基于DEB理論的皺紋盤鮑個(gè)體生長(zhǎng)模型參數(shù)的測(cè)定*

段嬌陽 劉 慧 陳四清 蔣增杰 藺 凡 常麗榮 盧龍飛

基于DEB理論的皺紋盤鮑個(gè)體生長(zhǎng)模型參數(shù)的測(cè)定*

段嬌陽1,2劉 慧2①陳四清2蔣增杰2藺 凡2常麗榮3盧龍飛3

(1. 上海海洋大學(xué)水產(chǎn)科學(xué)國家級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)示范中心 水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物遺傳育種中心上海市協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心 上海水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖工程技術(shù)研究中心 上海 201306；2. 中國水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院黃海水產(chǎn)研究所 農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部海洋漁業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 青島 266071；3. 威海長(zhǎng)青海洋科技股份有限公司 榮成 264316)

皺紋盤鮑；DEB理論；模型參數(shù)

動(dòng)態(tài)能量收支(Dynamic energy budget, DEB)理論是Kooijman(1986)基于原則提出的，描述生物攝食同化的能量一部分()用于維持身體結(jié)構(gòu)生長(zhǎng)，另一部分(1–)用于性腺成熟和繁殖儲(chǔ)備(Kooijman, 2000)。依據(jù)DEB理論而建立的個(gè)體生長(zhǎng)模型，又稱動(dòng)態(tài)能量收支模型、DEB模型，不僅能夠量化能量在整個(gè)生物生活史階段的分配情況(Sousa, 2010; Ren, 2001；Kooijman, 2010)，而且能夠模擬生物在一段時(shí)期內(nèi)的生長(zhǎng)狀況。DEB理論的關(guān)鍵是基于物種之間代謝的相似性，且都遵循原則。DEB模型是參數(shù)化模型，原則上相同的基礎(chǔ)模型結(jié)構(gòu)可用于所有的生物物種，模型表現(xiàn)出的物種在生命史上的差異主要是由于DEB參數(shù)集合的差異(Sousa, 2006)。因此，參數(shù)對(duì)于DEB模型的構(gòu)建十分重要，參數(shù)越準(zhǔn)確，模型的擬合效果越好(Ren, 2008; 張繼紅等, 2016)。目前，DEB模型已成功應(yīng)用于水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖，包括魚類(Orestis, 2019)、貝類(Bourlès, 2009)、大型海藻(蔡碧瑩等, 2019)和海參(Ren, 2016)等。

1 材料與方法

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

選取殼長(zhǎng)為(5.91±0.26) cm的皺紋盤鮑用于饑餓實(shí)驗(yàn)。選取不同規(guī)格[分為3組：a組殼長(zhǎng)為(2.37± 0.18) cm，b組為(4.65±0.11) cm，c組為(6.21±0.51) cm]分別用于溫度對(duì)耗氧的影響實(shí)驗(yàn)和生物學(xué)測(cè)量。樣品均取自山東省榮成市尋山集團(tuán)。皺紋盤鮑去掉表層附著物之后置于實(shí)驗(yàn)室水槽中24 h充氣暫養(yǎng)，暫養(yǎng)水溫為(18±1)℃，鹽度為30，暫養(yǎng)3 d，成活率穩(wěn)定后開始正式實(shí)驗(yàn)。

實(shí)驗(yàn)于2018年9月~10月初、10月底~12月在威海長(zhǎng)青海洋科技股份有限公司國家海產(chǎn)貝類研究中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行。

1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

1.2.2 單位干重耗氧率的影響 將暫養(yǎng)的3種規(guī)格的皺紋盤鮑分為5組，每組5只，由室溫18℃逐步升溫或降溫至5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃和25℃5個(gè)溫度梯度，防止皺紋盤鮑因溫度驟變不適應(yīng)而死亡。溶解氧采用碘量法測(cè)定，耗氧實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行1~2 h，在密閉的呼吸室中測(cè)定初始和終末耗氧率(DO)，并測(cè)定鮑的軟組織干重(DW)。

1.2.3 生物學(xué)測(cè)定 取100只不同規(guī)格的鮑測(cè)定其生物學(xué)參數(shù)，包括殼長(zhǎng)()、總濕重()、軟組織濕重(WW)及軟組織干重(DW)。殼長(zhǎng)用游標(biāo)卡尺(精度0.01 mm)測(cè)量；重量采用電子天平(精度0.01 g)稱量。體積()通常較難測(cè)量，一般根據(jù)軟組織濕重和密度(1.1 g/cm3)的乘積得到(Sablani, 2004)。

1.3 數(shù)據(jù)分析

實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果運(yùn)用Excel 2016進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)與線性回歸估計(jì)并作圖；采用SPSS 22.0分析軟件進(jìn)行單因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)得到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差，最終結(jié)果以平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(Mean±SD)表示。

