人文名城 風(fēng)雅桐鄉(xiāng)

上有天堂，下有蘇杭，蘇杭中央是桐鄉(xiāng)。

桐鄉(xiāng)，梧桐之鄉(xiāng)，鳳凰來棲。在浙北平原這方熱土上，桐鄉(xiāng)不負(fù)歷史之厚望，始終在創(chuàng)造奇跡、演繹神話，閃耀在長三角南翼強(qiáng)縣之林。

石門羅家角遺址、崇福新地里遺址、濮院張家埭遺址……馬家浜文化、良渚文化與運(yùn)河文化在桐鄉(xiāng)大地交相輝映。站在歷史的遺址上，遠(yuǎn)古的新石器時代便鋪面而來，我們可以切身感受到歷史深處的燦爛文明，在五千年、六千年、七千年……甚至更遙遠(yuǎn)的歲月里，茹毛飲血的人類遠(yuǎn)祖從原始社會走向文明社會的努力與追求。而人類在偉大的進(jìn)化中創(chuàng)造了文化，開創(chuàng)了文明，走向了新時代。

桐鄉(xiāng)是一個獨(dú)特而鮮明的符號，一個醒目而輝煌的存在。

吳疆越界 春秋戰(zhàn)地

沒有高山大川的桐鄉(xiāng)，是典型的水鄉(xiāng)平原，在2500年前的吳越春秋時期，桐鄉(xiāng)一地成為吳越兩國的戰(zhàn)略要地，可謂是兩軍征戰(zhàn)的主戰(zhàn)場之一。

追尋桐鄉(xiāng)境內(nèi)的吳越遺跡，可分明感知金戈鐵馬的崢嶸歲月。

今鳳鳴街道境內(nèi)的天荒蕩，春秋時為吳越戰(zhàn)場。南有鷂子墩，是吳軍放飛鷂子以辨風(fēng)向之處;北有紀(jì)目墩，是吳王駐兵處。紀(jì)目墩西北七里有游屯涇，傳說是吳王游擊、屯兵之處。

石門鎮(zhèn)壘石為門，一條長約百米、寬僅三尺的壘石弄便是吳越分界線，南為越，北為吳，涇渭分明。

烏鎮(zhèn)同樣的劍拔弩張，明代李樂在《重修烏青鎮(zhèn)志》中記曰：“鎮(zhèn)，周屬吳，吳戍兵備越，名為戍?！碑?dāng)時，吳國在烏鎮(zhèn)布置了兵力，衛(wèi)戍邊境。

昔時千金鄉(xiāng)有烽火樓、千人坡，今屠甸鎮(zhèn)遺有范蠡湖。

濮院古稱槜李墟，向為“吳越往來孔道”，境內(nèi)吳越遺跡眾多，如語兒亭、槜李亭、范蠡塢（藏兵塢）、洗足灘、胭脂匯、西子妝樓及妝橋，運(yùn)河之北則有走馬岡、洗馬池。鎮(zhèn)東國界橋一帶的南北草蕩，舊為濮院東郊，是吳越兩國的分界線。

吳越爭霸在桐鄉(xiāng)一邑留下的人文傳說極其豐富，人文古跡亦相當(dāng)密集，如把桐鄉(xiāng)境內(nèi)吳越征戰(zhàn)的遺跡串連起來，就可以還原當(dāng)時兩國戰(zhàn)爭的基本態(tài)勢，在長達(dá)三十多年的鼓角爭鳴、刀光劍影中，桐鄉(xiāng)這個主戰(zhàn)場既遭受了冷兵器時代的戰(zhàn)爭洗劫，又成為了吳越文化的交匯地。

吳風(fēng)越韻對于桐鄉(xiāng)的歷史影響深入骨髓，血脈相連。桐鄉(xiāng)的人文既蘊(yùn)含了古越的硬朗，又蘊(yùn)含了姑蘇的柔美，呈現(xiàn)出極其豐盈的文化魅力。

