漢江支流堵河寬鰭種群結(jié)構(gòu)與繁殖力研究

孟子豪，李學(xué)梅，王旭歌，胡飛飛，劉璐，朱挺兵，楊德國(guó)

(中國(guó)水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院長(zhǎng)江水產(chǎn)研究所,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部淡水魚類種質(zhì)資源與生物技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，武漢430223)

1 材料與方法

1.1 研究區(qū)域、采樣頻次和方法

研究區(qū)域包括堵河干流(竹山縣境內(nèi))的梯級(jí)水庫(kù)(S1、S2、S3)庫(kù)區(qū)和支流水庫(kù)庫(kù)區(qū)(S4)，具體采樣點(diǎn)設(shè)置詳見圖1。采樣時(shí)間為2018年6月—2019年5月，逐月采樣，共采集樣本306尾。

1.2 樣本處理

1.3 數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 種群結(jié)構(gòu)

表1 堵河寬鰭的種群結(jié)構(gòu)Table 1 Population structure of Zacco platypus in Duhe River,Zhushan

表1 堵河寬鰭的種群結(jié)構(gòu)Table 1 Population structure of Zacco platypus in Duhe River,Zhushan

年齡Age group性別Sex個(gè)體數(shù)Number平均體長(zhǎng)(范圍)Average length (range)/mm平均體質(zhì)量(范圍)Average body mass (range)/g平均空殼質(zhì)量(范圍)Average carcass mass (range)/gⅠ雄性58120±13 (78～147)26.9±5.7 (6.4～50.5)24.0±8.4 (5.7～47.2)雌性4499±14 (71～144)14.5±5.7 (4.7～30.0)12.6±5.0 (4.3～27.8)性別不明497±22 (64～112)16.9±9.3 (4.0～23.9)15.4±8.2 (3.8～21.5)Ⅱ雄性116112±13 (110～168)25.2±7.8 (21.5～77.1)21.7±6.5 (18.9～71.4)雌性46131±13 (89～136)40.9±12.5 (11.4～42.4)36.7±11.5 (11.3～35.1)性別不明7120±7 (111～132)29.8±5.0 (23.1～36.9)26.7±4.0 (22.1～32.3)Ⅲ雄性19167±15 (137～194)59.4±15.6 (34.8～88.8)53.2±14.3 (30.3～80.2)雌性12176±15 (140-198)70.4±17.3 (33.9～106.8)63.8±16.0 (28.8～96.2)

2.2 性別結(jié)構(gòu)

表2 堵河寬鰭雌雄比實(shí)際值與理論值(1∶1)的χ2檢驗(yàn)Table 2 The χ2 test between true and expectation female-male ratio value of Zacco platypus in Duhe River,Zhushan

表2 堵河寬鰭雌雄比實(shí)際值與理論值(1∶1)的χ2檢驗(yàn)Table 2 The χ2 test between true and expectation female-male ratio value of Zacco platypus in Duhe River,Zhushan

雌雄比2種群(0.53∶1)Ⅰ齡組(0.76∶1) Ⅱ齡組(0.40∶1)Ⅲ齡組(0.63∶1)種群(1∶1) 14.787?Ⅰ齡組(1∶1) 0.965Ⅱ齡組(1∶1) 15.864?Ⅲ齡組(1∶1) 0.632

注Note：* P<0.05

2.3 成熟系數(shù)

2.4 繁殖力

表3 堵河寬鰭種群繁殖力參數(shù)Table 3 Fecundify parameter of Zacco platypus in Duhe River,Zhushan

表3 堵河寬鰭種群繁殖力參數(shù)Table 3 Fecundify parameter of Zacco platypus in Duhe River,Zhushan

卵徑Egg diameter/mm卵質(zhì)量Egg mass/mg絕對(duì)繁殖力Absolute fecundity/粒體長(zhǎng)相對(duì)繁殖力Length relative fecundity/(粒/cm)體質(zhì)量相對(duì)繁殖力Mass relative fecundity/(粒/g)范圍0.83～1.670.80～2.56864～5 07482.57～409.1942.99～147.50x±SD1.14±0.241.34±0.531 863.74±1 097.86165.98±83.5868.37±27.04

表4 堵河寬鰭絕對(duì)繁殖力與各單一生物學(xué)參數(shù)的回歸分析Table 4 Regressive equation between absolute fecundify and signal biological index of Zacco platypus in Duhe River,Zhushan

表4 堵河寬鰭絕對(duì)繁殖力與各單一生物學(xué)參數(shù)的回歸分析Table 4 Regressive equation between absolute fecundify and signal biological index of Zacco platypus in Duhe River,Zhushan

生物學(xué)指標(biāo)Biological index最佳回歸方程Optimal regressive equation相關(guān)系數(shù)R2nFP全長(zhǎng)y=258.71x2-6 312.7x+39 5510.6539514.6020.101體長(zhǎng)y=303.7x2-6 055.3x+31 4030.538958.8000.003體質(zhì)量y=4.475 1x1.82130.6289527.3930.001空殼質(zhì)量y=-1E-6x2+0.008 8x+9.988 00.6429520.1280.001性腺質(zhì)量y=845.08x0.91770.6159526.4630.001

3 討論

3.1 種群結(jié)構(gòu)

3.2 繁殖力

3.3 堵河寬鰭資源的保護(hù)與利用建議