V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)

程亞芳

一、V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

【知識(shí)清單】

1. 在see， hear， feel， watch， notice， hear等感官動(dòng)詞后和catch， find， have， keep， leave等動(dòng)詞之后可以用V-ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這時(shí)V-ing形式和句子賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且V-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：

I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感到風(fēng)迎面吹來(lái)。

When the teacher caught the boy student cheating in the exam， he made him go out. 發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)男學(xué)生正在作弊，老師讓他出去了。

The two cheats had the lights burning all the night. 兩個(gè)騙子讓燈亮了一個(gè)晚上。

2. 以上結(jié)構(gòu)中有很多可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式。如：

He was found / spotted / caught lying on the ground. 有人發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在地上。

The papers were left lying around. 文件散落一地。

3. 動(dòng)詞不定式和V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。

在see， hear， feel， watch， notice等感官動(dòng)詞后，既可用V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也可用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，兩者之間有一定的區(qū)別。用V-ing形式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;用動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。如：

Do you hear someone knocking at the door？ 你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人正在敲門嗎？（表動(dòng)作）

Do you hear someone knock at the door？ 你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人敲門了嗎？（表全過(guò)程）

注意：表全過(guò)程時(shí)變被動(dòng)時(shí)加to。（see sb. do—sb. be seen to do）

二、V-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)

【知識(shí)清單】

V-ing形式可以在句子中作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式或伴隨狀況。其基本句型：V-ing短語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+句子的其他成分。如：

Having worked for four hours， she stopped to have her meal. （時(shí)間）她干了四個(gè)小時(shí)后停下來(lái)吃飯。

Exercising every morning， you will improve your health. （條件）如果每天做早操，你的健康會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)。

Granting the achievements to be great， there is still something to be desired. （讓步）盡管成績(jī)是巨大的，但仍然有一些要求改進(jìn)的東西。

They began to build their dreams， eventually making them a reality. （結(jié)果）他們開(kāi)始構(gòu)建夢(mèng)想，最終將夢(mèng)想變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。

We spend most of our waking hours communicating. （方式）我們清醒時(shí)的大部分時(shí)間都在交流。

Having no interest in the topic， he didnt go to the lecture. （原因）由于對(duì)這個(gè)話題沒(méi)興趣，他沒(méi)去參加講座。

We were sitting by the window， talking about what happened yesterday. （伴隨）我們坐在窗戶邊，談?wù)撝蛱彀l(fā)生的事。

【溫馨提示】

1. V-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)。如果主語(yǔ)不一致，保留各自的主語(yǔ)。

2. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，如果V-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或近乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，則V-ing短語(yǔ)放在句首。

3. 如果V-ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，則V-ing短語(yǔ)放在句子的結(jié)尾。

4. 當(dāng)分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，用V-ing形式的完成式（having done）作狀語(yǔ)，放在句首，譯作“在……之后”，此時(shí)它可以替換為“after+動(dòng)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Having turned off the TV set， he began to go over his lessons. 關(guān)掉電視機(jī)以后，他便開(kāi)始復(fù)習(xí)功課。

=After turning off the TV set， he began to go over his lessons.

【記憶口訣】

1. 分詞作狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是問(wèn)題。逗號(hào)前后兩動(dòng)作，共用一主語(yǔ)。

2. 主語(yǔ)找出后，先看詞性（及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)賓語(yǔ)用done，有賓語(yǔ)用doing;系動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞用doing），再來(lái)判關(guān)系。主動(dòng)用V-ing， 被動(dòng)用V-ed。

3. having done 表先后，千萬(wàn)要牢記。

【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】

一、單句語(yǔ)法填空。

1. ____ （find） the course very difficult， she decided to move to a lower level.

2. Our car was caught in a traffic jam， thus ____（cause） the delay.

3. We wont have you ____ （get） away with telling people lies.

4. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made ____ （work） in the restaurant.

5. ____ （wait） in the queue for half an hour， the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.

6. The lady walked around the shops， ____ （keep） an eye out for bargains.

7. We heard them ____ （quarrel） about money after the concert; they looked very angry.

8. I noticed my little son ____ （read） the words ____ （write） on his small blackboard.

9. ____ （look） at my classmates faces， I read the same excitement in their eyes.

10. ____ （fail） to reach them on the phone， we sent an e-mail instead.

11. They knew her very well. They had seen her ____ （grow） up from childhood.

12. Paul doesnt have to be made ____ （learn）. He always works hard.

13. I smell something ____ （burn） in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute？

14. We explored the cave， Black ____ （act） as a guide.

15. At the press conference Yao Ming announced a personal decision， ____ （end） his career as a basketball player.

二、用V-ing形式完成下面的短文，使文章更生動(dòng)。

1. ________ （站起來(lái)四周走動(dòng)）， the young mother held her 2. ________（微笑的） baby. He was very quiet and peaceful， 3. ________ （好奇地看著他的周圍）. After a while， his mother， 4. ________ （因?yàn)槔哿耍?sat down. The baby immediately started to cry. 5. ________ （在她的手臂中跳上跳下）， he screamed at the top of his lungs. The 6. ________ （皺眉的） mother quickly pulled a bottle out of her bag and gave it to her baby. 7. _________ （緊緊地抓著瓶子）， the baby was again quiet and peaceful. 8. _________ （看著孩子歡快地喝著）， she smiled in relief.