中學(xué)生英語寫作能力的研究與實(shí)踐探索

江美云

【摘要】在初中英語教學(xué)中，如何做到突破教學(xué)難點(diǎn)，有效地提高初中生寫好英語作文的能力？筆者認(rèn)為，首先要讓學(xué)生明白英語書面表達(dá)評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，明規(guī)矩而后有方圓;其次要教會(huì)學(xué)生寫好英語作文的一般技巧，利其器而后善其事，掌握英語作文“審、列、整、加、連、美”六字技巧;最后輔之以多讀多練多改多用。

【關(guān)鍵詞】英語教學(xué);書面表達(dá);評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn);六字技巧

在初中英語教學(xué)中，書面表達(dá)既是教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，也是教學(xué)的難點(diǎn)。在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，學(xué)生最怕的恐怕就是書面表達(dá)了。因此，如何在教學(xué)中有效地突出重點(diǎn)，突破難點(diǎn)，是很值得每一位英語教師去探討的課題。在當(dāng)前的教育形勢下，深入分析并指導(dǎo)初中生寫好英語作文則是促進(jìn)初中英語教學(xué)質(zhì)量提升的重要手段，如何有效地提高初中生英語寫作的能力呢？筆者談?wù)勥@兩年在這方面做的一些嘗試與實(shí)踐。

一、讓學(xué)生明白英語書面表達(dá)評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

“無規(guī)矩不成方圓”，不明白評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，則不知道文章的得失。要讓學(xué)生寫好作文，首先得讓學(xué)生明白英語書面表達(dá)的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，讓學(xué)生有目標(biāo)著手寫作。

總評：書面表達(dá)總分15分，要點(diǎn)分為7分，語言分為8分，這是根據(jù)河源市貧困山區(qū)學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況為提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的積極性和鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生大膽寫作而定的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下，哪怕學(xué)生寫出中國式的英語也可以得分，如果文章要點(diǎn)齊全而且表達(dá)的意思不會(huì)有歧義的話，可得到7分;另外在語言分8分里，一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤扣0.5分，重復(fù)錯(cuò)誤不扣分。假設(shè)A同學(xué)按照書面表達(dá)要求寫全要點(diǎn)得7分，出現(xiàn)8個(gè)錯(cuò)誤扣4分，語言分這一塊還有4分，那么A同學(xué)的作文最后得分是11分。這種評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，大大地激起了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)欲望和寫作興趣。

細(xì)評：

第一檔：（13-15分） 審題正確，要點(diǎn)齊全;句式多樣詞匯豐富;語言準(zhǔn)確，語意連貫，表達(dá)清楚，具有邏輯性。

第二檔：（9-12分） 審題正確，要點(diǎn)齊全;語言基本通順，語意基本連貫，表達(dá)基本清楚;雖然有少量語法錯(cuò)誤，但不影響整體理解。

第三檔：（7-8分）審題正確，要點(diǎn)齊全;語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯錯(cuò)誤較多，語言不夠通順，表達(dá)不夠清楚，但不影響要點(diǎn)的理解。

第四檔：（4-6分）與題目有關(guān)內(nèi)容不多，只是簡單拼湊詞語或列出有要點(diǎn)，要點(diǎn)不齊全，語法錯(cuò)誤多，句子不夠通順。

第五檔：（0-3分） 照抄原文，所寫內(nèi)容難以理解，只是簡單拼湊詞語。

二、教會(huì)學(xué)生書面表達(dá)的寫作技巧

欲善其事，先利其器，讓學(xué)生明白評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后，接著讓他們掌握必要的寫作技巧。書面表達(dá)寫作技巧歸納總結(jié)如下六字：審、列、整、加、連、美。

1.審：審清題干中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、體裁和內(nèi)容。

2.列：根據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容列出要點(diǎn)。

3.整：整理列出的短語和句子，使之語法正確，意思通順。

4.加：加上文章的開頭和結(jié)尾。

5.連：恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接句段，使文章層次清晰。

6.美：選好詞好句、諺語等來美化文章。

三、實(shí)踐操練

For example：

話題一? 個(gè)人情況

每個(gè)人心中都有偶像，不同的人對待偶像的態(tài)度也各不相同。有些人模仿偶像的一切，有些人則從偶像身上汲取營養(yǎng)，學(xué)習(xí)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。請以“My idol”為題，寫一篇英語短文。內(nèi)容包括：

1.你的偶像是誰？

2.你為什么崇拜他/她？

3.你從他/她的身上學(xué)到了哪些可貴的品質(zhì)（至少兩點(diǎn)）？

作文要求：

1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出現(xiàn)學(xué)校的真實(shí)名稱和學(xué)生的真實(shí)姓名。

2.語句連貫，詞數(shù)80個(gè)左右。

寫作技巧：

1.審：

人稱：第三人稱單數(shù);時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主;體裁：夾敘夾議;內(nèi)容：題干中的三點(diǎn)：（1）你的偶像是誰？（2）你為什么崇拜他/她？（3）你從他/她的身上學(xué)到了哪些可貴的品質(zhì)（至少兩點(diǎn)）？

2.列：將第一步審的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)列出來

（1）Yuan Long ping

（2）devoted agricultural education and research

can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim

（3）keep on working hard without stopping.（鍥而不舍）

work in a down -to -earth way.（腳踏實(shí)地）

3.整：將第二步列的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)整理成句子（主謂賓/表）。

My idol is Yuan Long ping .

