過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)講與練

李建高

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

★ 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本構(gòu)成

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去式（was / were） + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，其中was用于第一、三人稱單數(shù)，were用于第二人稱單、復(fù)數(shù)和其他人稱的復(fù)數(shù)。

肯定句為“主語(yǔ) + was / were + V-ing”。如：

She was scared because a man was following her at that time.

她很害怕，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)有一個(gè)男人在跟蹤她。

The Smiths were having breakfast at 6：00 this morning.

今天早上6點(diǎn)史密斯一家正在吃早飯。

否定句為“主語(yǔ) + was / were + not + V-ing”。如：

Alice wasn’t doing her homework when her mom came back.

當(dāng)她媽媽回來(lái)時(shí)，愛(ài)麗絲沒(méi)有在做作業(yè)。

一般疑問(wèn)句為“Was / Were + 主語(yǔ) + V-ing”，肯定回答為Yes， 主語(yǔ) + was / were，否定回答為No， 主語(yǔ) + wasn’t / weren’t。如：

—Were your parents watching TV at this time yesterday？

昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候你的父母在看電視嗎？

—Yes， they were. / No， they weren’t.

是的，他們?cè)诳础?不，他們沒(méi)在看。

特殊疑問(wèn)句為“疑問(wèn)詞（組） + was / were + 主語(yǔ) + V-ing？”如：

What were you doing when I called you up？

我給你打電話的時(shí)候你在干什么？

★ 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法

1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)具體時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有then， at that time / moment， at this time yesterday （last night / Sunday / week...）， at+幾點(diǎn)鐘+yesterday（last night / Sunday...）， those days， from 9 to 11 yesterday morning， the whole morning等。如：

I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.

昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在做作業(yè)。

They were playing football at four o’clock yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午4點(diǎn)他們正在踢足球。

2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以表示過(guò)去同時(shí)發(fā)生的兩個(gè)持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，常用while或when連接，從句中要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。如：

When / While my father was reading a newspaper， I was drawing a horse.

當(dāng)我父親在讀報(bào)紙的時(shí)候，我正在畫(huà)一匹馬。

3. 用于對(duì)比發(fā)生在過(guò)去的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作和短暫性動(dòng)作，可以用when或while將兩個(gè)動(dòng)作連接起來(lái)。這時(shí)，持續(xù)性動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，而短暫性動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，即：“一般過(guò)去時(shí) + while / when + 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)”或“過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) + when + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”。如：

While I was listening to music， the door opened.

我正在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)的時(shí)候，門開(kāi)了。

The students were playing games when Mr Wang came in.

學(xué)生們正在做游戲，這時(shí)王老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。

[有些動(dòng)詞通常不用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，如like， love， hate等表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞;appear， seem等表示表象的動(dòng)詞;see， feel， sound等感官動(dòng)詞;allow， decide， end等短暫性動(dòng)詞。][注意]

★ 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別

1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，動(dòng)作往往已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束;而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作往往還未完成。如：

Jim wrote a letter to his friend last night.

昨晚吉姆給他的朋友寫了一封信。（信寫完了）

Jim was writing a letter to his friend when his father came back.

他爸爸回來(lái)的時(shí)候，吉姆正在給他的朋友寫信。（信不一定寫完）

2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但一般過(guò)去時(shí)只說(shuō)明過(guò)去發(fā)生了某事的事實(shí)，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來(lái)說(shuō)明持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，側(cè)重于動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度。如：

My grandpa worked in the factory ten years ago.

我爺爺10年前在這個(gè)工廠工作。

I often went swimming while I was living in Dalian.

我在大連住的時(shí)候經(jīng)常去游泳。

◎ 真題回放

1. （2020·遼寧·撫順） —Why didn’t Alice come to the party last night？

—Because she online classes at that time.

A. takes B. took C. was taking D. has taken

【答案與解析】C. 依據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at that time判斷，答句要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C。

2. （2020·貴州·黔西南） While Mike computer games in his room， his dad came in.

A. is playing B. was playing C. will play D. plays

【答案與解析】B. 句意：邁克正在他的房間里玩電腦游戲時(shí)，他的爸爸回來(lái)了。while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。本題主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此從句中要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選B。

【即時(shí)演練】

一、單項(xiàng)選擇。

1. —Were you at home from 8 pm to 10 pm yesterday？

—Yes. I a volleyball match on TV.

A. watched B. was watching C. will watch D. am watching

2. Jack in the street he met an old classmate the day before yesterday.

A. was walking; while B. walked; when

C. walked; while D. was walking; when

3. —Why did you shout so excitedly just now？

—Because a strange bird past my window. I never saw one like that before.

A. is flying B. was flying C. flies D. will fly

4. —Did your aunt catch her train this afternoon？

—Yes. The train . Luckily， she got on it at the last moment.

A. was leaving B. left C. is leaving D. will leave

5. —Why do you make so many mistakes in your homework， Sam？

—Sorry， Sir. I about the coming picnic all the time in your last class.

A. thought B. am thinking C. think D. was thinking

二、按要求改寫下列句子，每空一詞。

1. Jane was taking a shower at 8：30 last night. （改為否定句）

Jane a shower at 8：30 last night.

2. They were playing football when it began to rain. （改為一般疑問(wèn)句）

they football when it began to rain？

3. Were you reading while your mother was watching TV？ （作肯定回答）

Yes， .

4. Li Ming watches Animal World every day. （改為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）

Li Ming Animal World at this time yesterday.

5. My mother was cooking when I got home. （對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)）

your mother when you got home？

參考答案：

一、1～5 BDBAD

二、1. wasn’t taking 2. Were; playing 3. I was 4. was watching 5. What was; doing