教學(xué)考試雜志社“優(yōu)師計(jì)劃”階段性成果展示
——高考重點(diǎn)題型相關(guān)試題選登

Passage 1

We are in an environmental crisis.The planet is heating up,and the Amazon is terribly on fire.And it often feels like there’s nothing you can do in the face of such a largescale catastrophe.But one man called Tony Riddle is active and taking on an incredible challenge to raise vital funds for environmental charities and raise awareness about current problems by running barefoot.

Tony Riddle will run the length of the United Kingdom from Land’s End to John o‘Groats—almost 900 miles.Starting on the 1st September and covering approximately 30 miles per day for 30 days,the natural lifestyle coach aims to raise￡25 000 for five environmental charities.He hopes that it will provide a platform to stress the importance of connecting with our environment,and to demonstrate the incredible possibilities of human body.

There’s also a deeper meaning behind his decision to run barefoot.Tony’s feet were once a source of severe pain.He was born with under-developed lower limbs（肢體）and was bound by metal for the first 12 weeks of his life and then braced (戴著) for the next two years.It was a long road to recovery,but now his feet have now been transformed into super strong foundations that are able to carry him across the entirety of the country.

“We are so disconnected from nature,how can we ever relate to our environmental issues and fully commit to sustainability (可持續(xù)性) ?”asks Tony.“If we can’t connect or relate to nature,what chance do we have of saving it,and ourselves?”As a father to three children,soon to be four; I feel the need for a change in our current disconnected behaviors.We need to do more to communicate the problem that arises from our disconnection from the natural world.“This is why I have chosen to support these organizations which protect our oceans,lands and animal—including human—species.”

24.What made Tony Riddle run with bare feet?

A.Large-scale catastrophes.

B.Planet’s heat.

C.Amazon fire.

D.Environmental problems.

25.What does the underlined word “demonstrate” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A.Strike. B.Prove.

C.Overcome. D.Assess.

26.We can infer from the last paragraph __________________ .

A.Tony’s wife is pregnant

B.people connect themselves with nature

C.people live a good life in the natural world

D.Tony supports organizations to protect the environment

27.Which of the following best describes Tony Riddle?

A.Humorous. B.Strong-willed.

C.Easy-going. D.Aggressive.

【文章大意】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。面對日益嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題，一位名叫Tony Riddle的人決定通過赤腳跑步來募集資金，這引起了大家對環(huán)境問題的關(guān)注。

24.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第四句“But one man called Tony Riddle is active and taking on an incredible challenge to raise vital funds for environmental charities and raise awareness about current problems by running barefoot.” 可 知，Tony Riddle赤腳跑步是為了喚起大家的環(huán)境保護(hù)意識。故選D。

25.B詞義猜測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，Tony Riddle要跑900英里來證明人類身體的無限可能性。由此推知，畫線詞demonstrate應(yīng)意為“證明”，相當(dāng)于prove。故選B。

26.A推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段第三句中的“As a father to three children,soon to be four”可知，Tony現(xiàn)在有三個孩子，他即將成為四個孩子的父親。由此可推知，他的妻子現(xiàn)在懷孕了。故選A。

27.B推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了Tony Riddle為了喚起大家對環(huán)境問題的重視并為環(huán)境慈善機(jī)構(gòu)募集資金，他赤腳跑了900英里。由此可推知，他是一個很堅(jiān)韌的人。故選B。

【長難句分析】It was a long road to recovery,but now his feet have now been transformed into super strong foundations that are able to carry him across the entirety of the country.（倒數(shù)第二段最后一句）

分析：這是一個并列復(fù)合句。that are able to carry him across the entirety of the country是一個定語從句，先行詞是foundations。

譯文：這是一條漫長的恢復(fù)之路，但是現(xiàn)在他的腳轉(zhuǎn)變成了他超級強(qiáng)大的基礎(chǔ)，讓他能夠走遍整個國家。

詞匯積累：awarenessn.意識，理解

approximatelyadv.大約

stress the importance of強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性

Passage 2

Is it possible to make paper without trees? Australian businessmen Kevin Garcia and Jon Tse were determined to find out.They spent a year researching a possible alternative that could serve as a possible raw material for making paper.

“What if we re-engineer how paper is made that’s more in line with our environmental responsibility?” asked Garcia.Then Garcia read about a Taiwanese company making commercial paper out of stone and inspiration struck.A year later,in July 2017,they launched Karst Stone Paper.The company produces paper without using wood,water or chemicals with terrible smell.Their source is stone waste mined from construction sites and other industrial waste places.

