翻譯擂臺(tái)（第39期）

林巍

【原文】

歲月的流逝

林清玄

[1] 我們?cè)谌松?，隨著歲月的流逝而感覺(jué)到自己的成長(zhǎng)（其實(shí)是一種老去），會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)每一個(gè)階段都擁有了不同的朋友，[2] 友誼雖不至于散失，聚散卻隨因緣流轉(zhuǎn)，常常轉(zhuǎn)到我們一回首感到驚心的地步。[3] 比較可悲的是，那些特別相知的朋友往往遠(yuǎn)在天際，泛泛之交卻在眼前，因此，生活里經(jīng)常令我們陷入一種人生寂寥的境地。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

歲末年初，最容易讓人感嘆日月消長(zhǎng)、時(shí)光不復(fù)。隨著年齡的增加，對(duì)此可能更會(huì)有不同的感受。

關(guān)于題目“歲月的流逝”，有各種譯法，有的用了Time Flies，看似不錯(cuò)，但細(xì)加分析，該短語(yǔ)主要是感嘆時(shí)光飛逝、歲月如梭，如：①Time flies by， and a world of changes has occurred.（光陰荏苒，世事滄桑。）②These five years have seemed to me like 5 months. Time flies?。ㄟ@5年對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)就像5個(gè)月一樣，時(shí)光飛逝?。┤欢?，該文著意“隨著歲月的流逝”，即強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過(guò)程”，而非“速度”，類(lèi)似的如經(jīng)典影片《卡薩布蘭卡》（Casablanca）的插曲《時(shí)光流逝》（As Time Goes By）中唱道：“I love you more and more each day / As time goes by”（時(shí)光流逝，對(duì)你的愛(ài)戀卻與日俱增。）夏丏尊的名篇《中年人的寂寞》中有：“不消說(shuō)，相識(shí)的人數(shù)是隨了年齡增加的，一個(gè)人年齡越大，走過(guò)的地方當(dāng)過(guò)的職務(wù)越多，相識(shí)的人理該越增加了?！敝g家張培基的譯文為：Needless to say， the number of acquaintances increases with ones age. The older one gets， the more widely traveled one is and the more work experience one has， the more acquaintances one is supposed to have.這些表達(dá)都有“隨著歲月而發(fā)生……”之意，故此處不妨用：As Years Go By…

對(duì)于[1]，許多人都按部就班地依原文譯成“In our lives， we could realize that we grow up （a kind of aging， actually）”“In our lifetime， we feel certain inner growth with the flow of years （which， in essence， is a sign of ageing）”等，其實(shí)，中英文的語(yǔ)序在譯文里不必刻板，而可根據(jù)要表達(dá)或強(qiáng)調(diào)的意思相當(dāng)靈活地加以處理，特別是狀語(yǔ)。例如，“有時(shí)候在外面玩兒到半夜才回家睡覺(jué)，于是又夢(mèng)見(jiàn)玩兒的情景”，若循規(guī)蹈矩地譯成“Sometimes， I played outside till midnight， and then sent to sleep. So I dreamed again of how I played.”不免顯得呆滯，不如調(diào)整語(yǔ)序譯為“Not until midnight did I go home to sleep， and then I dreamed what happened during the day.”更符英文表達(dá)方式。有的調(diào)整幅度甚至很大：西洋人究竟近乎白癡，什么事都只講究腳踏實(shí)地去做，這樣費(fèi)力氣的勾當(dāng)，我們聰明的中國(guó)人，簡(jiǎn)直連牙齒都要笑掉了。（Because of their earnest and down-to-earth approach to work， Westerners are， in the eyes of Chinese smarties，next door to idiot.）同時(shí)，亦可不必受制于原文的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)（如其中的括號(hào)），而在譯文中加以展開(kāi)，更顯平實(shí)、自然。

故此，該部分不妨譯為：As years go by， we can feel our growth， as a kind of ageing. At every stage of life， we make friends with all sorts of people.

[2]中，“聚散卻隨因緣流轉(zhuǎn)”是個(gè)焦點(diǎn)，表層意思固然是“its （in terms of friendship） gathering or departure is transferred by fate”“many of them come and go by such an uncertain twist of fate”“makes our friends and us gather and separate by karma”“gatherings and partings are steered by our destinies”等，但其深層含義是，經(jīng)過(guò)世態(tài)炎涼，友誼經(jīng)過(guò)了各種測(cè)試、揀選、考驗(yàn)，分流出了下文所講的“特別相知的朋友”和“泛泛之交”，故應(yīng)有 the friendship has been tested by various turbulences 之意。

“回首”，一般譯成as we look back、when looking back、call to mind、recollect、turning round等，固然都不錯(cuò)，但hindsight別有含義（understanding the nature of an event after it has happened; the ability to understand and realize something about an event after it has happened， although you did not understand or realize it at the time）似更為恰當(dāng)。

至于“驚心”，有的用了shock，其實(shí)該詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是suddenly、accidentally （something suddenly happens which is unpleasant or upsetting; the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally），而surprise強(qiáng)調(diào)的是unexpected、unanticipated （the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected or unanticipated happens to you）。二者比較，顯然后者占優(yōu)。

因而，該部分似可譯為：While friendship may not be easily lost， various turbulences do test its endurance， to a point which may surprise us in hindsight.

[3]中，“特別相知的朋友”，顯然不只是those who know us particularly well， 而是“相互理解的”bosom friends、soul mates等;“泛泛之交”，一般可用general friends、nodding/bowing/casual acquaintances等。較為典型的譯文，如“The more grief is that friends whom we know from the bottom of our hearts are poles away and whom we know skin deep are in front of ones eyes， consequently we fall into a solitary situation in our life.”“We scarcely lose our most prominent friendship， but couldnt be with our friends for long. With the glimpse of the looking footprints， things are barely recalling the permanent terror and regrets.”等。就此，上文提到的夏丏尊亦有類(lèi)似論述：“可是相識(shí)的人并不就是朋友。我們和許多人相識(shí)，或是因了事務(wù)關(guān)系，或是因了偶然的機(jī)緣——如在別人請(qǐng)客的時(shí)候同席吃過(guò)飯之類(lèi)。見(jiàn)面時(shí)點(diǎn)頭或握手，有事時(shí)走訪(fǎng)或通信，口頭上彼此也稱(chēng)‘朋友，筆頭上有時(shí)或稱(chēng)‘仁兄，諸如此類(lèi)，其實(shí)只是一種社交上的客套，和‘頓首‘百拜同是儀式的虛偽。這種交際可以說(shuō)是社交，和真正的友誼相差似乎很遠(yuǎn)?！睆埮嗷淖g文為：But not all acquaintances are friends. We come to know many people either in the way of business or by mere chance—say， having been at the same table at a dinner party. We may be on nodding or hand-shaking terms， call each other “friend”， sometimes write to each other with the salutation of “Dear So-and-So”， etc.， etc. All these are， in fact， nothing but civilities of social life， as hypocritical as the polite formula dunshou （kowtow） or baibai （a hundred greetings） used after the signature in old-fashioned Chinese letter-writing. We may call them social intercourse， but they seem to have very little in common with genuine friendship. 這段譯文雖用詞平淡，卻深淺有度，固敘述平實(shí)，仍情理之致，在某種程度上，可作為此段譯文的注腳和參照。

故此，該部分不妨譯為：Sadly， we often find that bosom friends are far away and casual acquaintances widely present， frequently trapping us in loneliness.

悠悠歲月，蕓蕓眾生，實(shí)在有寫(xiě)不完且譯不盡的精彩、感嘆與無(wú)奈，這也正是生花妙筆的用武之地。