必修4第5單元重點詞語精講精練

王振祥

1. various adj. 不同的;各種各樣的

There are various ways of cooking an egg.雞蛋有各種各樣的做法。

Various people said they had seen the accident. 許多人說他們目睹了這次事故。

【思維拓展】 various的同根詞有：vary v.改變，變更;variety n. 品種，種類，多樣性;variation n. 變化，變種;variable adj. 可變的，易變的

【相關(guān)詞組】 a （large / great / wide / considerable） variety of各種各樣的;種類繁多的;variety of forms各種各樣的形式;for a variety of reasons因種種理由;for varieties sake為了不單調(diào)起見;varieties of各種各樣的

Many varieties of chrysanthemum are being shown. 許多種菊花在展出。

Her health varies from good to rather weak. 她的健康時好時壞。

2. whichever pron. 無論哪一個;任何一個

whichever為疑問代詞或連接代詞，意為“哪一個，無論哪個”，在句中可作定語、主語、賓語或表語。其既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

Whichever book do you like to read？ 你到底愿意看哪一本書？

You can buy whichever magazine you like. 你可以買你喜歡的任何雜志。

Whichever they choose， we must accept their decision. 無論他們?nèi)绾芜x擇，我們都必須接受他們的決定。

【細(xì)中辨微】 whichever與no matter which

whichever既可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句;no matter which只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

The situation is an awkward one， no matter which （whichever） way you look at it. 無論從哪方面看，這個局面都很尷尬。

Whichever team wins will be praised. （此為主語從句，不能用no matter which） 不管哪支隊伍贏都將受到表揚。

【思維拓展】 類似whichever與no matter which用法的還有：whatever與no matter what， whoever與no matter who， however與no matter how， whenever與no matter when， wherever與no matter where等。

3. be familiar with / to

familiar作“熟悉的”解，根據(jù)句型不同后接with或to：

（1） sb. is familiar with sth. 某人熟悉某事物;某人精通某事

We are familiar with the saying. 我們熟悉這條格言。

Are you familiar with these details？ 你熟悉這些細(xì)節(jié)嗎？

He is familiar with English. 他精通英語。

（2） sth. is familiar to sb. 某事物為某人所熟悉

The saying is familiar to us. 這條格言我們熟悉。

His voice on the phone sounded familiar to me. 他在電話上的聲音我聽起來很熟悉。

familiar作“友好的;不拘禮節(jié)的;過分親密的;放肆的”等解時，可用作表語或定語，通常與介詞with 連用。

It's a familiar face. 那是一張熟悉的面孔。

He's familiar with us. （=He's on familiar terms with us）. 他與我們關(guān)系很友好。

She greeted them by their first names in a familiar way. 她與他們打招呼時親切地直呼其名。

The man makes himself too familiar with my wife. 這個人對我妻子太隨便（太放肆）。

4. no wonder 難怪;不足為奇

No wonder （that）...為It is / was no wonder （that）...的省略，意為“難怪;不足為奇”，其中的that可省略。

You eat so little. No wonder you are so slim. 你吃得這么少，難怪這么瘦。

Are you a librarian？ No wonder you are so well read. 你是圖書管理員？難怪你這么博學(xué)。

It's no wonder you can't sleep when you eat so much. 你吃得太飽，自然睡不著。

類似的句型還有：（It is / was） Small / Little wonder that...

There is something wrong with your leg？ Little wonder you walk so slowly. 你的腿出問題了？難怪你走得這么慢。

【思維拓展】 wonder的常用句型有：

（1） It's a wonder 難得，奇怪的是;

（2） I wonder if / whether / wh-從句 不知……，我想知道……

It's a wonder that he should have failed in the exam. 他考試竟然沒有及格，真是奇怪。

I wonder whether / if you would mind helping me. 不知你是否能幫幫我的忙。

I wondered / was wondering if I could use your car. 不知我是否可以用你的車。

5. wherever adv. & conj. 無論在什么地方;各處

wherever可作副詞，意為“（表示驚訝）哪里”;作連詞時，意為“無論哪里，無論什么地方”，可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，偶爾可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。

