Unit 2 A life’s work

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基礎(chǔ)訓練

單詞拼寫 根據(jù)首字母或漢語提示，用本部分所學單詞的正確形式填空。

1.The situation was u and clear. So you were unlikely to misjudge it.

2.The newly opened g gives you a variety of goods.

3.Joanna has finally made it to the first rank of c after 25 years as an actress.

4.Before going into their meeting， the six foreign ministers p for photographs.

5.Through my （著迷） with reading， I opened the doors of literature， which had a profound impact on my life.

6.They have just returned from （遙遠的） places with wonderful stories to tell.

7.I learnt more （技能） about adjusting the lens when taking photographs for magazines and newspapers.

8.The young app designer created a program with features on pop music， sport and （時尚）.

選擇填空 用方框中所給短語填空。

regardless of approach to passion for a wide range of not once

1. Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best working things out.

2. did it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.

3. My parents are simply going to support my learning to play the piano how much it costs.

4. There are exquisite decorations for young people to choose from.

5. My righteous roommate shows me that what matters is how I express my own music so that I can excite other people.

課文語法填空

Bill Cunningham was one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years so that every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than 1 （pose） for him. Cunningham always used simple， 2 （relative） cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the streets of New York. Although he always 3 （know） where fashionable parties and events were happening， Cunningham liked to photograph ordinary people. He found 4 （inspire） where others could not.

In addition， 5 made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography. He would even stay outside in a storm， not 6 （come） back until he knew he had the right photos. He hardly ever took a day 7 and not once stayed home sick.

Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer， Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated. He never accepted the benefits 8 （offer） to him for being a fashion photographer. He was a “ 9 （culture） anthropologist”， who we can thank for recording the life of a whole city 10 its people over half a century.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

閱讀理解

In February 2021， Dr Robert Lefkowitz， a physician and biochemist， published a memoir （回憶錄）， called A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Stockholm： The Adrenaline-Fueled Adventures of an Accidental Scientist. Lefkowitz said he wanted his memoir to be “funny， interesting， and easy to understand”. In the book， he humorously describes his journey from a cardiologist （心臟病學家） to a biochemist.

Lefkowitz is no stranger to conducting experiments， making discoveries and telling stories. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Brian Kobilka. The two scientists were honored for their discoveries on the working of G-protein-coupled receptors. The scientists’ discoveries could help unlock the mysteries to many diseases.

Lefkowitz’s dream of becoming a doctor began when he was eight years old. After his father died of a heart attack， he decided to be a heart doctor. He earned his medical degree at Columbia University. Throughout his life， Lefkowitz has made many hard decisions. Before winning the Nobel Prize， he conducted countless experiments， and only 1 in 50 turned out OK. “With difficult decisions I’ve had to make， I tend to make them with my heart rather than my head，” Lefkowitz said.

The scientist has no plans for slowing down. “My body and mind are still working，” he said. “I want to continue running my lab at Duke University and writing and publishing research papers.” For more than 40 years， the Lefkowitz Lab has been a center for research on receptor biology， which is the study of how cells recognize and respond to hormones and drugs. “You could say I’m like the ‘grand old man’ of the field，” Lefkowitz said， smiling. “Everyone knows me. I enjoy mentoring. I enjoy researching. I enjoy this role.”

1. What does Lefkowitz say about his memoir？

A. It will prove to be a masterpiece. B. It is interesting to read.

C. It should be definitely inspiring. D. It can be hard to understand.

2. What word can best describe the discoveries of Lefkowitz and Kobilka？

A. Ground-breaking. B. Cost-effective. C. Adventurous. D. Accidental.

3. What made Lefkowitz determined to be a doctor initially？

A. His fine qualities. B. His personal interest.

C. His father’s death. D. His desire for success.

4. What does the last paragraph want to tell us about Lefkowitz？

A. His optimism about his great age. B. His enthusiasm for research.

C. His expectations of more prizes. D. His engagement in decision making.

閱讀七選五

For over 50 years， Zhao Yuming has been absorbed in his own world of clay figurines （泥塑）. At age 69， Zhao is the only remaining clay sculpture master craftsman in Laoting County， Hebei Province. He has been officially recognized as a master of intangible cultural heritage （非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)）. 1 This is more of a responsibility and a source of pressure.