Because he devoted agricultural education and research.

He can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim.

I have learned a lot from him .

He is keeping on working hard without stopping.

He works s in a down -to -earth way.

4.加：給文章加上開頭和結(jié)尾。

首：Maybe everyone has own idol，so do I .My idol is Yuan Long ping .

Because he? devoted agricultural education and research .

He can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim.

I have learned a lot from him .

He is keeping on working hard without stopping.

He works s in a down -to -earth way.

尾 ：I want to be a person like him when I grow up .

5.連：用not only...but also...，F(xiàn)irst ， Second等關(guān)聯(lián)詞去連接句子。

Maybe everyone has own idol，so do I .My idol is Yuan Long ping .

Because he not only devoted agricultural education and research but also can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim.

I have learned a lot from him . First ，he is keeping on working hard without stopping. Second，he works s in a down -to -earth way.

I want to be a person like him when I grow up .

6.美：利用定語從句去美化文章的開頭和結(jié)尾，首尾呼應(yīng);最后用一句諺語來總結(jié)全文。

Maybe everyone has own idol，so do I .My idol is Yuan Long ping who is named “Father of hybrid rice.”He is very popular with people all over the world.

I like him very much because he not only devoted agricultural education and research? but also can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim，I have learned a lot from him. First，he is keeping on working hard without stopping.Second，he works s in a down -to -earth way.

when I grow up，I want to be a person like him who always sets a good example for the young.I believe where there is a will，there is a way.

話題二? 家庭、朋友與周圍的人

朋友在我們的生活中十分重要，他們總是陪伴著我們。當(dāng)我們快樂的時(shí)候，他們同我們一起快樂;當(dāng)我們傷心的時(shí)候，他們想辦法逗我們開心。你最好的朋友是誰？請你以“My Best Friend”為題寫一篇短文，內(nèi)容包括：

1.你的好朋友是誰，他/她有什么特點(diǎn)？

2.描述一件發(fā)生在你們之間的事情。

3.呼吁大家珍惜朋友。

作文要求：

1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出現(xiàn)學(xué)校的真實(shí)名稱和學(xué)生的真實(shí)姓名。

2.語句連貫，詞數(shù)80 個(gè)左右。開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

寫作技巧：

1.審：

人稱：第三人稱單數(shù);時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí);體裁：夾敘夾議;內(nèi)容：（1）你的好朋友是誰，他/她有什么特點(diǎn)？（2）描述一件發(fā)生在你們之間的事情。（3）呼吁大家珍惜朋友。

2.列：將第一步審的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)列出來

（1）Mary? beautiful? kind-hearted helpful

（2）have an English test

want to copy her paper，want to get good grades，

refuse，be angry with sb，be patient to do sth，help sb with/do sth.

（3）value friends

3.整：將第二步列的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)整理成句子（主謂賓/表）。

My best friend is Mary .She is beautiful and kind-hearted.She is always helpful.

One day，I had an English test，I wanted to get good grades，I wanted to copy her paper .She refused.I was angry with her .I didn't talk with her .She offered to say sorry to me .She was patient to help me with English.I was moved .I was thankful to her .

We should value our friends .

4.加：給文章加上開頭和結(jié)尾。

首：Friends are very important in our life. They are always with us. My best friend is Mary .She is beautiful and kind-hearted.She is always helpful.

One day，I had an English test，I wanted to get good grades，I wanted to copy her paper .She refused.I was angry with her .I didn't talk with her .She offered to say sorry to me .She was patient to help me with English.I was moved .I was thankful to her .

尾：Friendship is the best thing in our life.We should value our friends.

5.連：用in order to，but，the next day，so …that…，since then等關(guān)聯(lián)詞去連接句子。

Friends are very important in our life. They are always with us. My best friend is Mary .She is beautiful and kind-hearted.She is always helpful.

One day，I had an English test.In order to get good grades，I wanted to copy her paper.But she refused.I was so angry with her that I didn't talk with her.The next day，she offered to say sorry to me .She was patient to help me with English.I was so moved that I was thankful to her.

Friendship is the best thing in our life.We should value our friends .

6.美：用定語從句、諺語去美化文章。

Friends are very important in our life that are always with us. My best friend Mary who is a beautiful and kind -hearted girl and always ready to help those who are in need.

One day， I had an English test，I wanted to copy her paper to get good grades，but she refused.I was so angry that I didn't talk with her .The next day，she offered to say sorry to me and was patient to help me with English.I was so moved that I was thankful to her. Since then，we became good friends.

A friend in need is a friend indeed.The best thing in our life that is friendship. we should value our friends.

通過教會(huì)學(xué)生掌握“審、列、整、加、連、美”六字寫作技巧，學(xué)生的英語寫作興趣和寫作能力大大提高，有效地突破了英語教學(xué)的難點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然，要寫好作文的前提是得教會(huì)學(xué)生掌握好初中英語的五種簡單的基本句型。俗話說：“讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神?！庇⒄Z寫作總的來說脫離不了閱讀和練習(xí)的范疇，只有多讀多寫多練多改多用，才能提高英語寫作能力。