梧桐之鄉(xiāng) 人文璀璨

在桐鄉(xiāng)的發(fā)展史上，宋代是一個最重要的時期。靖康之難發(fā)生后，宋室南渡。在今桐鄉(xiāng)境內(nèi)，當(dāng)時有很多北宋官民擇地定居。宋室宗親趙氏一族由開封遷居洲泉，紹興十年（1140），后代趙汝愚出生。趙汝愚少年勤學(xué)，心懷大志，宋孝宗乾道二年（1166），青年趙汝愚擢進(jìn)士第一，從此踏上政壇，官至右丞相，為一代忠臣良相。北宋著作郎兼羽林中尉、護(hù)圣軍右騎尉濮鳳則定居到了濮院，樂志耕桑，經(jīng)營家業(yè)。至元代，濮氏后人濮鑒始創(chuàng)“濮綢”品牌，帶動了一方經(jīng)濟(jì)與文化的發(fā)展。

北人南遷帶來的中原文明，使桐鄉(xiāng)真正開辟了鴻蒙。從那時起，桐鄉(xiāng)大地呈現(xiàn)的人文氣象是何等的激蕩人心！

崇文重教，科名蔚起。自宋而降，桐邑教育向為官方與民間辦學(xué)并舉，崇德縣縣學(xué)始創(chuàng)于北宋元豐八年（1085），桐鄉(xiāng)縣縣學(xué)在明宣德五年（1430）設(shè)縣之初同步創(chuàng)建。宋代的輔廣、清代的張履祥先后從祀孔廟，這是天下多少讀書人的夢想。歷代從祀孔廟的先賢、先儒156位，其中嘉興4位，而桐鄉(xiāng)獨(dú)占兩席，可謂是儒林殊榮。明末清初杰出的學(xué)者、思想家、詩人和時文評論家、出版家呂留良，也是在桐鄉(xiāng)橫空出世的又一位大儒。

中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文化史上的桐鄉(xiāng)，人才輩出，群星燦爛。茅盾、豐子愷、太虛法師、金仲華、陸費(fèi)逵、錢君匋、徐肖冰、木心……這些名字，代表著他們在各自領(lǐng)域里的大師、大家地位。2020年，浩瀚的太空中，閃耀著一顆“豐子愷星”。

中共一大“衛(wèi)士”、烏鎮(zhèn)女子王會悟，著名紅軍將領(lǐng)、石門女杰張琴秋，曠代清才、女子先驅(qū)、烏鎮(zhèn)才女湯國梨，秋瑾摯友、巾幗英雄、崇德的徐自華徐蘊(yùn)華姐妹……她們都是桐鄉(xiāng)這方熱土孕育的中華女杰。

以文塑城 風(fēng)雅之地

近年來，桐鄉(xiāng)市把“建設(shè)人文名城，打造風(fēng)雅桐鄉(xiāng)”確定為桐鄉(xiāng)城市發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，打響了一系列具有一定知名度和影響力的文化品牌，文化金名片越擦越亮。

“名人文化”融入城市靈魂。二十世紀(jì)八十年代，桐鄉(xiāng)就擁有了茅盾故居、豐子愷故居緣緣堂、君匋藝術(shù)院“三只金鳳凰”。后來，又陸續(xù)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建成了徐肖冰侯波紀(jì)念館、豐子愷漫畫館、木心美術(shù)館、金仲華故居、陸費(fèi)逵圖書館等名人文化場館。這些名人場館，有5家通過了國家三級博物館的運(yùn)行評定，桐鄉(xiāng)也是浙江省三級博物館數(shù)量最多的縣，在全省文博事業(yè)發(fā)展水平評估中，桐鄉(xiāng)也始終在全省縣（市、區(qū)）名列前茅。君匋藝術(shù)院擁有錢君匋先生畢生收藏的明、清及近現(xiàn)代珍貴文物4083件（其中一級文物24件，二級文物97件，三級文物409件），無論是館藏量還是珍貴程度在全國縣級市中首屈一指。2020年底，投資15億元的豐子愷藝術(shù)中心奠基開工，一個新的文化地標(biāo)即將在桐鄉(xiāng)誕生。依托群星璀璨的名人文化，桐鄉(xiāng)近年來持續(xù)打造了一批國字號名人文化品牌活動，如茅盾文學(xué)新人獎、茅盾文學(xué)新人獎·網(wǎng)絡(luò)文學(xué)新人獎、“子愷杯”中國漫畫大展、豐子愷散文獎、金仲華國研杯征文頒獎活動、“徐肖冰杯”中國紀(jì)實(shí)攝影展等。名人文化日益成為桐鄉(xiāng)一張亮麗的名片。