2 In ancient times， Laoting clay figurineqvvwGZsyPOJ8YDGyGOgwnw==s were mainly children’s toys made by countryside artists. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949， there were several workshops in villages in Laoting County and the production reached a high level， but the prices were too low. 3 However， for a long period， many clay artists relied on making and selling clay figurines at those poor prices to make ends meet.

Nowadays， shopping malls are full of high-end toys， so the Laoting clay figurines have gradually fallen out of favor. 4 Zhao said that although his children have other jobs to feed their families， he still wants to pass on his skills to them and his grandchildren.

Facing a demand for sustained economic development， many regions are increasingly attaching importance to the protection of valuable traditional cultural skills. People come to realize that developing our cultural relics promotes the development of local economies. 5

A. But for him， this is not only an honor.

B. Later， it became known as “l(fā)iterary clay figurines”.

C. Clay figurines were sold for just a few pennies each.

D. Laoting clay sculpture has a nearly 500-year history.

E. Laoting clay sculpture is an important part of Zhao’s life.

F. However， some craftsmen have chosen to continue the tradition.

G. More importantly， it contributes to the goal of building “a beautiful China”.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

基礎(chǔ)訓練

單句語法填空 在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

1.Watching English movies is said to be a good approach to （large） your English vocabulary.

2. The campaign aims to raise （aware） of the conservation of wild animals.

3. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer， which is he never finishes anything.

4.She spent two years doing （try） to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.

5. We should think the box to solve the problem that has bothered us for a long time.

6. I suppose I can get a good mark which will enable me （enter） my ideal college.

7.Building a more peaceful and （prosper） future starts with ensuring quality education for all today.

8.Most of the 3D food printers now （restrict） to dry ingredients， because meat and milk products may easily go bad.

單元語法填空 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)上下文語境，結(jié)合本單元所學語法知識完成短文。

In this much-traveled world， there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists. 1 we always assume is 2 villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable. But the fact is 3 people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists， but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travelers. 4 seems as if visits to really remote villages sometimes are not enjoyable— 5 my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans.

We spent several days in a small town and we tramped through the wood for over two hours

6 we arrived at a deep stream. 7 we could see was 8 the path continued on the other side. But what we didn’t know was 9 we could get across the stream. Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored （停泊） to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep. We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side. 10 we tried to persuade him to take us， he was still reluctant （不愿意的） to do so.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

完形填空

There is an interesting story about how Pablo Picasso， the famous Spanish artist， developed the ability to produce an amazing work in just minutes.

As the story goes， Picasso was walking through the market one day when a woman 1 him. She stopped the artist， pulled out a piece of paper and said， “Mr Picasso， I am a fan of your work. Could you do a little 2 for me， please？”

Picasso smiled and 3 drew a small， but beautiful piece of art on the paper. Then， he 4 the paper back to her， saying， “That will be one million dollars.” “But Mr Picasso， it only 5 you 30 seconds to draw this little masterpiece，” said the woman. “My lady， I spend 30 years 6 to draw that masterpiece in thirty seconds，” said Picasso.

Picasso isn’t the only 7 man who worked for decades to master his craft. His 8 is typical of creative geniuses. Even people of considerable talent 9 produce amazing work before decades of 10 . A recent study tracked the 11 of Nobel Prize winners， great inventors and scientists. The researchers found most 12 work peaked （達到高峰） during the late thirties. Even in the fields of science and math， creative 13 often requires more than ten years’ work.

These findings 14 the work done by previous researchers. For example， a study done at Carnegie Mellon University by Professor John Hayes found out of 500 famous 15 pieces， nearly all were created after ten years of the composers’ career. In later studies， Hayes found similar 16 with poets and painters. He began 17 this period—hard work and little fame—as the “ten years of 18 .”

Whether you are a composer or a scientist， creativity isn’t a 19 you are born with or without. It is something that is 20 ， honed （磨煉）， and improved through real work.

