被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)歸納（二）

王元元

【熱身訓(xùn)練】

閱讀下列各句，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore， he can go shopping without ___ （recognize）.

2. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ___ （reduce） to ruins， the city took on a new look.

3. ___ （ask） to work overtime that evening， I missed a wonderful film.

4. ___ （show） around the Water Cube， we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.

5. While shopping， people sometimes can’t help ___ （persuade） into buying some-thing they don’t really need.

6. ___ （separate） from other countries for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

7. He has always insisted on his ___ （call） Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.

8. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ___ （attack） in the South China Sea.

9. The airport ___ （complete） next year

will help promote tourism in this area.

10. The witnesses ___ （question） by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.

（Key ? p. 37）

【語(yǔ)法解析】

I. V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成。

當(dāng)V-ing表示的動(dòng)作與其邏輯主語(yǔ)存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，就應(yīng)用V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有一般式和完成式兩種。一般式由“being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。完成式由“having been+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。

II. V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句法功能。

（1）V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般式，在句中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。如：

Being accepted to the university is a great pleasure to her. 被大學(xué)錄取對(duì)她來說是一件愉快的事情。（主語(yǔ)）

Jack is looking forward to being taken to the Great Wall during the summer holidays. 杰克期望暑假期間被帶到長(zhǎng)城。（介詞賓語(yǔ)）

As we approached the village， we saw new houses being put up. 當(dāng)我們走近村莊時(shí)， 我們看見人們正在蓋新房子。（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）

Being badly wounded， the soldier could hardly bear the pain. 由于受了重傷，那位戰(zhàn)士幾乎忍受不了疼痛。（原因狀語(yǔ)）

（2）V-ing形式完成式的被動(dòng)式，即“having been+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”，在句中通常做狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可做賓語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)此動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。如：

Having been taken good care of， the baby grows well. 因?yàn)槭艿骄牡恼樟希@孩子長(zhǎng)得很好。

Having been defeated many times， he decided to try again. 雖然被擊敗了很多次，可他決定再試一次。

Having been given such a good chance， how could she let it slip away？ 人們給了她一個(gè)這么好的機(jī)會(huì)，她怎么可能輕易放棄呢？

III. V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式。

V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在其前面加not等帶有否定意義的副詞。如：

What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital. 使那男孩最焦慮的是不允許他到醫(yī)院去看望他的媽媽。

Tony was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party. 因?yàn)闆]有被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì)，托尼很不高興。

IV. V-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

當(dāng)need， want， require， be worth后面接V-ing形式時(shí)，需用V-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：

These trees need watering. 這些樹需要澆水了。

The story-book is well worth reading. 這本故事書值得一讀。

【溫馨提示】動(dòng)詞need， want， require后還可以接不定式的被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：

The desk needs to be repaired. 這張桌子需要修理了。

V. V-ing形式的被動(dòng)式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

當(dāng)V-ing形式被動(dòng)式的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，要在V-ing形式之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格（整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用人稱代詞賓格代替物主代詞，用名詞普通格代替名詞所有格）。如：

I am very pleased at your / you having been honored with a medal. 我很高興你能夠榮獲一枚獎(jiǎng)牌。

VI. V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和過去分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。

V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和過去分詞均可做定語(yǔ)，但是它們?cè)诒硎镜臅r(shí)間上有明顯區(qū)別。V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如：

The meeting being held now is of great importance. 正在開的那個(gè)會(huì)議很重要。 （動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）

There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 在我們準(zhǔn)備長(zhǎng)時(shí)間呆在月球之前仍然有很多問題要解決。（表示動(dòng)作在將來發(fā)生）

Annie Salmon， disabled， is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed to guard her. 身殘的Annie Salmon在學(xué)校里由一個(gè)指定守護(hù)她的護(hù)士照料著。（表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去）