Wherever did you get that idea？ 你哪兒來的那個主意？

Wherever there's plenty of sun and rain， the fields are green. 凡是陽光和雨水充足的地方，田野就是綠的。

I'll telephone her from wherever I get to by tomorrow evening. 在明天傍晚前，我無論到達(dá)了哪里，我都會給她打電話的。 （引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，作介詞的賓語）

6. preserve vt. 保存;保留 n. 保護(hù)區(qū)

preserve作及物動詞時，意為“保護(hù);保持;保存，保藏”;作名詞時，意為“禁獵地;禁區(qū);保護(hù)區(qū)”。

It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order. 警察的職責(zé)之一是維持公共秩序。

Salt preserves food from decay. 鹽能防止食物腐爛。

The Town Council spent a lot of money in preserving the old castle and other places of historic interest. 鎮(zhèn)政務(wù)委員會花了不少錢來保護(hù)那座古城堡和其他古跡。

The organization was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. 成立這個組織是為了保護(hù)瀕危物種不致滅絕。

There is a perfectly preserved 14th-century house in the village. 這個村子里有座保存完好的14世紀(jì)的房屋。

No hunting is allowed in the preserve. 在這個禁獵區(qū)內(nèi)不許打獵。

Football is no longer the preserve of men. 足球不再是男人的專利了。

【思維拓展】 preserve的派生詞有：preserver n.保護(hù)人，維護(hù)者，保存者;preservation? n. 保護(hù)，維護(hù)，保存;preservative n. 防腐劑，保護(hù)劑

7. be modelled after 根據(jù)……模仿;仿造

此為model A on / after B的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的介詞用on或after均可。

The new church was modeled after St.Peter's in Rome. 這個教堂是根據(jù)羅馬的圣彼得大教堂建造的。

【思維拓展】 model n. 模型;模特兒;模式;典型 vt. 制作模型，用……做成模型 adj. 典型的;模范的;a fashion model時裝模特;a model student模范學(xué)生;airplane models飛機模型;model oneself on sb. 以……為榜樣;仿效。

This washing machine is the latest model. 這臺洗衣機是最新樣式。

He modeled himself on his mother. 他以自己的母親為榜樣。

8. advance vt. & vi 前進(jìn);促進(jìn);提前

n. 前進(jìn);進(jìn)步

advance可作動詞，意為“前進(jìn);促進(jìn);提前”，也可用作名詞?，F(xiàn)將其用法歸納如下：

（1） 用作動詞，基本意為“前進(jìn)”，注意其后所接介詞。

① 表示推進(jìn)的方向，通常用介詞 to， towards。

The troops advanced to the river. 部隊行進(jìn)到河邊。

They advanced towards the castle. 他們向城堡推進(jìn)。

② 表示進(jìn)攻的對象，通常用介詞 on， upon。

The soldiers advanced on the enemy. 士兵們向敵人進(jìn)擊。

They advanced upon the enemy. 他們向敵人進(jìn)攻。

（2） 用作名詞，表示“前進(jìn)”時，多為不可數(shù)名詞;表示“進(jìn)展;進(jìn)步;改進(jìn)”等意時，多為可數(shù)名詞。

The army's advance was very slow. 部隊推進(jìn)很慢。

China has made great advances in industry. 中國在工業(yè)方面進(jìn)步很大。

比較：in advance （事先，提前）和in advance of （在……前面）。

The rent must be paid in advance. 租金必須預(yù)付。

He is far in advance of his class. 他在班上遙遙領(lǐng)先。

【相關(guān)詞組】 advance from... to... 把……提前;on the advance （物價）在上漲

The date of the meeting was advanced from 10 to 3 June. 會議日期已由6月10日提前到6月3日。

Silk is on the advance. 絲綢價格在上漲。

【思維拓展】 advanced為形容詞，意為“高級的;先進(jìn)的”，如：advanced mathematics高等代數(shù);advanced English高級英語等。