“If you look at the whole process of how paper is traditionally made,it involves cutting trees,adding chemicals and bleach to make pulp (紙漿),using lots of water and then squeezing,drying and flattening it into sheets of paper,” said Garcia.“It contributes to high carbon emission deforestation.”

The pulp and paper industry uses over 40% of all industrial wood traded globally,according to the World Wildlife Fund.Karst,based in Sydney,aims to reduce the rate of deforestation with its sustainably-made paper goods.

In 2019,Garcia estimates Karst’s paper production helped save 540 large trees from being deforested,83 100 liters(21 953 gallons) of water from being used and 25 500 kilograms (56 218 pounds) of carbon dioxide from being emitted (排放).

“We collect abandoned limestone from wherever we can find it,wash it,and ground it into fine powder,” Garcia said.The powder is mixed with a HDPE resin (高密度聚乙烯樹脂).The paste-like mixture is finally turned into thin sheets of paper.The carbon emission from this process is “about 67%less than making paper from tree pulp”,he said.

32.What can we learn about the company Karst Stone Paper?

A.It mainly depends on labor.

B.It makes paper from stone waste.

C.It aims to make great profits.

D.It produces paper from trees.

33.What do the statistics in Paragraph 5 show about Karst’s paper production?

A.It is more eco-friendly.

B.It seldom uses water.

C.Its process is much simpler.

D.It stops carbon dioxide from being emitted.

34.Which of the following best describe Kevin Garcia and Jon Tse?

A.Sympathetic. B.Indifferent.

C.Ambitious. D.Responsible.

35.What is the best title for the text?

A.The Way of Environmental Protection

B.Successful Stone-Paper Entrepreneurs

C.Making Stone-Paper and Saving Lots of Trees

D.The Traditional Process of Making Paper

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞商人用廢棄石頭代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)原料制作紙張,節(jié)約了很多樹木資源，并使其制作過程與傳統(tǒng)原料相比，更加節(jié)省水資源，大大減少二氧化碳的排放量。

32.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Their source is stone waste mined from construction sites and other industrial waste place.”可知，這個公司的造紙?jiān)鲜莵碜越ㄖさ氐膹U棄石頭。故選B。

33.A推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀第五段內(nèi)容可知，Karst公司的紙張生產(chǎn)（模式）幫助節(jié)約了很多樹木資源，節(jié)約了水資源以及減少了二氧化碳的排放。由此可推知，Karst公司的紙張生產(chǎn)（模式）是更加環(huán)保的。故選A。

34.D推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文尤其是第二段第一句“What if we re-engineer how paper is made that’s more in line with our environmental responsibility？”可知，為保護(hù)環(huán)境，Kevin Garcia和Jon Tse試圖用石頭制作紙張并創(chuàng)建了Karst公司使他們的想法付諸于行動。由此可推知，他們具有很強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)境保護(hù)責(zé)任感。故選D。

35.C標(biāo)題概括題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，本文介紹了澳大利亞商人用廢棄石頭代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)原料樹木來制作紙張，節(jié)約了很多樹木資源。因此C項(xiàng)是最適合本文的標(biāo)題。故選C。

【長難句分析】“If you look at the whole process of how paper is traditionally made,it involves cutting trees,adding chemicals and bleach to make pulp (紙漿),using lots of water and then squeezing,drying and flattening it into sheets of paper,”said Garcia.(第三段第一句)

分析：本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。其中含有一個條件狀語從句If you look at the whole process of how paper is traditionally made；從句中含有一個賓語從句how paper is traditionally made；主句中含有六個動名詞短語作賓語。

譯文：Garcia說 ：“如果你看看傳統(tǒng)紙張的制作過程，（你會發(fā)現(xiàn)）它涉及砍伐樹木，添加化學(xué)品和漂白劑去制成紙漿，使用大量的水，然后擠壓烘干，最后變成扁平的紙片?！?/p>

詞匯積累：alternativen.供替代的選擇

commercialadj.商業(yè)的

deforestationn.森林砍伐

raw material原料

construction sites建筑工地

contribute to導(dǎo)致

Passage 3

If you take a look around your kitchen or office right now,chances are you’ll notice you’re surrounded by plastic—water bottles,take-out coffee cups,straws,plastic grocery bags,food packages,take-out containers,and produce bags.These are all examples of single-use plastic products,which is a hot topic nowadays based on both environmental and health concerns.

It’s certainly not realistic to remove all plastic from your life,but let’s examine some statistics that may encourage you to reduce your single-use plastic footprint by throwing away straws（吸管）,switching to reusable water bottles,bringing cloth bags to the grocery store,and more.

