良莊 中國共產(chǎn)黨外交工作的重要發(fā)祥地

良莊，位于今重慶市渝中區(qū)棗子嵐埡正街馬鞍山村18號(hào)，重慶市重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。這里曾是沈鈞儒、史良、李公樸、黃炎培等著名愛國民主人士議事和聚會(huì)的重要場(chǎng)所，是中國民主黨派的發(fā)祥地之一，也是中國共產(chǎn)黨外交工作的重要發(fā)祥地。

良莊原是重慶久裕錢莊協(xié)理李正銓（字量才）的產(chǎn)業(yè)，由3幢小樓房組成，自上而下分別取名為良莊、孝第、厚廬?？谷諔?zhàn)爭時(shí)期，全國各界救國聯(lián)合會(huì)常務(wù)委員沈鈞儒和王炳南、王安娜夫婦租住在孝第。

良莊、孝第和厚廬建設(shè)于20世紀(jì)30年代后期，位于棗子嵐埡馬鞍山，抗日戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期門牌為棗子嵐埡83號(hào)。3幢樓房分別以李量才長子李忠良、次子李忠孝、三子李忠厚的名字取名。樓房呈“工”字形布局，良莊、厚廬為二層樓房;孝第在地面上為三層，東側(cè)房間下有一石拱券地下室。樓房系小青瓦頂，磚木結(jié)構(gòu)，四周有青磚圍墻，墻上抹有石灰。三幢樓房前各開有一扇木門，良莊與孝第之間有一石梯相通。

1939年“七君子事件”后，沈鈞儒、茅盾在良莊客居，周恩來、葉挺、王若飛、王炳南、馮玉祥、于右任、田漢、郭沫若、沙千里、張申府等經(jīng)常到此議事。史良、鄒韜奮、李公樸、黃炎培等也在棗子嵐埡馬鞍山周邊等處租住。由此，馬鞍山村18號(hào)成就中國抗日民主統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的一段佳話。

同年，在周恩來同志的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，王炳南、王安娜夫婦在此成立中共中央南方局外事組，這也是中共第二個(gè)正式外事機(jī)構(gòu)。期間，外事組與美國顧問拉摩爾、中印緬戰(zhàn)區(qū)美軍司令史迪威、英國駐華大使卡爾、著名作家海明威、記者愛潑斯坦等進(jìn)行了聯(lián)絡(luò)，有力地提升了中國共產(chǎn)黨的國際影響力，為維護(hù)和鞏固國際統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線起到了重要的作用。新中國成立后，原南方局外事組工作人員大都成為了政務(wù)院外交部骨干。

1945年，沈鈞儒在良莊主持召開中國人民救國會(huì)第一次常委會(huì)議。重慶談判期間，毛澤東、周恩來曾前來良莊與沈鈞儒會(huì)晤。良莊也是僅次于特園的各民主黨派和進(jìn)步人士聚會(huì)座談、共商國是的重要場(chǎng)所。

2017年7月，重慶市渝中區(qū)啟動(dòng)“馬鞍山傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)貌區(qū)”整治修復(fù)工程，對(duì)包括沈鈞儒舊居在內(nèi)的65棟老歷史建筑進(jìn)行保護(hù)性修繕。良莊記錄了抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期沈鈞儒與眾多民主人士的奮斗歷程和生活軌跡，見證了抗戰(zhàn)歷史的風(fēng)云變幻，是重慶抗戰(zhàn)文化的珍貴遺產(chǎn)。

編輯/賀煜

Located at 18， Ma’anshan Village， Zaozilanya， Yuzhong District， Chongqing， Liangzhuang is a major cultural relics protection unit in Chongqing. Once a key place for Shen Junru， Shi Liang， Li Gongpu， Huang Yanpei and other prominent patriotic democrats to meet and talk， Liangzhuang is one of the birthplaces of China's democratic parties as well as a critical provenance of the diplomatic work of the Communist Party of China.

An original asset of Li Zhengquan （literary name： Liangcai）， assistant manager of Chongqing Jiuyu Qianzhuang （old-style Chinese private bank）， Liangzhuang is composed of three small buildings， respectively named Liangzhuang， Xiaodi and Houlu from top to bottom. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， Shen Junru， standing member of the National Salvation Federation of all walks of life， Wang Bingnan and Anna Wang （Martens Annaliese） lived and worked in Xiaodi.

Constructed in the late 1930s， Liangzhuang， Xiaodi and Houlu are located in Ma'anshan， Zaozilanya. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， the house number was 83， Zaozilanya. The three small buildings were respectively named after Li Liangcai's sons， the eldest son Li Zhongliang， the second son Li Zhongxiao and the youngest son Li Zhonghou. Assuming the inverted "H" shape， Liangzhuang and Houlu are two-story buildings; while Xiaodi is a three-story building above the ground with a stone arch basement under the east rooms. A small grey-tile roof in brick and wood structure， the buildings are surrounded by gray brick walls with lime sprayed on them. There is a wooden door in front of each of the three buildings， and a stone ladder between Liangzhuang and Xiaodi.

After the "Seven Gentlemen Incident" in 1939， Shen Junru and Maodun settled in the surrounding areas of Liangzhuang. Zhou Enlai， Ye Ting， Wang Ruofei， Wang Bingnan， Feng Yuxiang， Yu Youren， Tian Han， Guo Moruo， Sha Qianli and Zhang Shenfu often met here for discussion. Shi Liang， Zou Taofen， Li Gongpu and Huang Yanpei also rented in the surrounding areas， such as Zaozilanya and Ma'anshan. Thus， a legend about China's Anti-Japanese National United Front was left.

In the same year， under the leadership of Comrade Zhou Enlai， Wang Bingnan and Anna Wang established the Foreign Affairs Group of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee， the second official foreign affairs organization of the CPC. During this period， the Foreign Affairs Group contacted with American adviser Owen Lattimore， General Stilwell， commander of US Forces in the China-Burma-India Theater， Sir Archibald Clark-Kerr， the British Ambassador to China， famous writer Ernest Hemingway and journalist Israel Epstein here， effectively improved the international influence of the Communist Party of China and played a vital role in maintaining and consolidating the international united front. After the founding of People's Republic of China， most former staff of the Foreign Affairs Group of the Southern Bureau became the backbone of the Government Administration Council and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

In 1945， Shen Junru presided over the first standing committee meeting of the "Chinese People's National Salvation Association" in Liangzhuang. During the Chongqing Negotiations， Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai came here to meet with Shen Junru. It is also a key site for democratic parties and progressive democrats， second only to Teyuan， to meet and discuss national issues jointly.

In July 2017， Yuzhong District of Chongqing launched the renovation project of "Ma'anshan traditional district"， conducting protective repairs to 65 old historical buildings， including Shen Junru's former residence. Liangzhuang has recorded the grappling journey and life trajectory of Shen Junru and many democrats during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression， seen the vicissitudes for decades， and thus can be deemed as a precious heritage of Chongqing's anti-Japanese war culture.

Editor/He Yu