1. A. welcomed B. recognized C. interviewed D. followed

2. A. chatting B. reading C. shopping D. drawing

3. A. finally B. unwillingly C. quickly D. suddenly

4. A. handed B. transported C. brought D. delivered

5. A. took B. wasted C. saved D. requested

6. A. pretending B. teaching C. learning D. intending

7. A. funny B. careful C. brave D. brilliant

8. A. journey B. painting C. model D. achievement

9. A. obviously B. rarely C. surprisingly D. possibly

10. A. instruction B. research C. practice D. formation

11. A. choices B. interests C. problems D. ages

12. A. complicated B. innovative C. important D. satisfying

13. A. advance B. collection C. development D. progress

14. A. match B. require C. include D. end

15. A. artistic B. literary C. musical D. calligraphic

16. A. patterns B. lifestyles C. conditions D. customs

17. A. looking at B. referring to C. taking over D. dressing up

18. A. review B. silence C. rise D. trick

19. A. case B. character C. quality D. role

20. A. discussed B. imagined C. considered D. discovered

語法填空

Wang Hongmei， a master in the Forbidden City， specializes in restoring damaged paintings. “I found conservation of paintings extremely 1 （challenge） at the beginning when I often had to stand for hours all day long due to the nature of the work，” Wang 2 （recall）. “Commitment and time 3 （gradual） calmed down my heart.”

It takes an 4 （experience） conservationist like Wang a whole year 5 （restore） just three to four paintings. Sometimes the work could take even 6 （long）. A scenic painting over 170 square meters in size， 7 was created by Emperor Qianlong for his retirement， was worn. Wang and her colleagues spent five years restoring the painting to its previous brilliance.

“These treasures are not simply individual items， 8 heritages of the craft and spirit passed on by the artists， collectors and conservationists of the past，” Qu Feng， one of Wang’s colleagues， said. “Strengthened conservation efforts symbolize increasing national power and 9 （proud）. If we can protect our cultural heritage to the best of our abilities， our nation will come to believe

10 itself more firmly.”

Due to the efforts by the masters in the Forbidden City， the public now can have a further understanding of cultural heritage protection.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

短文改錯

To enrich students school life and help us learn more about space exploration， our school organized a visit to the City Museum on the other day.

At the beginning， some videos about space exploration were shown to them. By watching them， we learned about many great achievement in our country. The astronauts’ devotion to the space exploration leaves a deep impression on us. Afterwards， we experienced a life and work of astronauts， like how they do in our space station. We were excited， try and touching everything.

Such a great success the activity that it was highly spoken of. Hopeful， there will be even more activities like this.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基礎(chǔ)訓練

單詞填空 用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1.Your clothes are all out of . You need to be dressed when appearing at the party. （fashion）

2.Since the Tang Dynasty， Chinese has had a major influence on the styles of Japan and Vietnam. （architecture）

3.When she smiled at me， our friendship again though its took time. （restore）

4.The of our cultural heritages has become urgent， so we ought to begin the research into them effectively. （preserve）

5.He is an businessman and his is to expand his business to the whole world. （ambition）

6.Some of the teenagers dislike by their parents， but parents tend to have a desire for . （dominate）

單句表達 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)提示翻譯句子。

1. 我們的老師鼓勵我們按照自己的節(jié)奏復習功課。（at one’s own pace）

2. 他考試不及格的原因是他學習不努力。（表語從句）

3. 我大學畢業(yè)后開始從事教學工作。（take up）

4. 我實在找不到比他更好的老板了。（not… + 比較級）

5. 他說話的聲音太大了，隔壁屋里的人都能聽見。（“so + adv.”位于句首表示強調(diào)）

提示寫作

選用所給詞匯或句型造句，并組成一段連貫的短文（80詞左右）。

preserve associate originate from focus on make an effort

The reason why… It is as if… So incredible was their skill that…

閱讀理解

A

Vincent van Gogh was born on March 30， 1853， in a small village in the Netherlands. As a child， he was serious and sensitive. He loved to draw， and his work showed talent， but no one encouraged him to become an artist. Instead， his father thought he should take a job—something like a carpenter. As a young adult， he wandered from job to job with little success and very little money， becoming more depressed with each failure. In March 1880， however， just before his 27th birthday， something changed inside van Gogh. He realized he was meant to be a painter， and he began to study art in Brussels， receiving money from his brother Theo， which helped him to live.

In 1886， van Gogh moved to Paris， hoping to learn more about color techniques being used by Impressionist artists there. Instead of grays and browns， his work began to use blue and red， and then yellow and orange. Soon he began to see life differently： Go slow. Stop thinking. Look around. You’ll see something beautiful if you open yourself. These were the principles （原則） that guided his art. With his innovative use of colors， van Gogh wanted to show his viewers how to better appreciate a flower， the night sky， or a person’s face.

