維特拉廠房，萊茵河畔魏爾，德國

建筑設計：SANAA建筑事務所，NKBAK事務所

1 外景/Exterior view

2 鳥瞰/Aerial view

在維特拉校園的一角佇立著最后一個老舊廠房。SANAA 被邀請用一個新的裝配構筑物替代現(xiàn)有的工業(yè)空間：一個可供多方使用者共享、原尺寸2 倍大的廠房。

我們在呈直角的場地內(nèi)提出了一個可替代舊有傳統(tǒng)廠房的圓形設計方案。方案的造型和所在位置使得建筑可以自由地佇立在周邊環(huán)境之中，不分正面或背面，從各個方向都可以探索它。隨著后勤運輸層面的最新進展，貨車可以在廠房周邊的任意方向自由地行駛、?？俊?/p>

盡管建筑的輪廓呈現(xiàn)出一種自由之感，但內(nèi)部布局經(jīng)過了嚴謹?shù)亟M織。大到結構小到灑水口的布局，網(wǎng)格狀的設計思路貫穿了項目始終。不同區(qū)域、不同貨架和不同商品都經(jīng)過了精心排布以滿足物流需求。廠房的結構由高9.5m 的細長鋼柱組成，主梁及桁架尺寸為17.5m×22.8m。使用圓弧形混凝土立面來支撐并穩(wěn)定構筑物，使得我們可以將鋼材的結構尺寸最小化。

自然光通過大量開設的線形屋頂天窗滲透進來，經(jīng)由屋頂?shù)陌咨摻Y構進一步漫射，營造出一個愉悅的工作環(huán)境。除了主要的工作區(qū)域，該廠房還包含幾個小型辦公室、車間及快餐區(qū)。

3 立面/Fa?ade

外立面上，定制的波紋掛板包覆著建筑，猶如一組優(yōu)雅的幕布，既揭示又隱藏了內(nèi)部的活動。我們對工業(yè)產(chǎn)品低成本、標準化的常規(guī)形狀和尺寸進行了調整，以打造獨特的外觀。3 種波紋不同的模具打造出了6 種掛板，掛板沿立面排列形成了節(jié)奏的變化。光滑的白色丙烯酸掛板映襯出周邊的樹木與建筑，將這個大體量的工業(yè)廠房與維特拉的景觀融為一體。

廠房下方是一個可為維特拉的訪客及員工提供存儲空間及地下停車場的大型地下室。項目總占地面積30,535m2，分兩期建成。建筑已于2012 年12 月完工。（天妮 譯）

The last of the old factory buildings stands in a corner of the Vitra Campus. SANAA was asked to replace the existing space with a new storage and assembly building: an industrial shed twice the size of the original one to be shared by several users.

We proposed a round design, offering an alternative to the present tradition of factory buildings set at right angles on the site. The shape and position of the shed allow the building to stand freely amongst its neighbours, with no front or back,allowing it to be explored from all directions. With the latest developments in logistical flows, lorries are free to circulate around the perimetre of the shed and to dock and then drive off in several directions.

The silhouette of the building conveys a sense of freedom but the internal layout is strictly organised.A grid-like design runs through the project, from the structure to the sprinkler layouts. The different areas, shelves and goods are carefully arranged to suit logistical needs. The shed structure comprises slender 9.5-metres-high steel columns, with the main I-girders and trusses running 17.5 m by 22.8 m metres. Using the circular concrete fa?ade to brace and stabilise the building meant we could keep the structural measurements of the steel to a minimum.

Natural daylight filters into the shed through numerous linear roof lights to be further diffused by the white steel structure in the roof, creating a pleasant working environment. As well as the main working area, the building contains several small offices, workshops and snack areas.

On the exterior, customised corrugated panels envelop the building like an elegant curtain that both reveals and hides the activities inside. We altered the regular shape and size of a standard,low-cost industrial product to create a unique appearance. Three differently shaped moulds create six individual panels which are arranged to compose a changing rhythm along the fa?ade. The white,glossy surface of the acrylic panels reflects the surrounding trees and buildings and helps this vast industrial shed to blend in with the Vitra landscape.

Below the building is a large basement with storage spaces and underground parking for Vitra guests and employees. The project covers a total surface area of 30,535 m2and is built in two phases. The whole building has been completed by December 2012.

4 總平面/Site plan

5 首層平面/Ground floor plan

6 天花平面/Ceiling plan

15 外景/Exterior view

16 立面細部/Fa?ade detail

17 立面體系/Elevation scheme

18 外景/Exterior views

19 外景/Exterior views

評論

王國鈺：在方正直角的場地上采用圓形平面的設計方案，是維特拉工廠的顯著特點。圓形平面，使建筑自由佇立在周邊環(huán)境中，不分正面或背面，建筑形象令人印象深刻。圓形平面同樣為廠房的運輸和交通帶來靈活性。外立面采用光滑的白色丙烯酸掛板，富有節(jié)奏變化和韻律感，純粹且極具視覺沖擊。難能可貴的是，以圓形平面生成外輪廓，內(nèi)部布局卻是網(wǎng)格狀，該設計思路貫穿始終，合理的布局和物流、實用經(jīng)濟的建構以及舒適的工作環(huán)境均在設計考量之中。

張小龍：在傳統(tǒng)概念中，工業(yè)廠房的樣子多為輕質鋼結構的方盒子，工業(yè)建筑的最大追求就是既要滿足不同行業(yè)生產(chǎn)工藝及產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)要求，又要用最低的投入取得最大的收益。SANAA建筑事務所的方案在呈直角的場地內(nèi)提出了一個替代舊有傳統(tǒng)廠房的圓形廠房設計方案，用一個不規(guī)則圓形（半徑接近80m）來詮釋這個舊廠房替代設計方案的突破和更新。從另一個視角揭示工業(yè)廠房的設計可以如此超乎尋常，潔凈優(yōu)雅，給工業(yè)建筑設計師以無限的空間想象。設計無論是從總圖布置還是單體平面的功能分區(qū)，無論從屋頂天窗設計還是外墻輕質模塊化白色丙烯酸掛板波紋板的采用和造型設計，都體現(xiàn)了對傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)建筑設計有選擇的繼承與突破，以及大膽的創(chuàng)新與嘗試。

Comments

WANG Guoyu: The outstanding feature of the project is that it adopts a circular plan on the rectangular site.The circular plan enables the building to freely stand in the surrounding environment, regardless front or back, and has an impressive architectural image. The circular plan also brings the factory the flexibility of transportation and communication. The fa?ade is made up of smooth white acrylic panels, which is full of rhythm, pure and visually striking. It is noteworthy that the idea of the round outline of the plan with the grid layout of the circular plan is undergirded throughout the design. Reasonable layout and logistics, practical and economical construction, and comfortable working environment are all considered in the design. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)

ZHANG Xiaolong: In traditional concept, the factory should look like a light steel-structure box whose greatest pursuit is to not only meet the demand of different technologies of different industries and production, but also get the highest profit from the lowest input. SANAA proposes an alternative for the traditional factories which is a circular plan on the rectangular site – an irregular circle (with a radius of nearly 80 m) to demonstrate the breakthrough and innovation of the alternative design of old factories.It reveals that the design of industrial workshop can be so extraordinary, clean and elegant from another perspective, which gives industrial architecture designers infinite space imagination. Whether from the master plan or the functional zoning, whether from the design of roof skylight or the application and stylistic design of light modular white acrylic pendant corrugated plate on the exterior wall, all suggest the selective inheritance and breakthrough of traditional industrial architecture design, as well as bold innovation and attempt. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)