英文摘要

SpatialPoliticsandMessianisminTheYiddishPolicemen’sUnion/LIFeng

Abstract： Michael Chabon’s novelTheYiddishPolicemen’sUnionis a work of alternate history and a detective story, which is set in an imagined settlement for Jewish refugees in Sitka, Alaska, established in WWII. It gives an account of the protagonist’s investigation into a mysterious murder case and his ultimate discovery of a political conspiracy. The novel is actually a “spatial story” with various border crossing and boundary manipulation, which shows the complicated relationships between Jews and non-Jews, between orthodox Jews and secular Jews, and the modern state of Israel in miniature. The paper will focus on some of these spatial elements in the novel, especially the images of desert island and eruv in Alaska, and explore their roles in the formation and negotiation of Jewish identity. It will also try to excavate some of the hidden ideological messages, including Chabon’s satirical allusion to the modern state of Israel, and his complicated attitudes towards Jewish Zionism and Messianism.

Keywords： Michael Chabon; alternate history fiction; Jewish identity; Zionism; Messianism

Trans-DimensionalCounterattacks:TheUtopian-NostalgicConstructionsinHerlandandWithHerinOurland/QITaoYANGTiantian

Abstract： From the perspective of the latest theory of nostalgia, this paper explores Gilman’s utopian-nostalgic constructions inHerlandandOurlandin terms of those of an idealized time-space, idealized social bonds and the nostalgic self, following the theoretical reflections on the relations between nostalgia and utopia.To some extent, such constructions serve to compensate symbolically for Gilman’s lack of a sense of belonging in reality, but its efficiency is relatively limited.The reasons lie firstly in her serious crisis of belonging brought by modernity and family trauma, and secondly in her lack of social capitals to bargain with the reality, both of which contribute to her inability to construct a spiritual homeland closer to real life.Radical and progressive as Gilman’s trans-dimensional counterattacks may seem, they in fact reflect her helplessness and compromise.

Keywords： Gilman; nostalgia; utopia;Herland;WithHerinOurland

Temporal-SpatialDisplacementandtheSplitSubject:CulturalIdentityofOverseasJapaneseinAPaleViewofHills/HUBaopingCHENYuan

Abstract： As the construction of subjectivity depends much on the identification with what Jacques Lacan refers to as “the Other” to acquire an image of the self, the subject is profoundly social, historical and cultural in nature. Accordingly, the failure to identify and the splitting of the subject in specific time and space may be interpreted as a symptom of the destroyed socio-cultural order. Through the first person narrator Etsuko’s relation of her experiences after the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Kazuo Ishiguro’s novelAFaintViewofHillsexplores how socio-culturally rooted Japanese immigrants’ split subjectivity proves. The Japanese women’s failed pursuit of identity in both her local tradition and the Western world in the novel reveals the contradiction and the split in the Japanese cultural order after World War II, and exposes the spatial and discursive marginalization that overseas Japanese, especially women, suffered both at home and and overseas.

Keywords： split subject；temporal-spatial displacement; overseas Japanese; cultural identity

KazuoIshiguro’sTheBuriedGiantandtheWritingof“theImaginedCommunity”/ZHOU Li-qiu

Abstract： Under the surface of oblivion, Ishiguro’s new book,TheBuriedGiant, hides a false peace, ethnic prejudice and the threat of war, which is precisely caused by the narrow nationalist stance, resulting from the conflict between nations and states.Kazuo Ishiguro, a self-described internationalist writer, has a writing philosophy that coincides with the idea of “a community of the shared future for mankind” advocated by President Xi Jinping.Unlike other war novels that focus on the process of war, the buried giant reflects on “what is true peace”, namely, transcending the limitations of nation-state and building a community of the shared future for mankind based on the concept of peaceful coexistence, on which stands the contemporary community of the shared future for mankind.However, in today’s world dominated by nations and states, it is necessary to correctly understand and handle the relationship between “common interests of mankind” and “national and national interests.”

