絲路合作 綠色發(fā)展

文：本刊記者 雷怡安

馬爾代夫畫家阿米爾繪制的中馬友誼大橋The China-Maldives Friendship Bridge painted by Maldivian painter Ali Amir （新華社 供圖）

“地球是人類唯一賴以生存的家園，珍愛和呵護地球是人類的唯一選擇?！边@是中國國家主席習近平2017年1月在日內瓦萬國宮出席“共商共筑人類命運共同體”高級別會議時，發(fā)表的令世界警醒的主旨演講。

2020年11月27日，科技部發(fā)布《全球生態(tài)環(huán)境遙感監(jiān)測2020年度報告》提到，1999年至2019年，南極冰蓋表面融化明顯，融化面積約占南極冰蓋總面積的19%，2005年以來，南極冰架年均崩解面積3411.4平方公里，年均崩解質量7711億噸。

2020年9月8日，歐洲環(huán)境保護署發(fā)布對歐洲環(huán)境問題的報告，報告稱歐洲每年約63萬人因環(huán)境污染死亡。與此同時，世界知名咨詢公司麥肯錫也發(fā)布了一份報告警告東南亞地區(qū)，預計到2050年，由于高溫高濕而減少的有效戶外工作將使亞洲國內生產(chǎn)總值每年損失可能高達2.8萬億美元到4.7萬億美元。

在這樣的現(xiàn)實背景下，綠色發(fā)展是全球經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基石。中國在這樣的大背景下，致力于生態(tài)建設，并取得了舉世矚目的成就。生態(tài)環(huán)境部部長黃潤秋曾透露了一組數(shù)據(jù)：2009年至2019年，中國造林面積達7039萬公頃，成為全球同期森林面積增長最多的國家。

中國不僅致力于本國生態(tài)環(huán)境的建設，還將理念和行動分享到“一帶一路”沿線。疫情期間，中國生產(chǎn)的風電設備跨越數(shù)千公里，助力哈薩克斯坦可再生資源項目；在匈牙利考波什堡投資興建光伏電站，推動當?shù)厍鍧嵞茉错椖堪l(fā)展。

為此，聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署對中國的做法給予極高的評價：推進綠色發(fā)展、建設生態(tài)文明的中國實踐，為全球作出了重要貢獻，為各國提供了有益借鑒。

“Earth is still the only home to mankind, so to care for and cherish it is the only option for us mankind.” This is from a sobering keynote speech given by Chinese President Xi Jinping on the high-level meeting “Work Together to Build a Community of Shared Future for Mankind” in Palais des Nations, Geneva, in January 2017.

Three years later, on November 27, 2020,

the Report on Remote Sensing Monitoring for Global Ecological Environment 2020

was published by China’s Ministry of Science and Technology.

This report highlights:from 1999 to 2019, the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet has melted significantly. The melted area accounts for 19% of the total area. The average annual disintegration area of the Antarctic ice shelf is 3,411.4 square kilometers and the average annual disintegration mass is 771.1 billion tons since the beginning of 2005.

On September 8, 2020, the European Environment Agency issued a report on the environmental problems in Europe. According to the report, about 630,000 Europeans die every year from environmental pollution. Meanwhile, McKinsey ＆ Company, a world-renowned consultancy, issued a report warning South-East Asia that effective outdoor jobs reduced by high temperature and high humidity are expected to cost Asia GDP of USD 2.8 trillion to USD 4.7 trillion annually by 2050.

Given that, the globe has made green development a cornerstone of its economic growth, and China has made remarkable achievements in ecological construction against the backdrop. Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecological Environment, revealed a set of data between 2009 and 2019, China’s afforestation area reached 70.39 million hectares, ranking first globally.

China is committed to its own ecological environment, as well we actively sharing its ideas and actions with countries and regions along the Belt and Road. During the COVID-19 epidemic, wind power equipment made in China was delivered thousands of kilometers away to Kazakhstan for its renewable resource projects. In order to promote local clean energy projects, China invested in a photovoltaic power plant in Kaposvár, Hungary.

Therefore, the United Nations Environment Programme has highly commended China:China’s practices in green development and ecological civilization has made important contributions to the world and provided useful references for other countries.

A跨越千山萬水 為哈薩克斯坦風電項目助力

A thousand-mile journey to propel Kazakhstan wind power

在哈風電場施工現(xiàn)場，工作人員吊裝中國生產(chǎn)的風機葉片At the construction site of a wind farm in Kazakhstan, employees are installing Chinamade blades of wind turbines

在新冠肺炎疫情期間，中國企業(yè)克服重重困難，從河北豐寧、江蘇江陰、天津三地發(fā)運的智能風機組件跨域7000公里，保障位于哈薩克斯坦庫斯塔奈的Ybyrai風電項目建設順利進行。項目并網(wǎng)投產(chǎn)后，預計年發(fā)電量1.9億千瓦時，每年可為哈薩克斯坦減少14.15萬噸二氧化碳排放。目前，該項目已被列入“中哈產(chǎn)能與投資合作重點項目”清單，是中哈合作重點項目之一。

During the COVID-19 epidemic, China overcame many difficulties to transport the intelligent wind turbine components from Fengning of Hebei, Jiangyin of Jiangsu and Tianjin for 7,000 kilometers to the project site, which makes the Ybyrai wind power project in Kostanay, Kazakhstan go smoothly. Ybyrai is to be connected to grid before the end of December 2020. As estimated, the annual power generation will reach 190 million kWh, which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 141,500 tons per year for Kazakhstan. The project has been included in the list of key projects of China-Kazakhstan capacity and investment cooperation.

