張輝 李夢(mèng)珍
摘? 要:當(dāng)前形勢(shì)下,煤炭作為我國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)能源在未來(lái)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間不會(huì)改變,隨著我國(guó)科技的快速發(fā)展,煤炭資源開(kāi)采新技術(shù)、新設(shè)備更新?lián)Q代日新月異,但我國(guó)從事煤炭開(kāi)采的從業(yè)人員學(xué)歷較低、素質(zhì)較差,嚴(yán)重制約了我國(guó)煤炭資源高效、安全開(kāi)采,對(duì)采礦工程高層次人才的需求是迫切的。巷道圍巖控制是煤炭開(kāi)采的前提,對(duì)巷道圍巖控制方面的人才培養(yǎng)是煤炭資源高效開(kāi)采的關(guān)鍵因素之一。文章針對(duì)煤炭開(kāi)采中對(duì)采礦工程本科教學(xué)巷道圍巖控制課程設(shè)置問(wèn)題,分析了采礦工程本科專(zhuān)業(yè)井巷工程和礦山壓力與巖層控制兩門(mén)核心專(zhuān)業(yè)課程的缺陷,提出了開(kāi)設(shè)煤礦巷道礦壓理論及控制技術(shù)課程的重要性和必要性,并就課程建設(shè)的目標(biāo)與內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的探討,為我國(guó)煤炭資源高效開(kāi)采提供了人才培養(yǎng)方面的一些借鑒。
關(guān)鍵詞:煤炭開(kāi)采;本科專(zhuān)業(yè);核心專(zhuān)業(yè)課程;巷道圍巖控制
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):G642? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A? ? ? ? ?文章編號(hào):2096-000X(2021)20-0152-04
Abstract: Under the current circumstances, coal as the basis of our country energy for a long time will not change in the future, with the rapid development of science and technology in our country, the coal resources mining new technology, new equipment upgrading with each passing day, but our country engaged in coal mining workers degree is low, the quality is poor, severely restricted the our country coal resources, efficient, safe, The demand for high-level talents in mining engineering is urgent. The control of roadway surrounding rock is the premise of coal mining, and the talent training of roadway surrounding rock control is one of the key factors of efficient coal mining. Paper aiming at the mining engineering in coal mining roadway surrounding rock control of undergraduate course teaching curriculum, analyzes the mining engineering undergraduate mine engineering and mining pressure and strata control two core professional courses, puts forward the open coal mine roadway mine pressure theory and control technology of the importance and necessity, At the same time, the objective and content of curriculum construction are systematically discussed, which provides some references for talents training in the efficient mining of coal resources in China.
Keywords: coal mining; bachelor's degree; core professional courses; roadway surrounding rock control
煤炭是我國(guó)重要的能源基礎(chǔ)和化工原料,為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定提供了重要的支撐。煤炭也是我國(guó)最豐富的能源資源,占我國(guó)已探明化石能源資源總量的94%左右,是我國(guó)最豐富、最基礎(chǔ)的能源資源,與其他能源相比,煤炭資源是我國(guó)最經(jīng)濟(jì)的能源[1-3]。
據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),2020年我國(guó)原煤產(chǎn)量39億噸,比上年增長(zhǎng)1.4%。全年能源消費(fèi)總量49.8億噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤,其中煤炭消費(fèi)量增長(zhǎng)0.6%,煤炭消費(fèi)量占能源消費(fèi)總量的56.8%[4]。2021年兩會(huì)上,碳達(dá)峰、碳中和雖然被首次寫(xiě)入政府工作報(bào)告。我國(guó)在第75屆聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)上提出“二氧化碳排放力爭(zhēng)于2030年前達(dá)到峰值,努力爭(zhēng)取2060年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和”的目標(biāo)承諾。但煤作為我國(guó)能源當(dāng)中的“壓艙石”,未來(lái)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)很難發(fā)生根本變化。我國(guó)對(duì)采礦業(yè)的人才需求與國(guó)內(nèi)高校人才培養(yǎng)數(shù)量是不相吻合的,煤炭開(kāi)采一線(xiàn)人才本科及以上學(xué)歷的占有率不足20%,尤其是我國(guó)中小煤礦對(duì)人才的需要更加迫切[5]。貴州、云南等地一些中小煤礦很多沒(méi)有一個(gè)本科學(xué)歷的畢業(yè)生[6-8]。由此,我國(guó)采礦業(yè)對(duì)采礦工程畢業(yè)生的需要是迫切的。
采礦業(yè)本身是工業(yè)的龍頭行業(yè),承擔(dān)著為工業(yè)企業(yè)提供能源及動(dòng)力的重任,在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中地位重要。我國(guó)進(jìn)入世貿(mào)組織后,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革、教育體制改革的深入,該專(zhuān)業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)呈現(xiàn)出既有困難又有機(jī)遇的趨勢(shì)。其促進(jìn)因素主要有國(guó)家對(duì)采礦業(yè)的重視,國(guó)民素質(zhì)的不斷提高,采礦業(yè)本身管理水平的進(jìn)一步提高,均對(duì)此專(zhuān)業(yè)的良性發(fā)展具有重要意義,因此,對(duì)采礦業(yè)人才的需求是緊迫的,對(duì)人才學(xué)歷水平的提升至關(guān)重要。