“伯鴻系列”閱讀品牌深入人心。在桐鄉(xiāng)，每月一期的伯鴻講堂，激發(fā)著全民追星的熱潮。伯鴻講堂是桐鄉(xiāng)市攜手中華書局開設(shè)的高層次高規(guī)格的全民公益講座，以陸費(fèi)逵先生字命名，王蒙、康震、李伯重、辛德勇等名家曾受邀現(xiàn)場授課。近年致力打造的伯鴻系列閱讀平臺，成為了桐鄉(xiāng)最受歡迎的民心工程。2018年，率先啟用的鳳凰湖伯鴻城市書房，因其高顔值高品位，迅速成為桐鄉(xiāng)市民網(wǎng)紅打卡地，每月打卡人數(shù)達(dá)到2萬人次。截至2020年底，全市建成了輻射城鄉(xiāng)的16個伯鴻城市書房、46家伯鴻?quán)l(xiāng)村書屋、46家伯鴻書屋，“十分鐘閱讀圈”迅速形成。桐鄉(xiāng)還連續(xù)多年舉辦全國性讀書大獎“伯鴻書香獎”，致力于推動全民閱讀，真正讓經(jīng)典走進(jìn)大眾、讓閱讀成為時尚。

“地方戲劇”品牌顯露頭角。運(yùn)河水流淌不息，植根深厚的文脈，使桐鄉(xiāng)的地方戲劇也一枝獨(dú)秀，成為“中國新戲劇之鄉(xiāng)”：桐鄉(xiāng)有40多支民間戲曲藝術(shù)團(tuán)隊，常態(tài)化舉辦戲曲活動和賽事等;如承辦中央電視臺戲曲頻道“過把癮·桐鄉(xiāng)行”，舉辦中國·桐鄉(xiāng)小戲藝術(shù)邀請展、江浙滬現(xiàn)代小戲邀請賽等。培養(yǎng)了一批地方戲劇人才，尤其重視少兒戲曲藝術(shù)傳承;培育一大批“小戲迷”，建立了5個傳承基地，每年開展培訓(xùn)150多期，組織優(yōu)秀“小戲迷”參加央視戲曲頻道“一鳴驚人”大賽，有5名“小戲迷”摘得“全國少兒戲曲小梅花薈萃”金花獎;連續(xù)舉辦七屆的烏鎮(zhèn)戲劇節(jié)譽(yù)滿全球，共有世界各地戲劇大師的118部特邀劇目在戲劇節(jié)演出，累計吸引觀眾超100萬，已成為國際知名戲劇節(jié)，也是國內(nèi)最具規(guī)模、最深入人心的戲劇節(jié)。

隨著風(fēng)雅桐鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)的深入，獨(dú)具桐鄉(xiāng)特色的文化品牌活動越來越多。 綿延永續(xù)的人文淵藪，使桐鄉(xiāng)的風(fēng)雅從骨子里透露了出來，由內(nèi)而外、元?dú)庳S沛、神采飛揚(yáng)。

Tongxiang： Cultural Charm and Celebrities

A Chinese proverb states “in heaven there is paradise， on earth Suzhou and Hangzhou”， likening the two cities in the Yangtze River Delta to heavenly beauty and prosperity. Tongxiang， a county-level city of Jiaxing in northern Zhejiang， lies between Suzhou and Hangzhou. Archaeological discoveries demonstrate that Tongxiang was home to some regional primitive cultures that date back to 5，000， 6，000， even 7，000 years ago. If Tongxiang used to be a conspicuous landmark of a civilization， then it is a city of cultural charm， historical significance and celebrities.

A typical flatland traversed by rivers and canals， Tongxiang does not look like a strategic spot that warring states fight to seize， but about 2，500 years ago， it witnessed fierce battles between Wu State in the north and the Yue State in the South. It was the main battleground between the two archrivals. Historians and geographers can pinpoint to places in Tongxiang and say what happened there so many centuries ago. At Shimen Town， there remains a 100-meter-long， 1-meter-wide stone lane， part of a borderline of the two states. The narrow lane was flanked on either side by a stone wall. The northern wall marked the Wu and on the other side was the Yue. The borderline zigzagged across Tongxiang. Jiuligang， a river which still exists today， was part of the borderline. A bridge on the river is called Guojie Bridge， literally “state borderline bridge”. In fact， there are numerous historical sites dotted across Tongxiang. If one visits them and learn about them， one can easily string together a long story about the 30-plus years when the two states were at war with each other.