Keywords： Kazuo Ishiguro;TheBuriedGiant; community with the shared future；peace；nation；country

TheNarrativeFeaturesofStampAlbum/YANJiqingSONGYaqiang

Abstract： Stamp Album is an important work of contemporary Russian poet, translator and essayist Sergeyev, winner of the1996Russian Booker Prize.The work is moving with its plain narrative,prose language, and its poetic extraction and conveyance of the impressions of the times.This rheological impression is achieved by selecting, conveying and reflecting on events through the narrative’s multi-functional ‘I’ and enhancing the narrative style by emphasizing the ‘I’, just as the Impressionists do with the delicacy of light, shade and colour blocks.The synthesis of various literary means creates a strong impression: underneath the seemingly uneventful and calm life, there are great or small conflicts of the times; it contains all the warmth and beauty, as well as all the absurdity and coldness.All these impressions originate from the simple “I” of the young poet’s heart, the passionate feelings of the young poet’s “I”, and the poetic narrative of the work itself.This paper attempts to analyze the narrative and poetic functions of the “I” in the work.

Keywords： Stamp Album; I; narrative function; poetic function; poetic narrative

ThePursuerofPoeticsSystem:OntheOriginofGenette’sParatexts/LIUXiaoyan

Abstract： Since France narratologist Genette Gerard put forward Paratexts Theory, it becomes the focus of the theoretical circle, which is closely related to the theoretical basis, subject background and systematic study concept. This article will study the three aspects of the paratexts theory, including the basis of structural linguistics, the evolution of theoretical paradigm and the construction of narrative poetics system, finding that the structure and hypothesis of Paratexts are not only affected by the research paradigms of Saussure’s structural linguistics, but also inspired by Kristeva’s Intertextuality. Besides, Genette’s paratexts theory as the important part of his narrative poetics system has played a role in the development of the theory.

Keywords： Genette Gerard; Paratexts Theory; structural linguistics; intertextuality; narrative

OntheTheoreticalResourcesofLiteraryAffectStudy/LIANGFujiang

Abstract： Since ancient times, affect has been the focus of philosophical proposition.The close relationship between literature and affect is also one of the concerns of many literary scholars. In the context of the Affective Turn, literary critics not only explore literary characters’ emotions with the help of the affect theory, but also pay attention to all kinds of complicated emotions in The Anthropocene revealed by literary works. The Cognitive Turn, especially the development of cognitive neuroscience, provides a feasible scientific basis for the study of readers’ emotional experience, and the theoretical framework of affective narratolgoy has opened a new dimension for literary affect study and pushed it to a new height.

Keywords： affect; affective turn; cognitive turn; affective narratology

InterpretatingtheNamingofKarlRo?mann:AnAnalysisofFranzKafka’sDerVerschollene/YANGLingyi

Abstract： Karl Ro?mann is the name of the protagonist in Franz Kafka’s novelDerVerschollene, with “Ro?mann” (i.e., “hourse man”) as his family name, which reveals his nature as an “incomplete human.” In addition, this name is derived from the expression “Ro? und Mann” used in the Luther’s German Bible, the relative descriptions of which carry a foreshadowing of his Odyssey determined by fate. Last but not the least, to construct the relation between the hours figure inDerVerscholleneand that in Kafka’sDerneueAdvokatandEinLandarztis illuminating for the interpretation of the naming of Ro?man.

Keywords： Kafka; Der Verschollene; Ro?mann; naming

TheRopeGroup’sLiteraryConnectionswithGurdjieff/LIMoPUHaifeng

Abstract： As a popular Guru in the 1920s and 1930s, George Gurdjieff not only established the Institute of Human Harmonious Development in Paris to promote his the Fourth Way esoteric system, but also formed a study group called “the Rope Group” with several expatriate ladies, mainly for disseminating his ideas. In the course of his teachings, Gurdjieff and his students exchange ideas about occultism as well as literary creation based on their common interests in writing. The members of the Rope Group also combined their personal development with the spiritual work by drawing on each other’s strength, in order to internalize Guidjieff’s occultism and conduct the collective writing experiment. The exchange between Gurdjieff and his students increased the quantity of their creation and influenced the techniques, the themes and the ideas of their works.