The popularity of plastic,which began rising in the 1950s,is growing out of control—18.2 trillion pounds of plastic have been produced around the world,according to a study published in the journal Science Advances,a publication of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.And there’s no sign of slowing down,considering scientists say that another 26-5 trillion pounds will be produced worldwide by 2050.

“Every piece of plastic that has ever been created will remain in the environment in some form,but once we conveniently throw out our trash at home,wind and runoff carry our waste from landfills and streets down the sewer（污水渠）and directly to the ocean,” says Jennifer Flower.“Our plastic consumption is directly affecting the marine life in the ocean including fish,which is a main source of food for humans as well.Often our society is so focused on making our lives more convenient in the short term,but in the long run,those everyday conveniences are at the expense of our health and the health of marine life.”

Worried about global warming? You should be.

32.The first paragraph is written to show ____________________ .

A.plastic products are convenient

B.plastic products are very harmful

C.plastic is everywhere in daily life

D.the topic about plastic is outdated

33.What do the statistics in Paragraph 3 imply?

A.The popularity of plastic began in 1950.

B.18.2 trillion pounds of plastic is produced every year.

C.Plastic is still in great demand in the future.

D.Production of plastic will reach the limit by 2050.

34.What can we learn from Jennifer Flower’s words?

A.Plastic has brought great convenience.

B.Plastic producers should be blamed.

C.The marine life will suffer the lack of food.

D.Plastic is a double-edged sword.

35.From which is this text probably taken?

A.A biology text.

B.A health magazine.

C.A research paper.

D.A news report.

【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了塑料的危害性，從而呼吁人們減少對一次性塑料（制品）的使用。

32.C目的意圖題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“If you take a look around your kitchen or office right now,chances are you’ll notice you’re surrounded by plastic”可知，如果你此刻環(huán)顧你的廚房或辦公室，可能會注意到你被塑料（制品）包圍了。由此可推知，第一段旨在表明塑料在人們的日常生活中被廣泛使用，承接下文作者提出的要減少對一次性塑料（制品）使用的建議。故選C項(xiàng)。

33.C推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，自20世紀(jì)50年代塑料開始受歡迎以來，全世界已經(jīng)生產(chǎn)了近18.2萬億磅的塑料。到2050年，還將有26.5萬億磅的塑料被生產(chǎn)出來。由此可推知，第三段的數(shù)據(jù)表明了未來塑料的需求量依然很大。故選C項(xiàng)。

34.D推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Often our society is so focused on making our lives more convenient in the short term,but in the long run,those everyday conveniences are at the expense of our health and the health of marine life.”可知，我們的社會常常會過于關(guān)注短期內(nèi)讓生活變得更加便利，但是從長遠(yuǎn)來看，那些生活的便利是以我們的健康和海洋生物的健康作為代價的。由此可推知，從Jennifer Flower的話中，我們可以知道塑料是一把雙刃劍。故選D項(xiàng)。

35.B文章出處題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了一次性塑料(制品)在日常生活中廣泛使用，這不僅給人們的健康帶來了危害，同時也危及到了海洋生物的健康，破壞了海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境，因此本文呼吁人們減少對一次性塑料（制品）的使用。而介紹這類內(nèi)容的文章多刊載在健康生活類雜志上。故選B項(xiàng)。

【長難句分析】“Every piece of plastic that has ever been created will remain in the environment in some form,but once we conveniently throw out our trash at home,wind and runoff carry our waste from landfills and streets down the sewer（污水渠）and directly to the ocean，” says Jennifer Flower.（第四段第一句）

分析：本句是一個由but連接的并列句。that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞Every piece of plastic；once引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。

譯文：Jennifer Flower說：“每一片生產(chǎn)出來的塑料會以某種形式存在于環(huán)境中，然而當(dāng)我們隨意地丟掉家里的垃圾時，垃圾填埋場和街道的廢物會隨著風(fēng)和雨水沿著污水渠直接進(jìn)入海洋。”

詞匯積累：environmentaladj.環(huán)境的

consumptionn.消耗

switch to轉(zhuǎn)變成

at the expense of以……為代價

Passage 4

A new study focuses on K2.18 b,an exoplanet (系外行星) discovered in 2015,orbits a red dwarf star close enough to receive about the same amount of radiation from its star as Earth does from our sun.

Previously,scientists have discovered gas giants that have water in their atmospheres,but this is the least giant planet ever to have water detected in its atmosphere.“The water detection was quite clear to us relatively early on,” lead author Bj rn Benneke,a professor at the Institute for Research on Exoplanets at the Université de Montréal,told Space.com in an interview.

