彩石鑲嵌：點(diǎn)石成金的傳統(tǒng)技藝

劉凡力 盧倩倩

彩石鑲嵌是一種石雕、浮雕與花板雕刻相結(jié)合的技法，是國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)之一。傳統(tǒng)彩石鑲嵌是以天然葉蠟石為材料加工成預(yù)先設(shè)計(jì)好的圖案，鑲嵌在紅木、樟木等上面的工藝美術(shù)作品，呈現(xiàn)出石材古樸高雅特質(zhì)和木料的天然紋理色澤。溫州彩石鑲嵌至今已有400多年歷史，是民間傳統(tǒng)工藝中的一顆璀璨明珠。鑲嵌藝術(shù)積累了許多重要的技術(shù)手段，主要包括直接鑲嵌法、預(yù)制法、反貼反上法、正貼正上法等。除平面鑲嵌外，也可以在浮雕上進(jìn)行鑲嵌，這種鑲嵌方法可以進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)鑲嵌對(duì)象的立體感。

鑲嵌（彩石鑲嵌）代表性傳承人繆成金的彩石鑲嵌技藝令人嘆服，對(duì)這一技藝的熱愛和執(zhí)著讓他在技藝上作出了許多突破和創(chuàng)新，創(chuàng)作出許多獨(dú)具特色的彩石鑲嵌作品。60多年彩石鑲嵌生涯中，他創(chuàng)作的《擊鞠圖》《天女散花》《扇屋佳人》《十二生肖》《杜甫詩(shī)意》《弘一大師》等多次參賽獲獎(jiǎng)。同時(shí)，繆成金還是業(yè)內(nèi)少有的能進(jìn)行“大件”創(chuàng)作的工藝美術(shù)大師，比如《法華勝會(huì)》《靈山勝會(huì)》《普賢十愿圖》《文殊說法圖》等大型作品，件件精美絕倫、生動(dòng)傳神。幾十年如一日，對(duì)于繆老先生來說，彩石鑲嵌已經(jīng)融入了他的生活?！澳贸鲆粡堃巫?，泡杯茶，坐在作品面前，品品茶，看看自己的作品，我覺得這是非常自在的生活，也可以說是很高的享受?！笨姵山鹫f。

繆一川在父親的言傳身教之下，也練就了一門彩石鑲嵌的好手藝。他是學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)出身，又深諳經(jīng)商之道，經(jīng)過對(duì)市場(chǎng)的慎重考察，他把彩石鑲嵌的未來定位在高端藝術(shù)品和日常生活用品上，大大提高了彩石鑲嵌作品的銷售情況，也給非遺的傳承和創(chuàng)新提供了新思路。

（感謝浙江省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)中心為本欄目提供支持）

A national cultural intangible heritage， Colored Stone Inlay is a folk art that combines the skills of stone carving， relief carving and wood carving. The works produced are mahogany or camphorwood that is shaped into patterns and then inlaid with natural pyrophyllite.

In Wenzhou city， the traditional art of Colored Stone Inlay boasts a history of more than 400 years， and is one of the most valued folk arts in China. Over time， folk artists have developed many inlay techniques， such as direct inlay， prefabricated inlay， among others. As well as inlay on flat surface， Colored Stone Inlay can also be applied on relief， enhancing the 3D rendering of the inlaid object.

A Wenzhou native and an inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage， Miao Chengjin has been known for his stunning skills in his 60-odd-year career as a Colored Stone Inlay craftsman. His works， including the Chinese Zodiac，? Du Fu and Poetry and Master Hongyi， have won him a host of top awards. In fact， Miao is one of the few in the industry who are able to create “l(fā)arge” pieces of works that are both exquisite and vivid. Examples include The Ten Great Vows of Samantabhadra Bodhisattva and? Manjusri Bodhisattva Teaching Dharma.

Inspired by his father， Miao Yichuan， Miao Chengjins son， also became a master of the Colored Stone Inlay craft. Majoring in design studies and adept in business， Miao Yichuan has positioned Colored Stone Inlay works as both high-end art products and products relatable to peoples everyday life. It has greatly boosted the sales of these works and provided new ideas for the inheritance and innovation of intangible cultural heritage.