B光伏電站為匈牙利帶來更多的清潔能源

The PV plant brings more clean energy to Hungary

在匈牙利西南部，由中國通用技術集團所屬中國機械進出口（集團）有限公司投資興建的考波什堡100兆瓦光伏電站項目是“一帶一路”框架下中匈兩國加強生態(tài)環(huán)保、綠色發(fā)展領域交流合作的重點項目之一，項目于2019年6月開工建設。目前，電站正處于建設關鍵期。

在整個施工過程中，中國企業(yè)非常重視保護當?shù)丨h(huán)境，電站并網(wǎng)運行后，預計每年可發(fā)電1.3億千瓦時，節(jié)約4.5萬噸標準煤，減少12萬噸二氧化碳排放。

In southwest Hungary, the 100 MW PV plant in Kaposvár, invested by China National Machinery Import ＆ Export Corporation (CMC) subordinate to China General Technology, is one of the key projects for strengthening exchanges and cooperation on ecological environmental protection and green development between China and Hungary under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The construction was commenced in June 2019.

Throughout the whole construction process, CMC attaches great importance to local environmental protection. The power plant is expected to generate 130 million kWh of electricity per year after the grid connection, saving 45,000 tons of standard coal equivalent and reducing 120,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

工人正在安裝考波什堡100兆瓦光伏電站的光伏板Employees are installing photovoltaic panels at the 100 MW photovoltaic plant in Kaposvar（本版圖片/新華社 供圖）

塞尼風電項目風機塔筒吊裝施工現(xiàn)場The construction site of tower erection of wind turbines at a wind farm in Senj

C塞尼風電預計年均發(fā)電3400小時

Senj wind farm is expected to generate electricity for 3,400 hours annually

克羅地亞塞尼是亞得里亞海沿岸的一座小城，在它城外海拔上千米的山林中，巨型風機正在被安裝。這是目前當?shù)匾?guī)模最大的風電場——塞尼風力發(fā)電項目。該項目于2018年11月20日開工，總裝機156兆瓦，建成后預計年均發(fā)電3400小時，年發(fā)電量5.3億千瓦時。項目總投資達1.79億歐元，預計2021年4月全部建成。中國北方國際合作股份有限公司2017年11月與克羅地亞能源項目股份公司簽署協(xié)議，收購后者76%的股權，并獲得塞尼風電項目建設權和25年運營權。

Senj is a small town in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. Huge wind turbines are being installed in a mountain forest over a thousand meters above the sea level outside the city. This is the largest local wind farm in Senj, Croatia, invested by a Chinese enterprise, started construction on November 20, 2018, with a total installed capacity of 156 MW. After completion, the plant is expected to generate power for 3,400 hours per year, amounting to 530 million kWh. The total investment of the project is 179 million euros, and the installation is completed in April 2021 as planned. NORINCO International (China) signed an agreement with Croatia’s Energija Projekt in November 2017 to acquire the latter’s 76% stake, and obtain the right to construct and the 25-year operating right for the Senj wind power farm.

D為柬埔寨輸送源源不斷的動力

Ceaseless power transmission for Cambodia

柬埔寨額勒賽下游水電站位于柬西南部額勒賽河上，距首都金邊約350公里。該水電站是中國華電集團公司投資建設的BOT（建設—運營—轉讓）重點項目。

項目于2010年4月開工建設，2013年12月投產(chǎn)發(fā)電，電站高峰年份發(fā)電量在柬國產(chǎn)電量中所占份額一度超過30%，已累計發(fā)電超62億千瓦時，為柬經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展輸送了源源不斷的動力。柬埔寨首相洪森多次表彰該項目，稱其契合了“一帶一路”倡議，“是中國人民送來的珍貴禮物”。

Cambodia’s Lower Stung Russei Chrum Hydropower Station is located in southwest Cambodia on the Stung Russei Chrum River, about 350 kilometers from the capital Phnom Penh. This power plant is a key BOT (build-operate-transfer) project invested and constructed by China Huadian Corporation.

The project was commenced in April 2010 and put into production in December 2013. Its power generation once accounted for more than 30% of the home-made electricity of Cambodia in a peak year, and its cumulative power generation has exceeded 6.2 billion kWh. It provides ceaseless power transmission for the economic and social development of Cambodia. Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen has commended the project more than once, saying it fits the BRI, and is also a precious gift from the Chinese people.

水電站是中國人民送給柬埔寨的珍貴禮物Cambodia hails the hydropower plant as a “precious gift” from Chinese people （本版圖片/新華社 供圖）

E阿根廷北部高原上的光伏電站

A PV plant on northern plateau of Argentina

2020年9月26日，由中企承建的阿根廷最大、世界海拔最高的光伏項目——阿根廷胡胡伊省高查瑞300兆瓦光伏電站正式投入商業(yè)運營。

項目建成，不僅讓阿北部高原地區(qū)長期缺電的歷史得以改變，極大緩解當?shù)仉娏ω摵傻木o張狀況，降低當?shù)孛癖娪秒妰r格。同時，項目還將實現(xiàn)胡胡伊省電力的自給自足，更將每年為該省帶來5000萬美元的發(fā)電收入，進一步促進當?shù)亟?jīng)濟發(fā)展。

On September 26, 2020, the Caucharui 300MW PV plant in Jujuy, the largest photovoltaic project in Argentina and the highest-elevation photovoltaic project in the world constructed by Chinese enterprises was officially put into commercial operation.

The completed project not only changes the history of long-term power shortage in the plateau region of northern Argentina, greatly alleviates the local power load, and reduces the power price for local people, but also realizes the self-sufficiency of electricity in Jujuy Province, and will even bring a power revenue of USD 50 million to the province every year, thus further promoting the local economic development.

中企承建的阿根廷最大、世界海拔最高的光伏項目 （新華社 供圖）The biggest and world’s highest-altitude photovoltaic project in Argentina undertaken by a Chinese enterprise