愛荷華大學(xué)視覺藝術(shù)大樓美國弗吉尼亞州愛荷華市

建設(shè)單位：愛荷華大學(xué)

設(shè)計單位：史蒂文·霍爾建筑師事務(wù)所

設(shè)計團隊：史蒂文·霍爾 (主創(chuàng)設(shè)計), Chris Mcvoy (高級主管), Rychiee Espinosa (項目助理), Jongseo Lee,Garrick Ambrose, Filipe Taboada, Christiane Deptolla, Garrett Ricciardi, Christopher Rotman,Christina Yessios, Johanna Muszbek, Yiqing Zhao,

Bell Ying Yi Cai

合作單位：Bnim 建筑師事務(wù)所

結(jié)構(gòu)工程：Buro Happold 結(jié)構(gòu)工程公司

建筑面積：126 000 平方呎

時間: 2010年 - 2016年

Client: University of Iowa

Architect: Steven Holl Architects

Design team: Steven Holl (design architect, principal), Chris Mcvoy (senior partner in charge), Rychiee Espinosa (project architect, associate), Jongseo Lee,Garrick Ambrose, Filipe Taboada, Christiane Deptolla, Garrett Ricciardi,Christopher Rotman, Christina Yessios, Johanna Muszbek, Yiqing Zhao,Bell Ying Yi Cai (project team)

Associate architects: Bnim Architects

Structural engineer: Buro Happold Structural Engineering Associates

Building area (square feet): 126,000sf

Year: 2010 - 2016

愛荷華大學(xué)藝術(shù)與藝術(shù)史類的新視覺藝術(shù)大樓提供了 126,000 平方英尺（約 1,171平方米）的閣樓式空間，可供所有的視覺藝術(shù)媒體使用，從古老的金屬鍛造技術(shù)到最先進的虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)，包括陶藝、3D 設(shè)計、金屬藝術(shù)和珠寶、雕塑、版畫、油畫與水彩、平面設(shè)計、多媒體、視頻藝術(shù)以及攝影。此外還有畫廊、學(xué)院辦公室、室外屋頂工作室和藝術(shù)史教學(xué)空間。

視覺藝術(shù)大樓取代了 1936年建造的藝術(shù)樓，在 2008年 6 月一場洪水沖擊了愛荷華大學(xué)校園，之前的藝術(shù)樓遭到嚴重損壞。由斯蒂文·霍爾建筑師事務(wù)所設(shè)計的視覺藝術(shù)大樓與西側(cè)的藝術(shù)史學(xué)院大樓圍合成了一個藝術(shù)方院，自 2006年投入使用后吸引了整個學(xué)校的學(xué)生來到這個公共空間和圖書館。兩棟建筑構(gòu)成了以藝術(shù)理論、教學(xué)及創(chuàng)作為主的視覺藝術(shù)校園。

2006年西側(cè)落成的藝術(shù)史學(xué)院大樓是水平多孔的平面結(jié)構(gòu)，而視覺藝術(shù)大樓則為垂直多孔的立體結(jié)構(gòu)。其目的是使學(xué)院各學(xué)科之間在此公共流通空間進行最大程度的互動。

1.互聯(lián)的藝術(shù)：水平功能劃分，垂直多孔空間：在當(dāng)今的藝術(shù)院校，不斷發(fā)展的數(shù)字技術(shù)使藝術(shù)間的互聯(lián)和跨界擁有了更多的可能性，更能實現(xiàn)其根本價值。垂直切割各層平面所形成的開放空間促進了學(xué)院不同藝術(shù)學(xué)科之間的合作。學(xué)生們可以通過這些開放的區(qū)域看到進行中的活動并參與其中。緊鄰內(nèi)部流線的工作室玻璃隔斷進一步促進了互聯(lián)。

2.多重光源中心：自然光線與新鮮空氣透過“光源中心”進入建筑內(nèi)部。七個垂直切割體在各層面有不同程度的移轉(zhuǎn)，創(chuàng)造出多重露臺并為戶外會議和非正式的戶外工作提供空間，進一步促進四個樓層之間的活動交流。

