中考完形填空題實(shí)例解析

艾寧

完形填空主要考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，要求學(xué)生從語(yǔ)篇層次上把握語(yǔ)言材料，在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行邏輯推理，合理運(yùn)用所學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)。具體而言，完形填空主要考查對(duì)于文章上下文的理解和把握能力;對(duì)于詞匯的意義與用法的理解和運(yùn)用能力;根據(jù)生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理和判斷能力;對(duì)于習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和短語(yǔ)的固定搭配的掌握能力。

【答題思路】

（1）總體把握，通讀全文，了解大意

通讀完形填空短文時(shí)，跳過(guò)空格快速閱讀，了解全篇的主要內(nèi)容，切不可把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在個(gè)別字句的推敲上。

（2）弄清體裁

文章體裁通常分為四種：議論文、記敘文、說(shuō)明文和應(yīng)用文。中考選文以敘事性文章為主，如：幽默故事、科普知識(shí)、童話(huà)、簡(jiǎn)短新聞、名人軼事、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題等。讀這類(lèi)文章，要大體上了解故事所涉及的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件及前因后果。不同的體裁可能使用不同的語(yǔ)氣和說(shuō)法，也就需要選用不同的選項(xiàng)了。

（3）重視主題句

完形填空所用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的主題句，往往在每段文章的首句，有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處。主題句提供全篇的性質(zhì)、大意信息等，這是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以主題句為立足點(diǎn)，從主題句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣推測(cè)全文的主要內(nèi)容。

（4）語(yǔ)境聯(lián)想

利用上下文的提示，用學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)和已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，掃清部分詞匯理解上的障礙。聯(lián)想并推測(cè)故事所發(fā)生的情景和人物在那種情景下的心態(tài)和感覺(jué)，這樣才能更好地把握全局，選對(duì)答案，從而避免理解錯(cuò)誤而大量出錯(cuò)。

【實(shí)例解析】

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。（2020·浙江·金華）

Sam was very nervous. It was his first day in new 1 ， and lunch was only thirty minutes away. For most students， lunch is the 2 part of the school day. It is time when you talk with your friends， get to know what interesting things everyone is doing， and， of course，? ? 3 . Sam， however didn’t know anyone or anything， like where to sit or with whom to sit at lunch.

Sam’s 4 was in the army， so his family moved a lot. He had really liked his old school and 5 leaving his two best friends. They still talked to each other through phone calls and emails， 6 he couldn’t see them every day. He wondered if their 7 would continue. He didn’t want to lose them， but he knew it would be 8 for them to stay close.

“I know this is hard on you，” his mother said as he got ready for school this morning， and I’m really 9 you have to keep changing schools.”Sam could see regret in her eyes， but he didn’t want her to feel that way. 10 had always been ready to defend （保衛(wèi)） not only the family but also the country. Sam loved her so much. He gave her a smile and told her not to 11 .He had wanted to mean it ， but there was still always worry in him when they moved.

The 12 time came quickly. As Sam was walking to the dining room， a voice behind him said. “Excuse me.” Sam 13 and saw five friendly faces.

“Would you like to join us？” asked one of them.

This 14 invitation was exactly what he needed. Sam nodded yes 15 and joined them. He was sure about his future school life now.

1. A. company? ? B. family? ? C. factory? ? D. school

2. A. best? ? B. longest? ? ? C. shortest? ? D. worst

3. A. eat? ? B. learn? ? ? C. run? ? ? D. sleep

4. A. brother? ? B. father? ? C. mother? ? D. sister

5. A. hated? ? B. imagined? ? C. tried? ? ? D. suggested

6. A. so? ? ? B. or? ? ? ? ? C. but? ? ? ? D. if

7. A. discussion? ? B. dream? ? C. business? ? D. friendship

8. A. safe? ? ? B. hard? ? ? ? C. natural? ? D. terrible

9. A. proud? ? B. sorry? ? C. excited? D. surprised

10. A. He? ? ? B.I? ? ? ? C. She? ? ? ? D. We

11. A. forget? ? B. move? ? ? C. return? ? D. worry

12. A. breakfast? ? B. lunch? ? C. tea? ? ? D. dinner

13. A. sat down? B. got up? ? C. ran away? D. turned around

14. A. unexpected? ? B. creative? ? C. funny? ? ? D. popular

15. A. bravely? ? B. happily? ? C. nervously? ? D. patiently

本文是一篇記敘文，講述了山姆在新學(xué)校的第一天，雖然對(duì)新生活有擔(dān)憂(yōu)， 但是為了讓母親放心，他還是勇敢地去面對(duì)，最后他意外地在第一天就收獲了他人的友善邀約。