Studies have suggested that planets with hydrogen-rich atmospheres could host certain forms of life,Benneke said.However,K2-18 b’s large atmosphere is extremely thick and creates high-pressure conditions,which“l(fā)ikely prevents life as we know it from existing on the planet’s surface,”a news release reads.While these researchers found evidence for liquid water clouds on K2-18 b,because of its lack of surface,rain wouldn’t pool on the planet.Without a real surface,so to speak,landing on the planet would also be nearly impossible to land on,especially because the gas is so thick and has such an incredibly high pressure that any Earth-created spacecraft sent there would be destroyed.

Benneke suggests that,possibly,this planet formed by rock absorbing large amounts of gas,“l(fā)ike a vacuum cleaner,” he said.This gas absorbed would have more than doubled the planet and increased its volume eightfold.

To come to these conclusions,the research team analyzed data from Hubble Space Telescope observations that they made between 2016 and 2017 of the K2-18 b planet passing in front of its star eight times.This type of research,Benneke said,is leading toward a final goal of “being able to study real,true earth-like planets”.“We are not quite there yet,” he said,“but this is really exciting.”

28.Why is it impossible to land on the K2-18 b?

A.It has too much water.

B.It is too hot to get close.

C.It is too far from the earth.

D.It doesn’t have a real surface.

29.How does K2-18 b expand according to Benneke?

A.By releasing gas itself.

B.By receiving radiation from the sun.

C.By taking in much gas by rocks.

D.By getting away from the red dwarf star.

30.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.Scientists have succeeded in exploring K2-18 b completely.

B.It is impossible for humans to land on other earth-like planets.

C.Scientists are making progress in studying real earthlike planets.

D.The K2-18 b planet has passed before its star eight times between 2016 and 2017.

31.What is the text mainly about?

A.The research on the K2-18 b planet.

B.The solar system’s environment.

C.The discovery of the K2-18 b planet.

D.The exploration of the outer space.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆叫做K2-18 b(也叫“超級地球”)的系外行星，該行星存在和地球相似的大氣環(huán)境，科學(xué)家稱該行星是否滿足生命存在的條件還需進(jìn)一步探究。

28.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“Without a real surface,so to speak,landing on the planet would also be nearly impossible to land on”可知，由于K2-18 b沒有一個真實(shí)的表面，所以不可能登陸。故選 D。

29.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段“Benneke suggests that,possibly,this planet formed by rock absorbing large amounts of gas,‘like a vacuum cleaner,’he said.This gas absorbed would have more than doubled the planet and increased its volume eightfold.”可知，Benneke認(rèn)為K2-18 b靠表面的巖石吸收大量氣體，增大。故選C。

30.C推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“This type of research,Benneke said,is leading toward a final goal of ‘being able to study real,true earth-like planets’.‘We are not quite there yet,’he said,‘but this is really exciting.’”可知，科學(xué)家所做的研究正引領(lǐng)他們能夠研究真正的類似地球的行星，雖然還沒有達(dá)到目標(biāo)，目前的研究上取得的進(jìn)步也很讓人激動了。由此可推知，科學(xué)家在研究真正類似地球的行星中正在取得進(jìn)步。故選C。

31.A主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文并根據(jù)第一段中的“A new study focuses on K2-18 b,an exoplanet（系外行星）discovered in 2015”可知，本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家們對K2-18 b系外行星的研究。故選A。

【長難句分析】Without a real surface,so to speak,landing on the planet would also be nearly impossible to land on,especially because the gas is so thick and has such an incredibly high pressure that any Earth-created spacecraft sent there would be destroyed.（第三段最后一句）

分析：本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。

譯文：由于這個行星沒有一個真正的表面，所以說，要在這個行星上著陸幾乎是不可能的，特別是因?yàn)槠浔砻娴臍怏w太厚，壓力太大，任何地球制造發(fā)射到那里的宇宙飛船都會被摧毀。

詞匯積累：radiationn.輻射

detectv.探測

incrediblyadv.難以置信地

Passage 5

Lego is considering a brick rental scheme in an attempt to cut down on plastic waste.The Danish toymaker has promised to make all its bricks from sustainable (可持續(xù)的) sources by 2030 and is searching significant resources into finding alternatives.

Tim Brooks,vice-president responsible for sustainability,said the company was“totally open”to the idea of a product rental scheme but acknowledged that lost pieces could be a significant problem.He said the rental scheme was“possible”but admitted there were some“technical barriers”,one of which is the complexity of some Lego sets,many of which contain thousands of pieces.“What are the chances of giving them to an eight-year-old child and getting them all back again?” Mr.Brooks added.

