Abstracts

The Entry into Force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement and Energy Cooperation within the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (5)

Xu Qinhua Yuan Miao

【Abstract】Since 1989,the APEC economies have carried out a series of multilateral energy cooperation within the mechanism.The cooperation has a solid foundation and great potential because of such characteristics as a significant increase in the demand for green development,increased complementarity of energy cooperation,more important role of sub-regional cooperation to promote regional development,and the fundamental role of energy cooperation initiative.On November 15,2020,the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) was concluded,establishing the largest free trade area involving 15 economies.The signing of the agreement has effectively upheld the principle of multilateralism,promoted the establishment of the Common Asian Energy Market,optimized the content and scope of cooperation,expanded cooperation entities,and maintained the transparency and facilitation of trade and investment.The free trade area of RCEP has an important “spillover” effect on the APEC energy cooperation mechanism.It not only meets the demands of energy cooperation and green development,but also improves the effectiveness of the existing energy cooperation initiative.In addition,the institutionalized energy cooperation will also be established in the new context.

【Key Words】APEC,RCEP,International energy cooperation,regional energy cooperation.

【Authors】Xu Qinhua,Professor of the School of International Studies,Renmin University of China,whose research focuses on energy and sustainable development and regional and country studies;Yuan Miao,Ph.D.Candidate of the School of International Studies,Renmin University of China,whose research focuses on international energy cooperation and politics and economy in South and Southeast Asia.

Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Regional Governance of Cyber Terrorism (20)

Jiang Yehao Liu Xuedi

【Abstract】Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a significant regional security public goods in Eurasia.It has taken regional governance measures against cyber terrorism,the new security threat,but encountered a few problems which influenced the effectiveness of governance.Based on the theory of regional public goods,this paper explains how SCO supplies its members with the anti-cyber-terrorism regional security public goods through building consensus,improving mechanism,and conducting joint exercises.In addition,this paper discusses the difficulties that SCO has met in the mechanism,variety and quality of the public goods,so as to help improve SCO’s supply of the public goods of anti-cyberterrorism regional security in the future.

【Key Words】Shanghai Cooperation Organization,regional governance,regional security public goods,cyber terrorism

【Authors】Jiang Yehao,Graduate Student at the School of International Relations and Diplomacy,Beijing Foreign Studies University,whose academic interest is global governance;Liu Xuedi,Graduate Student at the School of International Relations and Diplomacy,Beijing Foreign Studies University,whose academic interest is Russian politics.

A Study on Membership Expansion under Multi-Level Functional Compensation——Taking the Expansion of Shanghai Cooperation Organization as an Example (34)

Peng Xin

【Abstract】It is often assumed that international institutions facing the need for quality improvement should prioritize internal development rather than outward expansion.However,an empirical observation of the first round of SCO expansion reveals that despite problems in its internal institution-building,it has completed its expansion and continued to operate.Why did the system with more pressing need for quality improvement make the choice of expansion? From the perspective of cross-regional study,the SCO faces a structural inefficiency that is difficult to get over in the short term because of the heterogeneous nature of the member states,the consensus principle of the decision-making mechanism and the functional competition of the external system.The expansion of membership can compensate for the institutional gains by incorporating alternative resources,expanding the path of cooperation,and strengthening the impact of the cross-regional system at the international,regional,and individual national levels.Membership expansion in the context of structural inefficiency,with “multi-level functional compensation” as the core,is confirmed in the case of SCO expansion.

【Key Words】inefficient institution,membership expansion,functional compensation,SCO

【Author】Peng Xin,Ph.D.Candidate of China Foreign Affairs University,whose research interests are diplomacy and China-Russia relations.

US-ASEAN Security Interaction Mechanism:Developments,Motivations and Prospects (50)

Jing Lina

【Abstract】Driven by the adjustment of the US National Security Strategy and the expansion of foreign cooperation;the strengthening of ASEAN’s central status and the implementation of Balance of Powers Strategy of member countries;the changes in the security scene in the Asia-Pacific region and the strengths of major powers,the security interaction between the United States and ASEAN shows some institutionalized characteristics such as the integration of rule-level strategic communication and treaty governance;the combination of traditional security and non-traditional security;and the merge of the US-centered bilateral and multilateral cooperation.The US-ASEAN security interaction mechanism has a far-reaching influence on the implementation of the US National Security Strategy,the deepening of cooperation between the US and ASEAN countries,and the balance of the influence of major powers in Southeast Asia.In the future,the development of the US-ASEAN security interaction mechanism will be affected by the adjustment of the US National Security Strategy,ASEAN policy orientation,and the degree of intervention by major powers.

【Key Words】the United States,ASEAN,security interaction mechanism,security community

【Authors】Jing Lina,PhD Candidate of the School of International Studies of Jinan University,whose research focuses on public diplomacy,the United States and Southeast Asia.

Spain’s Export Destination and Export Sophistication in the Context of EU “Reindustrialization”——From the Perspective of Global Economic Governance (71)

Sui Guangjun Yu Qingyi

【Abstract】Based on Spain’s export data from 2008 to 2017,the study empirically analyzes the heterogeneous impact of export destination on the export sophistication since the economic crisis,discusses the strategic choice on export destination of Spain in the context of EU “reindustrialization” and its path to deal with the transition of global economic governance.The study finds that Spain’s GDP per capital has a significant positive effect on the increase of export sophistication,which can effectively promote industrial revitalization.In the post-crisis era,developing countries,especially the Asian markets,play a greater role in promoting the transformation and upgrading of Spain’s export structure.It is proposed that Spain should base upon the manufacturing industry to diversify its export destinations,and actively promote the transition of global economic governance to cooperation between East and West.