Today， people around the world immediately recognize Starry Night and Sunflowers—both painted in bold， intense colors—as the work of Vincent van Gogh. Probably no other artist， at any time in any culture， has achieved such popularity. His Portrait of Dr Gachet sold in 1990 reached more than $80 million， breaking the world record for art pieces. Many of his other works have also sold for millions. Of course， people are buying great art when they purchase his paintings. But they are also buying a piece of his story， which， like his work， will live on forever.

1. What can we infer about van Gogh from Paragraph 1？

A. He got artistic talent from his father. B. He showed a strange character as a child.

C. He decided to be a painter in adulthood. D. He received art lessons by working part-time.

2. Why did van Gogh go to Paris in 1886？

A. To see life with a different view. B. To explore more color techniques.

C. To become an Impressionist artist. D. To show the way of art appreciation.

3. The author mentioned Portrait of Dr Gachet to show .

A. van Gogh’s use of colors B. the painting’s high value

C. the new record for art pieces D. van Gogh’s popularity

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？

A. To introduce a great artist. B. To promote artistic principles.

C. To encourage studies on art. D. To emphasize the value of art.

B

For the past several years， Paula Smith， a historian of science， has devoted herself to recreating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book， she came across a 16th-century French manuscript consisting of nearly 1，000 sets of instructions， covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.

The author’s intention remains as mysterious as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described.

Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand， doing things the old-fashioned way isn’t just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world， what objects filled their homes， and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems： In 2015， scientists discovered that a 10th-ce7ccce2381588e0dbddaefa302bfd47e93b77c6b76d94c467f3764ab2574a9667ntury English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.

The work has also brought insights for museums， Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What’s more， reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colors. We can’t appreciate these kinds of details wia5710329c3cff9cd6b5fbc0021eff0a6dcfc1ef9944a1632cf824298c4ec5ca8thout seeing works of art as they originally appeared.

Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together. She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation， teamwork， and problem solving.

If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork， Smith says， we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.

5. How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript？

A. Confused. B. Frightened. C. Discouraged. D. Shocked.

6. Why is the reconstruction work done according to Smith？

A. To restore old workshops. B. To take a look into the craftsmen’s life.

C. To improve visual effects. D. To inspire the philosophers.

7. Why does the author mention museums？

A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B. To present the findings of old science.

C. To highlight the importance of antiques. D. To emphasize the values of hand skills.

8. What can be the best title for the text？

A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B. Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories

C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science

完形填空

Gu Fangzhou was known as “the father of sugar pills”. He developed an oral polio vaccine （脊髓灰質(zhì)炎疫苗） which 1 reduced the disease incidence rate.

Born in 1926， he faced a 2 time with his father’s death. In school， he was teased because his family was poor. 3 unfavorable conditions， he gained admission at Peking University. He owed his early success to his mother’s 4 .

In 1955， a huge 5 of polio infected 1，680 people， which resulted in 466 deaths. The government 6 Gu to lead polio research. He made up his mind to invent a（n） 7 vaccine for the poor patients and to eradicate （消滅） polio.

To 8 polio， it’s essential to ensure a cold chain for the vaccines. However， it was 9 to provide freezers in rural areas. The 10 was achieved when Gu succeeded in developing sugar-coated pills. To test the 11 ， he took the pills himself and started the human trial. He even gave the pills to his son and 12 his workmates to do the same. “If I don’t believe in what my team produce， how can others？” said Gu.

After repeated 13 ， the pills were made. The sweet taste made it easy to give the pills to kids and the pills were easy to 14 for rural communities without freezers. “We feel 15 that kids will no longer get polio，” said Gu. “That’s what we hoped.”

