選修8第4單元重點單詞

周旋

1. classify [?kl?sIfaI] v.

? vt. 分類;歸類

Scientists have discovered a new type of butterfly which has not yet been classified. 科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個新品種蝴蝶，它還沒有被歸類。

? vt. 劃分;界定

classify sb. / sth. as sth.

Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major. 這些事故中只有十一例被判定為重大事故。

派生詞 classification n.

? [U] 分類;歸類;分級

For the convenience of our classification， any over eighteen years old counts as an adult. 為了我們分類的方便，凡年滿18歲者均算成年人。

? [C] 類別;等級;門類

Its tariffs cater for four basic classifications of customer. 它的價目表適合4個基本類別的顧客。

易混辨析classify， catalogue與systematize

這些動詞均有“分類”之義。classify指將事物按照共有的特征進行分類;catalogue指把商品、書籍等編成目錄;systematize指將論據(jù)、數(shù)字、想法等系統(tǒng)化、條理化。

【考題鏈接】 The books in the library? ? ? ? ? by subject.

答案：are classified

2. remark [rI?mɑ?k]

? [C] 談?wù)?言論;評述

He made a number of rude remarks about the food. 關(guān)于這里的食物他說了許多無禮的評論。

? vt. 談到;評論

The similarities between the two have often been remarked on. 人們經(jīng)常談到兩者的相似之處。

? vi. 評論;談?wù)?/p>

The judges remarked on the high standard of entries for the competition. 評委們說明了參賽作品的高水準。

易混辨析remark， comment， note與observe

這些動詞均有“口頭或書面說明事實或發(fā)表意見”之義。remark 指說起、談?wù)?、評論;comment指發(fā)表意見或說明事實;note指特別提到或指出;observe指說起、談?wù)?、評論。

【考題鏈接】 All his friends? ? ? ? ??on the change in him since his marriage.

答案：remarked

3. condemn [k?n?dem] v.

? vt. 譴責;指責

The editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking integrity. 這家報紙的主編被指責不夠正直。

? vt. 宣判;判處（某人某種刑罰）

He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged. 他因謀殺罪被判處死刑后被絞死。

易混辨析condemn， blame， admonish， berate， censure， rebuke與 reproach

這些動詞均有“指責;責怪”之義。condemn尤指從道義上對某人或某事予以譴責;blame是普通用詞，表示把過錯或壞事歸咎于某人或某事;admonish通常指對某人所做的錯事當面給予批評、警告等;berate指因某人的過錯而氣憤地訓斥、責備某人;censure側(cè)重指公開、不留情面地批評或指責;rebuke指對某人的過錯給予尖銳的斥責，含刻薄或憤怒之意;reproach指失望、不滿或憤恨地指責某人，但這種指責有時可能失于公正。

【考題鏈接】 Some praise him， whereas others? ? ? ? ??him.

答案：condemn

4. compromise [?k?mpr?maIz]

? [U， C] 妥協(xié);折中;互讓;和解

Compromise is an inevitable part of life. 妥協(xié)是生活不可避免的一部分。

After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise. 經(jīng)過長期的商談雙方終于達成了妥協(xié)。

? vi. 妥協(xié)，折中，讓步

Neither side is prepared to compromise. 雙方都不愿意妥協(xié)。

易混辨析compromise， concession與give-and-take

這些名詞均有“妥協(xié);讓步”之義。compromise指有關(guān)各方或人員均作出讓步以達成的折中協(xié)議，也指妥協(xié)的行為;concession指為結(jié)束爭執(zhí)、分歧等而對他方作出的退讓;give-and-take指為滿足彼此的意愿、要求等而互相作出的讓步。

【考題鏈接】 They were unwilling to? ? ? ? ??with the military.

答案：compromise

5. overlook [???v??l?k] v.

? vt. 忽略;未注意到

He seems to have overlooked one important fact. 他好像忽略了一個重要的事實。

? vt. （對不良現(xiàn)象等）不予理會，視而不見

We could not afford to overlook such a serious offence. 對于這樣嚴重的違法行為，我們決不能視若無睹。

? vt. 俯視;眺望

Our back yard is overlooked by several houses. 好幾棟房子都看得見我家的后院。

【考題鏈接】 They totally? ? ? ? ??the study of the subject.

答案：overlooked

6. fade [feId]

? vi. & vt. （使）褪色;（使）變淡，變暗

The curtains had faded in the sun. 窗簾已經(jīng)給曬褪了色。

The sun had faded the curtains. 太陽把窗簾曬褪了色。

? vi. 逐漸消逝;逐漸消失

Her smile faded. 她的笑容逐漸消失。

fade away 逐漸消逝

The laughter faded away. 笑聲逐漸消逝。

? （運動員、運動隊、演員等）走下坡路，衰退，衰落

Black faded on the final bend. 布萊克在最后一個彎道處速度慢了下來。

易混辨析fade， blanch， bleach， discolor與 whiten

這些動詞均有“顏色變淡、變淺”之義。fade指（使）某物失去顏色和光澤;blanch指（使）某人因害怕或震驚而變得面色蒼白或（使）某物變白;bleach 指通過日照或使用化學品使某物顏色變淡或變白;discolor指（使）某物變色，通常變得比以前難看;whiten指（使）某人的臉色或某物變白或在原來的基礎(chǔ)上變得更白。

【考題鏈接】 Outside， the light was? ? ? ? ??rapidly

答案：fading

7. adaptation [??d?p?teI?n]

? [C] 改編本;改寫本

Do you think the film adaptation was faithful to the book？ 你認為這部改編的電影劇本忠于原著嗎？

? [U] 適應(yīng)

This process is known as adaptation. 這個過程即所謂適應(yīng)。

派生詞 adapt

? vt. （使）適應(yīng)

All animals have to adapt to their environment. 所有的動物都必須適應(yīng)它的環(huán)境。

adapt （oneself） to （doing） sth.

I gradually adapted myself to living on my own. 我逐漸適應(yīng)了獨立生活。

? vt. 改編;改寫

Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary. 下面一頁改編自英語詞典。

【考題鏈接】 The world will be different， and we will have to be prepared to? ? ? ? ??to the change

答案：adapt

8. hesitate [?hezIteIt] v.

? vi. 猶豫;躊躇

He hesitated before he replied. 回答前，他猶豫了一下。

hesitate about / over

Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once. 不要猶豫了，馬上就辦。

She hesitated over the choice between the two dresses. 她對到底選擇這兩件衣服中的哪一件猶豫不決。

? vi. 顧慮;疑慮

If you need any help， dont hesitate to call us. 如果你有任何顧慮，隨時電話聯(lián)系我們。

派生詞 hesitation [U] 猶豫;躊躇

I accepted the job without hesitation. 我毫不猶豫地接受了這份工作。

【考題鏈接】 I will not? ? ? ? ??to take unpopular decisions.

答案：hesitate

10. disapprove [?dIs??pru?v]

? vt. & vi. 不贊成;不同意;反對;譴責

I am sorry I must disapprove your action. 很抱歉，我必須指責你的行動。

disapprove （of） 不贊成

She wants to train for the theater， but her parents disapprove of her intentions. 她想做戲劇演員，但是她的父母不贊成她的意圖。

派生詞 ? disapproval [U] 不贊成

He shook his head in disapproval. 他搖了搖頭，表示反對。

? disapprovingly adv. 不以為然地

When Mary lit a cigarette， her father looked at her disapprovingly.

【考題鏈接】 She showed strong? ? ? ? ??for what they had done.

答案：disapproval