文章主要考查名詞、形容詞及形容詞最高級(jí)、連詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和副詞的用法，以及對(duì)文章語(yǔ)境的把握，和對(duì)全文的整體理解。

題1：考查名詞辨析。company公司;family家庭; factory工廠(chǎng); school學(xué)校。根據(jù)下文“ For most students， lunch is the best part of the school day.” 可知， 此處指的是山姆在學(xué)校的第一天，故選D。

題2：考查形容詞最高級(jí)辨析。best最好的; longest最長(zhǎng)的; shortest最短的;worst最糟糕的。根據(jù)下文“It is time when you talk with your friends， get to know what interesting things everyone is doing， and， of course， eat.”可知，此處指的是午餐是學(xué)校一天中最好的部分，故選A。

題3：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。eat吃; learn學(xué)習(xí); run跑; sleep睡覺(jué)。根據(jù)上文“ lunch is the best part of the school day”可知， 午餐時(shí)可以和你的朋友聊天，了解每個(gè)人都在做什么有趣的事情，當(dāng)然，還有吃飯，故選A。

題4：考查名詞辨析。brother哥哥; father父親; mother母親; sister姐姐。根據(jù)下文 “She had always been ready to defend（保衛(wèi)）not only the family but also the country.”可知， 山姆的母親在部隊(duì)服役，故選C。

題5：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。hated討厭; imagined想象; tried嘗試; suggested建議。根據(jù)下文“He wondered if their friendship would continue. He didn’t want to lose them， but he knew it would be hard for them to stay close.”可知，他很討厭離開(kāi)自己最好的朋友，故選A。

題6：考查連詞辨析。so因此; or或者; but但是; if是否。根據(jù)前后句句意可知，空格處應(yīng)填入表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，故選C。

題7：考查名詞辨析。discussion討論; dream夢(mèng)想; business生意; friendship友誼。根據(jù)下文“He didn’t want to lose them， but he knew it would be hard for them to stay close.”山姆不想失去兩個(gè)最好的朋友，但他懷疑他們能否繼續(xù)保持親密，此處指的是他懷疑他們的友誼能否繼續(xù)下去，故選D。

題8：考查形容詞辨析。safe安全的; hard困難的; natural自然的; terrible可怕的。根據(jù)上文“They still talked to each other through phone calls and emails， but he couldn’t see them every day.”可知，他們只能通過(guò)電話(huà)和電子郵件保持聯(lián)系，所以要維持親密無(wú)間的友誼很難，故選B。

題9：考查形容詞辨析。proud驕傲的; sorry歉疚的; excited興奮的; surprised驚訝的。根據(jù)下文“Sam could see regret in her eyes”可知，母親感到很愧疚，故此處指的是“我”真的很抱歉你不得不頻繁地?fù)Q學(xué)校，故選B。

題10：考查代詞辨析。He他; I我; She她; We我們。根據(jù)上文“Sam’s mother was in the arm”可知，山姆的母親是軍人，故此處指的是她時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著保家衛(wèi)國(guó)，故選C。

題11：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。forget忘記; move移動(dòng); return返回; worry擔(dān)心。根據(jù)上文“I know this is hard on you”可知，母親對(duì)山姆不停地?fù)Q學(xué)校還是有點(diǎn)抱歉和擔(dān)心的，故此處指的是他給了她一個(gè)微笑，告訴她不要擔(dān)心，故選D。

題12：考查名詞辨析。breakfast早飯; lunch午飯; tea 茶; dinner晚飯。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)unch was only thirty minutes away”可知，此處指的是午餐時(shí)間很快就到了，故選B。

題13：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。sat down坐下; got up起床; ran away逃跑; turned around轉(zhuǎn)身。根據(jù)上文“a voice behind him said”可知，身后傳來(lái)了聲音，于是山姆轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)了身，故選D。

題14：考查形容詞辨析。unexpected出乎意料的; creative有創(chuàng)造力的; funny好笑的; popular受歡迎的。根據(jù)上文“Sam， however， didn’t know anyone or anything， like where to sit or with whom to sit at lunch.”可知，今天是山姆在新學(xué)校的第一天，所以他不知道和誰(shuí)去吃午飯，故此處指的是這一令人意外的邀請(qǐng)正是他所需要的，故選A。

題15：考查副詞辨析。bravely勇敢地; happily快樂(lè)地; nervously緊張地; patiently耐心地。根據(jù)上文“This unexpected invitation was exactly what he needed.”可知，這一令人意外的邀請(qǐng)正是他所需要的，所以他很愉快地接受了這一邀請(qǐng)，故選B。