Keywords： Gurdjieff; the Rope Group; literary connection; the Fourth Way

TheWarningsof“Monster”and“Plague”:AnEcocriticalInterpretationofMaryShelley’sTwoNovels/YUANYuwei

Abstract： In the early 19thcentury, the rapid development of technology and industry in England brought about the estrangement and rupture of human-nature relation for the first time. An ecocritical interpretation of Mary Shelley’s two novelsFrankensteinandTheLastManshows that unfettered scientific research and reckless nature exploitation would bring about “monster” or “plague”, causing destruction to human beings. This demonstrates her concern about the alienation of human-nature relation in consequence of human beings’ scientific ambition and anthropocentric attitude. Mary Shelley’s warnings against the limit of science and the Anthropocentrism hit the nail on the head in the present post-pandemic era.

Keywords： Mary Shelley; monster; plague; human-nature relation; ecocriticism

WhyDoestheRobotKill?:AnalyzingtheViewonAILifeinMoxon’sMaster/QIJiamin

Abstract： American writer Ambrose Bierce createdMoxon’sMasterat the beginning of the 20thcentury, foreseeing the upcoming possibility of artificial intelligence and the relating robotethical problems. The questionable title and Moxon’s death as the ending of the short story constitute sarcasms on Moxon’s view on artificial life and its evolution of machine. Through unravelling discussions of “machines—artificial life” from modern European philosophies, Moxon establishes a logical possibility of artificial life and evolution of machines. However, the chess automaton/robot eventually loses control and kills its creator during its evolution. The robot-killing ending invokes its readers’ awareness of the unavoidable and unpredictable defect of human nature in the evolution of artificial life, which might lead to their volatile evolution and development.

Keywords： Ambrose Bierce;Moxon’sMaster; robot; artificial life; evolution

AnInterpretationofRobertFrost’sPoems:ATextWorldView/ZOUZhiyong

Abstract： Robert Frost is regarded as one of the best poets in modern and contemporary American literature. Simple as they may seem, Frost’s poems are, actually, very complicated. However, they can be simplified by using text world theory as an analysis tool and the hidden themes can be revealed accordingly. In Frost’s poems, the dual sources of text worlds’ production determine the heteronomous principle in the interpretation of the poetic themes. The interpretation, as an interaction between readers and the poet across time and space, should cover the innate attributes as well as the external elements in the production of the text worlds. The function advancing in Frost’s poems is operated in a multi-level mode. It goes from the single-level function advancing to that of the multi-level function. In Frost’s poems, it is a common phenomenon that sub-worlds are generated from text worlds, which is also one of the approaches to the interpretation of themes in Frost’s poems, because the generation of sub-worlds can lead to the dislocation of poems’ viewpoints. The dislocation of the viewpoints would reveal the themes of poems in a direct or indirect way.

Keywords： text world; Frost; heteronomous study; multi-level function advancing; dislocation of viewpoints

AStudyoftheLucy-ImagefromthePerspectiveofExpressionistPoetics/BAOGuiyingRENYuhan

Abstract： William Wordsworth, an world-renown romantic poet, is the pioneer and practitioner of the British Poetics of Expressive Theory. He develops the very theory into a new stage by voicing his strong personal feelings and giving full play to his rich imagination in order to praise nature. In addition, Wordsworth excels in exploring the true meaning of beauty from the combination of man and nature. The collection of Lucy Poems, composed between 1798 and 1799, created such an image of Beauty, which shows the poet’s pursuit for the way of nature and for the unity of heaven and man. Based on the Poetics of Expressive Theory, this paper will explore the great Beauty of Nature, Ideal and Love behind Lucy.

Keywords： Poetics of Expressive Theory; unity of man and nature; image; beauty; Lucy

AbundanceofPain：OnByron’sOceanExperienceandOceanExpression/SUNXiaobo

Abstract： Based on the profound inner tragedy and rich external pain, Byron frequently faced, experienced and described the ocean, and presented the following characteristics: First, Byron repeatedly transplanted his bitter experience of leaving his hometown and crossing the sea into his works, formed a fixed expression and Byron model in world literature. Second, Byron praised the greatness and eternity of the sea, and contrasted the smallness and helplessness of human beings with the constancy of the ocean, and fleeting of history. Third, Byron loved nature and longed for freedom. In his works, ocean is not only the symbol of freedom (political freedom and spiritual freedom, individual freedom and universal freedom), but also the “spirit” of nature, with distinct romantic feelings, tragic details and pantheism color. Ocean is a symbol of Byron’s life, spirit and important creative element.

Keywords： Byron; pain; ocean experience; ocean writing