現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法

曲永華

一、現(xiàn)在完成時考點分析

現(xiàn)在完成時是考試中的一個重要語法點，主要考查它的含義、結(jié)構(gòu)、時間狀語、短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的用法?？疾辄c在題型上主要有單項選擇、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、翻譯句子等。

二、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成

三、規(guī)則動詞過去式、過去分詞的構(gòu)成

四、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法

五、現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語

1. 常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的狀語：before 以前，ever 曾經(jīng)，until 剛剛，never 從不，從來沒有，recently 近來，最近，since 自從，just 剛剛，already 已經(jīng)，yet 仍然，還，over the years多年以來，by now 到現(xiàn)在為止，during the last / few weeks 在過去的幾個星期里，for a long time 很長時間，in the last / past few years / weeks 在過去的幾年/周里，many times 許多次，over the past years 在過去的幾年里，so far 到目前為止，up to / till now 到現(xiàn)在為止，many times 許多次。

2. 用法辨析：already， yet; never， ever; just

a） already往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語氣;yet通常用于否定句和疑問句。

He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開這里了。

Has he already left here？ 他（真地）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語氣）

My teachers haven't had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。

Have you written to your parents yet？ 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎？

b） never是否定詞，表示“從來沒有”，用于肯定句中;而ever表示“曾經(jīng)”，用于疑問句中。

We have never been to the Great Wall. 我們從來沒有去過長城。

Have you ever been to Canada？ 你們曾經(jīng)去過加拿大嗎？

c） just表示“剛剛”，用于完成時態(tài)時，與already， never等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動詞have / has和動詞過去分詞之間。

He has just come back. 他剛剛回來。

They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項工作。

【趁熱打鐵】

一、同義句改寫，每空詞數(shù)不限。

1. He died 10 years ago.

He ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.

2. He borrowed the book two weeks ago.

He ____ the book for two weeks.

3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.

He ____ the motorbike for a month.

4. He arrived here three days ago.

He ____ here since three days ago.

5. They turned off the light two hours ago.

The light ____ for two hours.

6. He left here two years ago.

He ____ from here for two years.

7. The film began 30 minutes ago.

The film ____ for 30 minutes.

8. They opened the door an hour ago.

The door ____ for an hour.

9. They closed the door an hour ago.

The door ____ for an hour.

10. He joined the army last year.

He ____ a ____ for a ?year.

二、單項選擇。

1. The famous writer ___ one new book in? ? the past two years.

A. is writing ? ? B. was writing

C. wrote ? ? D. has written

2. Have you met Mr. Li ___？

A. just ? ? B. ago

C. before ? ? D. a moment ago

3. —How long have you ___ here？ ? ??—About two months.

A. been ? ? B. gone

C. come ? ? D. arrived

4. —Our country ___ a lot so far.—Yes. I hope it will be even ___.

A. has changed; well

B. changed; good

C. has changed; better

D. changed; better

5. —___ you ___ your homework yet？—Yes. I ___ it a moment ago.

A. Did; do; finished

B. Have; done; finished

C. Have; done; have finished

D. Will; do; finish

三、漢譯英，每空詞數(shù)不限。

1. 我的美國朋友愛上了宜昌，并且希望在此長住。

My American friend ______ Yichang and she wishes to live here forever.

2. 兩個月以來，已經(jīng)有400名大學(xué)生參加了“手機(jī)忍者”的測試。

400 college students ______ the test called “Mobile Phone Ninja” since two months ago.

3. 現(xiàn)在在十堰，大多數(shù)司機(jī)習(xí)慣了在斑馬線前停下來等行人先行。

These days， most drivers ______ to wait for people to cross the road first at the zebra crossing in Shiyan.

4. 自2008年以來，達(dá)州發(fā)生了很大變化。

Great changes ______ in Dazhou since 2008.

5. Tina不可能在教室里，她去圖書館了。

Tina ____ be in the classroom. She____ to the library.