They have brought in more advanced technology. 他們已引進(jìn)了更先進(jìn)的技術(shù)。

There were only three of us on the advanced course. 只有我們?nèi)藢W(xué)高級課程。

9. come to life 蘇醒過來;活躍起來;恢復(fù)生氣

With the doctor's help， he soon came to life. 在醫(yī)生的幫助下，他很快就蘇醒過來了。

The match finally came to life in the second half. 比賽在下半場終于精彩起來。

I seldom come to life before noon. 我中午前往往精神不振。

In my dream all my toys came to life. 我的玩具在夢里都活了起來。

【思維拓展】 all one's life 一生，一輩子;for life 終生，終身;true to life 逼真的，栩栩如生的;frighten / scare the life out of sb.把某人嚇得魂不附體;lose one's life 犧牲生命，獻(xiàn)身

All my life I've tried to be an honest man. 我一生都在設(shè)法做一個誠實的人。

They became friends for life. 他們成了終生之交。

The murderer was imprisoned for life. 兇手被終身監(jiān)禁。

All the characters in the play are true to life. 劇中的所有角色都演得生動逼真。

The bombing almost frightened the life out of me. 爆炸嚇得我魂不附體。

10. admission n. 允許進(jìn)入;入場費;承認(rèn)

admission為名詞，意為“準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入，準(zhǔn)許加入;入場費，會費;承認(rèn)，招認(rèn)”。

No admission. 禁止入內(nèi)。

Admission by ticket only. 憑票入場。

Admission to the concert costs ￡5. 音樂會的入場券是五英鎊一張。

He is a thief of his own admission. 他自己承認(rèn)他是小偷。

【相關(guān)詞組】 by / on sb.'s own admission據(jù)某人自己承認(rèn);gain / obtain admission to獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入

【思維拓展】 動詞admit意為“允許;承認(rèn)，準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入”，可用于以下句型：

admit+n. / pron. / doing承認(rèn)……;admit sb. to / into允許某人進(jìn)入;admit+賓語+to do sth. 承認(rèn)……;admit that-clause承認(rèn)……;It is admitted that... 據(jù)認(rèn)……

The young man went straight to the office to admit his fault. 這個年輕人直接跑到辦公室來認(rèn)錯。

He admitted to me that he was wrong. 他向我承認(rèn)他是錯誤的。

My sister was admitted to / into Beijing Unvisity last autumn. 我妹妹去年秋季被北大錄取了。

He admitted having done wrong. 他承認(rèn)做了錯事。

I admitted myself to be wrong. 我承認(rèn)自己錯了。

He admitted that he had stolen the purse. 他承認(rèn)偷了錢包。

It is generally admitted that the moon is a world where utter silence prevails.? 月球是一個寂靜無聲的世界，這一點是大家所公認(rèn)的。

【鞏固練習(xí)】

I. 單句語法填空。

1. In the past few decades Chinese has become more and more popular worldwide for __? ?__（vary） reasons.

2. No wonder ______ the Chinese workers can complete the mobile cabin hospitals so quickly.

3. What is the ______ （long） of the Yellow River？

4. Zhong Nanshan， whose name is familiar

______ us， is expert at handling the crisises of the public health.

5. Being your own boss is one of the ______（attract） of owning your own business.

6. It is reported that their system ______（model） upon one used in Chinese hospitals.

7. The? ______ （preserve） of our cultural heritage is becoming more and more urgent.

8. You can either have the double room or the family room， ______ you want.

9. Some of my classmates are learning ______ （advance） English online.

10. You must admit the task ______ （be） difficult and tough.

II. 單項選擇。

1. At minus 130℃， a living cell can be ______ for a thousand years.

A. spared? ? B. protected

C. preserved? D. developed

2. He asked me to arrange everything in ______， putting the largest first， then the next， and so on.

A. return? ? B. advance

C. detail? ? D. order

3. More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great ______ of goods.

A. variety? ? B. mixture

C. extension? ? D. combination

4. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______ the season.

A. whatever? ? B. wherever

C. whenever? ? D. however

5. In order to have a slim （苗條的） and ______ figure （身材）， many ladies are getting different kinds of exercise.

A. valuable? ? B. attractive

C. brief? ? D. common

6. While I have had ______ large collection of ancient coins， the coin that he showed to me the other day is still ______ great attraction to me.

A. a; /? ? B. a; a

C. a; the? ? D. the; the