Lego has come under increasing pressure to reduce its carbon footprint with growing international alarm about the impact of plastic waste on the environment.Lego reportedly gives off around a million tons of carbon dioxide each year,with about three-quarters coming from raw materials that go into factories.It produces 19 billion pieces per year—36 000 a minute—that are made of plastic and much of the inner packaging is also plastic.

So far,the only breakthrough has been the development of a line of bricks made from plant-based plastic sourced from sugarcane (甘蔗).The green trees,plants and flowers were first included in Lego sets late last year but account for only onetwo percent of the total amount of plastic elements produced.

Henrik Ostergaard Nielson,a production administrator in Lego’s factory, told the New York Times last year “We need to learn again how to do this.”The company has invested (投資) more than ￡100 000 000 and hired 100 people to research non-plastic alternatives.It is aiming to keep all of its packaging reusable by 2025.

32.What is the aim of Lego’s brick rental plan?

A.To cut down on their cost.

B.To reduce plastic waste.

C.To seek alternative resources.

D.To deal with technical barriers.

33.What is Tim Brooks’ attitude towards the toy rental scheme?

A.Negative. B.Confident.

C.Ambiguous. D.Objective.

34.What method is used in the last three paragraphs?

A.Listing data. B.Making comparisons.

C.Giving examples. D.Describing facts.

35.What can we know from the last paragraph?

A.Lego will not make new products after 2025.

B.Lego has already bought non-plastic alternatives.

C.Lego is making efforts for eco-friendly products.

D.Lego’s green technology is relatively backward.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了為減少塑料浪費(fèi)，Lego公司正考慮采取積木出租計(jì)劃并開始尋找塑料的可替代品。

32.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第一句“Lego is considering a brick rental scheme in an attempt to cut down on plastic waste.”可知，Lego公司實(shí)施這一計(jì)劃是為了減少塑料浪費(fèi)。故答案為B。

33.D推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容尤其是第二句中的“the rental scheme was‘possible’but admitted there were some‘technical barriers’”可知，Tim Brooks認(rèn)為出租計(jì)劃是可行的，但也存在一些技術(shù)障礙。由此可推知，他的態(tài)度是客觀的。故答案為D。

34.A寫作手法題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“a million tons of”、“three-quarters coming from raw materials”、第三句中的“19 billion pieces per year—36 000 a minute”及倒數(shù)第二段第二句中的“only one-two percent of ”以及最后一段第一句中的“invested（投資）more than ￡100 000 000 and hired 100 people”可知，最后三段均應(yīng)用了具體的數(shù)據(jù)。故答案為A。

35.C推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，Henrik說：“我們需要再學(xué)習(xí)如何做到環(huán)保?！倍襆ego公司已經(jīng)投資超過1億英鎊，并雇傭了100人來研究非塑料的替代品。公司的目標(biāo)是在2025年之前使所有的包裝材料變得可以重復(fù)使用。由此可推知，Lego公司正在為打造環(huán)保產(chǎn)品而努力。故答案為C。

【長難句分析】①He said the rental scheme was“possible”but admitted there were some“technical barriers”,one of which is the complexity of some Lego sets,many of which contain thousands of pieces.(第二段第二句)

分析：本句是一個復(fù)合句。said和admitted為并列謂語，the rental scheme was “possible”為省略that的賓語從句；there were some“technical barriers”為省略that的賓語從句；one of which is the complexity of some Lego sets是定語從句，修飾先行詞some“technical barriers”；many of which contain thousands of pieces是定語從句，修飾先行詞some Lego sets。

譯文：他表示出租計(jì)劃是“可行的”，但也承認(rèn)存在一些“技術(shù)障礙”，比如一些樂高套件很復(fù)雜，其包含數(shù)千件小零件。

②So far,the only breakthrough has been the development of a line of bricks made from plant-based plastic sourced from sugarcane (甘蔗).(第四段第一句)

分析：本句是一個簡單句。the only breakthrough為句子主語，has been為謂語，the development of a line of bricks為賓語，而 made from plant-based plastic作定語，修飾a line of bricks，其中sourced from sugarcane（甘蔗）是plant-based plastic的定語，意為“甘蔗提取物制成的植物性塑料積木”。

譯文：到目前為止，唯一的突破是開發(fā)出了甘蔗提取物制成的植物性塑料積木。

詞匯積累：alternativen.供替代的選擇

acknowledgev.承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可

complexityn.復(fù)雜，復(fù)雜性

in an attempt to力圖，試圖，企圖

carbon footprint碳排放量

source from資料來源于……

account for占……比例