Another important turning point in the history of Tongxiang happened during the Song Dynasty （960-1279）. After the Northern Song （960-1127） crashed， the imperial house came southward and the dynasty reestablished itself in present-day Hangzhou. The new dynasty is now known as the Southern Song （1127-1279）. Following the imperial house to the south were numerous people from the north. About 65 kilometers northeast of the capital city of the dynasty， Tongxiang became a place where many refugees settled down and started a new life. Zhao Ruyu， born in Tongxiang in 1140， was a child of a branch of the royal house. In 1166 he came out as examinee number one of the imperial examination. His political career climaxed when he was appointed a prime minister. Pu Feng， a high-ranking official， settled down in Tongxiang and started a business. Pu Jian， a descendant of Pu Feng， started a silk brand in the Yuan Dynasty （1279-1368）. The place where the Pu family lived and prospered is now known as Puyuan.

Culture came southward with the refugees. Tongxiang benefited hugely from this wave of triggered-by-war migration. Local residents of today consider the Song Dynasty as an epoch of enlightenment. In a response to the education undertakings of the Song Dynasty， schools flourished in Tongxiang in the Song and the following dynasties. The county school of Chongde， predecessor of and now part of Tongxiang， started in 1085. The county school of Tongxiang started in 1430 when Tongxiang County was set up. Fu Guang of the Song Dynasty and Zhang Lyuxiang of the Qing Dynasty （1644-1911）， both natives of Tongxiang， were two of the 156 Confucian scholars and masters officially honored in the Confucius Temple in the dynasties of the feudal China. Of the 156， four were from Jiaxing; of the four， two were from Tongxiang， part of Jiaxing.

Strangely enough， Fu Guang and Zhang Lyuxiang honored at the Confucius Temple are not the most famous stars of Tongxiang. Lyu Liuliang （1624-1683）， a scholar， poet， publisher， literary critic， philosopher of the Qing Dynasty， is a historical figure better renowned than the two. Moreover， Tongxiang has produced a galaxy of celebrities and historical figures since the end of the Qing Dynasty in 1911.

Tongxiang now promotes its cultural legacy proudly and untiringly. The citys cultural undertakings focus on cultural celebrities， books， and regional theater. The former residence of Mao Dun in Wuzhen， the former residence of Feng Zhikai in Shimen， and Juntao Art Academy in the city proper of Tongxiang are the best known celebrity-themed places in Tongxiang. Newly added to the celebrity-related institutions are Hou Bo & Xu Xiaobing Photography Museum， the former residence of Jin Zhonghua， Mu Xin Art Museum， and Wu Peng Art Academy. The construction of Feng Zikai Art Center， with an investment of 1.5 billion yuan， started at the end of 2020. In fact， Tongxiang has the largest number of class-three museums in the province. The city holds numerous exhibitions a year. In 2019， the exhibitions and similar events in Tongxiang attracted 6.56 million visitors. Wuzhen， a canal town where the former residence of Mao Dun is located， pulls in five million visitors a year. Many of the events and exhibitions are held to honor cultural celebrities of Tongxiang. For example， two literary prizes are issued respectively to young writers and young novelists whose works are first published online in the name of Mao Dun， a national cartoon exhibition and an essay competition are held in the name of Feng Zikai. An exhibition of documentary photography is held in honor of Xu Xiaobing， a revolutionary photo journalist famed for his historical photos.

Lufei Kui （1886-1941）， a native of Tongxiang， was a publisher and educator. In 1912， he founded Zhonghua Book Company， which is one of the most prestigious publishing houses in China engaged in printing classical and traditional studies and dictionaries. The book-reading project in Tongxiang is named after him. In partnership with Zhonghua Book Company， Tongxiang holds a regular lecture at which some cultural celebrities and masters have spoken. In 2018， the city set up a series of public reading rooms across Tongxiang. Nowadays， there are 112 libraries and reading rooms in the rural and urban regions of Tongxiang. These facilities receive about 2.5 million visits a year.

Tongxiang celebrates its tradition and culture by conducting a theater project. The centerpiece is Wuzhen Theater Festival inaugurated in 2014. So far， the event has staged 118 plays by international troupes and counted one million theatergoers. It is the most influential and largest theater festival in China. Moreover， the city has 40-plus folk troupes that stage performances regularly. The city also conducts a series of training and competition for young theater talents. Five youngsters from Tongxiang have won awards at the national theater performance competition for youngsters.