【Key Words】reindustrialization,Spain,export sophistication,global economic governance

【Authors】Sui Guangjun,Executive Vice president,Professor and Doctoral Supervisor of Guangdong Institute for International Strategies,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,whose research focuses on global economic governance and industrial economics;Yu Qingyi,Ph.D candidate of Guangdong Institute for International Strategies,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,whose research focuses on European economy and area studies on Spanish-speaking countries.

Indonesia’s Perceptions and Coping Strategies to Sino-US Trade Friction (88)

Wei Hong Xu Xiaofang

【Abstract】Since 2018,Sino-US trade friction have gradually escalated,and it has influenced the trade,investment and financial markets of Indonesia.On the one hand,the Indonesian community believes that the trade friction has brought challenges to the Indonesian economy,impacting exports of affected industries in the country and slowing down its economic growth.On the other hand,it believes that the trade friction will also bring opportunities to Indonesia,such as the opportunity of trade transfer and attracting foreign investment.However,Indonesians in general believe that they need to improve their own strength so that they could seize the opportunities brought about by the trade war.In response to the threat of trade friction,Indonesia has adopted multiple coping strategies,including internal reforms to improve competitiveness,and external efforts to seek bilateral and multilateral cooperation to increase investment and exports.

【Key Words】Sino-US Trade friction,Indonesia,perceptions,strategy

【Authors】Wei Hong,Professor and Director of the Research Center for China-Indonesia People-to-People Exchange,Central China Normal University,whose research focuses on Southeast Asian politics and international relations;Xu Xiaofang,Postgraduate Student at the School of Politics and International Studies,Central China Normal University,whose research focuses on culture and international relations.

A Study on the Relationship between RMB Internationalization and Foreign Direct Investment in RMB (106)

Zhang Ya Han Li Zhang Feng

【Abstract】In June 2011,the People’s Bank of China officially launched the RMB settlement business of foreign direct investment (hereinafter referred to as RMB FDI),which means foreign institutions and individuals can use RMB to make direct investments in China.On the one hand,it has increased the use of RMB abroad and increased the demand for RMB from non-residents;on the other hand,it has widened the channels for the return of RMB abroad,improves the international circulation mechanism of RMB,and effectively promotes the internationalization of RMB.The results of the empirical study show that there is a mutually reinforcing relationship between the two.Therefore,China should continue to improve the risk prevention and control system of RMB FDI,and coordinate with various parties to promote the further development of both.

【Key Words】RMB internationalization,RMB FDI,Vector Error Correction Model

【Authors】Zhang Ya,MA Student of Finance,Grade 2020,School of Business,Beijing Union University,research interest:rural finance and financial technology;Han Li,Associate Professor,School of Management of Beijing Union University,MA,research interest:international finance and financial technology;Zhang Feng,Dean,Professor,Postgraduate supervisor,PhD,School of Applied Science and Technology of Beijing Union University,research interest:rural finance,enterprise investment and financing,and financial technology.

The Experience of Singapore’s FTZ System and Its Lessons for China (122)

Li Meng Hu Zhenjuan

【Abstract】The success of Singapore FTA lies in the perfect legal system and advanced management system.By analyzing the basic framework of Singapore FTA legal system,main contents and management system innovation,we will understand in detail the status quo and environment of Singapore FTA system construction,and draw lessons to promote the strategic development of China’s free trade pilot zones.By learning from the Singaporean experience,we need to introduce national-level laws and regulations,change the administrative management mode of the FTZ,adhere to the economic and trade liberalization policy,deepen the taxation system reform and further open the financial market in the region.

【Key Words】Singapore’s FTZ,legal system,management system,China’s free trade pilot zones

【Authors】Dr.Li Meng is Assistant Researcher of the National Innovation and Development Strategy Research Institute,School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China.His research focuses on the system innovation and rule of law of the Belt and Road Initiative,free trade pilot zones,free trade ports,and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Hu Zhenjuan is a Postgraduates Student from the Humanities and Law School of Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing,China.Her research focuses on civil and commercial law.

Turkish Military State System and Its Dilemma:An Analysis from the Perspective of State-Society Relations (140)

Zhang Jianbo

【Abstract】While many studies have been conducted on the reasons for the periodic coups of the Turkish military,this paper aims to explore the reasons for the periodic coup in the Turkish Republic from the perspective of “state-society relations”.During the Kemal era,the concept and system of the military representing the state and the military protecting Kemalism were gradually established,and the military state system gradually took shape.However,this system failed to achieve broad political integration.In the democratization period,the military,representing the state,was in fierce confrontation with the political elite,which had a better social support.While Western theories of civil-military relations presuppose that the military must remain politically neutral to ensure its nationalization,Turkey’s military has nationalized itself through politicization.Turkey’s democratization with limited political integration and the politicization and nationalization of the military are key to understanding the periodic coups by the Turkish military.

【Key Words】Turkey,military-state system,state-society relations,politicization,nationalization

【Author】Zhang Jianbo,Ph.D Candidate of the School of International Relations and Public Affairs,Fudan University,whose research focuses on comparative politics,Chinese politics and so on.