3.樓梯作為垂直社交中心：走廊為水平集會空間：樓梯被塑造成可進行臨時會議、互動和討論的空間。擺放著桌椅的樓梯會階平臺處和帶沙發(fā)的開放休息區(qū)為協(xié)同工作提供空間。

4.校園空間的定義與多孔性：原始校園網(wǎng)格布局在愛荷華河處破碎，如同撞擊在石灰?guī)r峭壁一樣渾然天成。西側(cè)的藝術(shù)史樓以模糊外緣呼應(yīng)了這種不規(guī)則幾何。而新樓則以其簡潔的平面重新定義了校園的網(wǎng)格布局，使新的校園空間成為一片“藝術(shù)原野”。

5.材料共鳴，生態(tài)創(chuàng)新：通過窗戶和天窗實現(xiàn)了建筑空間的自然通風(fēng)。開孔的混凝土框架結(jié)構(gòu)是建筑外墻隔熱層，外觀似“氣泡”的輻射板為建筑內(nèi)部提供制冷與供暖。新樓的西南面與東南面采用德國Rheinzink 公司的沖孔鋁板作遮陽罩，其表面會在自然氧化的作用下變成藍綠色。

The new Visual Arts facility for the University of Iowa's School of Art and Art History provides 126,000 sf of loft- like space for all visual arts media, from ancient metalsmithing techniques to the most advanced virtual reality technologies, including Ceramics, 3D Design, Metal Arts &Jewelry, Sculpture, Printmaking, Painting & Drawing, Graphic Design, Intermedia, Video Art, and Photography.Also housed are galleries, faculty offices, an outdoor rooftop studio, and teaching spaces for Art History.

The Visual Arts Building replaces an original arts building from 1936, which was heavily damaged during a flood of the University of Iowa campus in June 2008.The new building forms an Arts Quad with Art Building West, which was designed by Steven Holl Architects and has drawn students from all over campus to its social spaces and library since opening in 2006.Together they form a visual arts campus for theorizing, teaching and making art.

While the 2006 Arts Building West is horizontally porous and of planar composition, the new building is vertically porous and volumetrically composed.The aim of maximum interaction between all departments of the school takes shape in social circulation spaces.

1.Interconnection: Horizontal Programs, Vertical Porosity: In a school of the arts today,interconnection and crossover, made increasingly possible through digital techniques, are of fundamental importance.Interdisciplinary collaboration between the School’s various art departments is facilitated in the vertical carving out of large open floor plates.Students can see activities ongoing across these openings and be encouraged to interact and meet.Further interconnection is facilitated by glass partitions along the studio walls adjacent to internal circulation.

2.Multiple Centers of Light: Natural light and ventilation reach into the core of the building via“centers of light." The seven vertical cutouts are characterized by a language of shifted layers,where one floor plate slides past another.This geometry creates multiple balconies, providing outdoor meeting spaces and informal exterior working space, further encouraging interaction between the building’s four levels.

3.Stairs as Vertical Social Condensers: Corridors as Horizontal Meeting Spaces: Stairs are shaped to enable informal meeting, interaction and discussion.Some stairs stop at generous landings with tables and chairs, others open onto lounge spaces with sofas, for informal collaborative work.

4.Campus Space Definition/Porosity: The original grid of the campus breaks up at the Iowa River, becoming organic as it hits the limestone bluff.The Arts West building reflects this irregular geometry in fuzzy edges.The new building picks up the campus grid again in its simple plan,defining the new campus space of the "arts meadow."

5.Material Resonance, Ecological Innovation: Natural ventilation is achieved via operable windows and skylights.A punched concrete frame structure provides thermal mass at the exterior while"bubble" slabs provide radiant cooling and heating.A Rheinzink skin in weathering blue-green is perforated for sun shade on the southwest and southeast.