1. A. slightly B. temporarily C. accidentally D. significantly

2. A. meaningful B. regretful C. difficult D. precious

3. A. Appreciating B. Overcoming C. Analyzing D. Observing

4. A. encouragement B. honesty C. kindness D. generosity

5. A. outbreak B. discovery C. research D. treatment

6. A. advised B. assigned C. expected D. allowed

7. A. special B. healthy C. affordable D. important

8. A. recover from B. wipe out C. bring in D. insist on

9. A. exciting B. discouraging C. reasonable D. impossible

10. A. breakthrough B. chance C. confidence D. belief

11. A. smell B. costs C. flavor D. effects

12. A. reminded B. requested C. inspired D. convinced

13. A. communication B. cooperation C. testing D. training

14. A. produce B. process C. present D. preserve

15. A. amazed B. satisfied C. honored D. fascinated

Writing

話題表達指導

話題介紹

話題：人物介紹。要求學生介紹人物的生平事跡、成就或貢獻以及對人物進行評價。

建議體裁：說明文。

注意事項：說明文是指以說明為主要表達方式的文體。寫作時要抓住人物的主要特征，選擇合理的說明順序，分層進行說明，注意條理清晰。另見下表：

題例導學

題目

假定你是李華。你班英語老師要求同學們用英文介紹一位體現(xiàn)工匠精神的人物。內(nèi)容如下：

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：高速動車組 high-speed EMU

思路引導1·要點分析

1. 介紹人物的基本情況（可涉及出生時間或地點、職業(yè)等）；

2. 介紹人物的主要經(jīng)歷、成就或貢獻等；

3. 對人物進行簡單的評價。

思路引導2·本單元語言知識運用

根據(jù)漢語意思及提示翻譯句子。

1. 梁建英出生于1972年，是中國高鐵設(shè)計師。（名詞短語作同位語）

2.1995年大學畢業(yè)后，她全身心地投入對中國高速鐵路的研究中。（devote oneself to）

3.2007年，她帶領(lǐng)團隊研制出時速為300—350千米的高速動車組。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語）

4.2017年，“復興號”動車組以350千米的時速投入運營，這使我們的出行更加方便、快捷。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語）

5.正因為她對我們國家做出的杰出貢獻，中國在全世界的高鐵領(lǐng)域占據(jù)著領(lǐng)先地位。（it is… that…）

思路引導3·連句成篇

范例展示

Liang Jianying， a designer of the Chinese high-speed EMU， was born in 1972. Since graduating from college in 1995， she has been devoting herself to researching into the Chinese high-speed railway. In 2007， she led a team to create the high-speed EMU operating at the speed of 300—350 km/h. In 2017， the Fuxing EMU was put into service with the speed of 350 km/h， making it more convenient for us to get around quickly.

It is because of her outstanding contributions to our country that China is playing a leading role in high-speed railways all over the world.

話題表達

假定你是李華。上周你參觀了市博物館舉辦的一位著名畫家的作品展。請用英語寫一篇短文，介紹這位偉大的畫家。內(nèi)容包括：

1. 人物簡介；

2. 作品風格或主題；

3. 人物評價。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短語與句型回顧

短語

1. nothing 只不過；僅僅

2. 為……擺好姿勢

3. with 對……迷戀

4. to 獻身于；對……熱愛

5. of 不管，不顧

6. 一次也不

7. 接近；……的方式

8. for 對……的強烈愛好

9.by 反復試驗（以得出最佳結(jié)果）

10. for 考慮到，顧及

11. to 有助于

12. back 退讓；認輸

13.the （某事物發(fā)展的）尖端，最前沿

14.think 不拘一格地思考，跳脫框框思考

15.break 開辟新的領(lǐng)域；有新發(fā)現(xiàn)

16. at one’s 以自己的節(jié)奏

17. ， day out 日復一日

18. from 來自；源于

19. from… to… 范圍從……到……

20. bring… 使……復活

21. 同意做；承擔

22. up 開始從事；學著做

句型

1. “it was… that…”強調(diào)句型

These things were real， and （在它們的真實中） Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.

2. what引導表語從句

This devotion and hard work is （我們看到的） reflected within his photos.

3. given （that）…句式

（考慮到工作的復雜性） and the lack of necessary materials， this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year.

4. 過去分詞短語作狀語

What’s more， （在繼承父業(yè)這一壯志的激勵下）， Mr Wang’s son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks.

5. “否定副詞never/not + 形容詞比較級”表示最高級含義

In today’s fast-paced world， the saying that “time waits for no man” has

（似乎再貼切不過了）.

6. “so + adj.”位于句首表示強調(diào)

（他們的技術(shù)令人難以置信） many of their buildings survived earthquakes…

請根據(jù)提示，運用本單元核心知識，以“一位具有工匠精神的人物”為話題，進行表達。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. Showing great interest in... at an early age， ... started to learn... from...

2. He/She worked hard and spent most of his/her time in...

3. His/Her works turned out to be... and he/she received wide support from...