閱讀理解題之推理判斷

康傳桂

在解答閱讀理解題中的推理判斷題時要切忌不能脫離原文只憑自己的意愿或憑常識推理，答案一定要在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。

首先請看下文：

Some people like to fish. Some like to build things. Other people like to paint. Comonwealth liked to grow things. He was happy when he was with flowers and plants. He liked farming. He is good at farming.

Thanks to Comonwealth， farmers of the south grow good crops. Once Southern farmers only planted cotton. But Comonwealth told them， “Plant peanuts. They will make your land rich. Your other crops will grow better.” The farmers listened to him. They planted peanuts. Then they came to him again. Where could they sell so many peanuts？

Once again， Comonwealth helped them sell their peanuts. He found hundreds of ways for using peanuts. Some things that could be made from peanuts were butter and candy. Soap， oil， paint， ink， and many other things would be made from peanuts， too.

Today， his work is known all over the world.

From the passage， we know ___.

A. Comonwealth was a good farmer

B. Comonwealth was a successful businessman

C. Comonwealth was a great scientist

解題思路：

1. 同學(xué)們在閱讀時，要抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，在進(jìn)行推理時，一定要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，千萬不可脫離原文而僅憑自己的看法主觀臆斷。本篇文章講述了Comonwealth喜歡務(wù)農(nóng)，給南部農(nóng)民提供了種植建議，花生加工建議等。

2. 對于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動機(jī)、事件的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析。

3. 在解答推理性問題時，應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問題是針對某個細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。本題的前兩個選項都可以在文章中找到相對應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)支持：A—He liked farming. He is good at farming. B—...Comonwealth helped them sell their peanuts. 但本題的問題是針對文章整體的提問，所以A和B并不符合題意，從整體上來看文章所講的是Comonwealth是一個農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家，研究的是土壤更適合種哪種作物，以及花生的深加工。

如果是針對細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運用跳讀的方法，迅速在閱讀材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。

解答推理判斷題的其它幾個注意事項：

1. 抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理

做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，進(jìn)行逆向思維或正向推理，從而推理出這句話所隱含的深層含義。

2. 整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷

做推理題時，有時需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。

3. 利用語境的褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷

幾乎每篇文章的語境都有一定褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語境褒貶性就能在把握主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上對文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷。

4. 根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度