2 結(jié)果

實(shí)驗(yàn)共進(jìn)行35 d，期間不投喂。隨著饑餓時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)，皺紋盤鮑軟組織干重和耗氧率逐漸降低。鮑呼吸耗氧率由最初2.69 mg/(ind.?h)逐漸下降，到第30天左右逐漸穩(wěn)定在0.8 mg/(ind.?h) (圖1)，軟組織干重由(5.21±0.89) g降低至(3.84±0.22) g(圖2)，并基本保持恒定。軟組織干重和呼吸耗氧率較初始值下降26.3%和70%，皺紋盤鮑軟組織有機(jī)物含量從80%降到58% (表1)。

圖1 皺紋盤鮑耗氧率隨饑餓時(shí)間的變化情況

圖2 皺紋盤鮑軟組織干重(A)和存儲(chǔ)物質(zhì)(B)隨饑餓時(shí)間變化情況

表1 饑餓實(shí)驗(yàn)相關(guān)參數(shù)計(jì)算值

Tab.1 Parameter calculation value related to the starvation experiment

2.2 Arrhenius溫度的值

表2 3組皺紋盤鮑生物學(xué)特征

Tab.2 Biological characteristics of three groups of H. discus hannai

圖3 不同大小的皺紋盤鮑在不同溫度下的單位干重耗氧率

圖4 皺紋盤鮑單位干重耗氧率的ln值與溫度的倒數(shù)線性關(guān)系

2.3 形狀系數(shù)δm的值

通過擬合回歸，皺紋盤鮑殼長(zhǎng)與體積符合三次函數(shù)(圖5)：=0.06393.1621(2=0.9852)，根據(jù)公式(6)殼長(zhǎng)與軟組織濕重的立方根線性回歸的斜率(圖5)即為形狀系數(shù)的值為0.43。

圖5 皺紋盤鮑殼長(zhǎng)與軟組織濕重的關(guān)系

3 討論

3.1 貝類DEB模型參數(shù)獲取方法

3.2 不同貝類DEB模型參數(shù)的差異

目前已有多種雙殼貝類DEB模型參數(shù)的報(bào)道，其中，形狀系數(shù)主要在0.17~0.39范圍內(nèi)，如太平洋牡蠣()的值為0.175，紫貽貝()為0.287，蝦夷扇貝為0.32等(van der Veer, 2006)。本研究測(cè)得的皺紋盤鮑形狀系數(shù)是0.43，比已報(bào)道的雙殼貝類數(shù)值要大，這也許與皺紋盤鮑是單殼貝類，其軟組織濕重與殼長(zhǎng)的比值要高于雙殼貝類。

DEB模型中其他的參數(shù)，如溫度函數(shù)中溫度的上下限可根據(jù)鮑生長(zhǎng)溫度確定，結(jié)構(gòu)物質(zhì)體積根據(jù)鮑性腺發(fā)育成熟的殼長(zhǎng)計(jì)算，吸收效率可根據(jù)已有研究得出。

DEB模型已廣泛應(yīng)用于雙殼貝類，但對(duì)于鮑等單殼貝類研究較少。本研究通過實(shí)驗(yàn)計(jì)算了6個(gè)參數(shù)值，為進(jìn)一步構(gòu)建皺紋盤鮑DEB模型提供了必需的參數(shù)值，也為進(jìn)一步研究其他單殼貝類提供了理論依據(jù)。

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The Measurement of Parameters for the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) Model in(Disk Abalone)

DUAN Jiaoyang1,2, LIU Hui2①, CHEN Siqing2, JIANG Zengjie2, LIN Fan2, CHANG Lirong3, LU Longfei3

(1. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201306; 2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071; 3. Weihai Changqing Ocean Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Rongcheng 264316)

; Dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory; Model parameters

LIU Hui, E-mail: liuhui@ysfri.ac.cn

S917

A

2095-9869(2020)05-0013-08

10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20190722001

http://www.yykxjz.cn/

段嬌陽, 劉慧, 陳四清, 蔣增杰, 藺凡, 常麗榮, 盧龍飛. 基于DEB理論的皺紋盤鮑個(gè)體生長(zhǎng)模型參數(shù)的測(cè)定. 漁業(yè)科學(xué)進(jìn)展, 2020, 41(5): 110–117

Duan JY, Liu H, Chen SQ, Jiang ZJ, Lin F, Chang LR, Lu LF. The measurement of parameters for the dynamic energy budget (DEB) model in(disk abalone). Progress in Fishery Sciences, 2020, 41(5): 110–117

* 科技部國際創(chuàng)新合作專項(xiàng)“基于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖空間規(guī)劃研究”(2016YFE0112600)和“歐盟地平線2020項(xiàng)目”(633476-H2020-SFS-2014-2015)共同資助 [This work was supported by the Key Programme for International Cooperation on Scientific and Technological Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology (2016YFE0112600), and Optimizing Space Available for European Aquaculture (AquaSpace) (633476-H2020-SFS-2014-2015)]. 段嬌陽，E-mail: d1395127939@163.com

劉 慧，研究員，E-mail: liuhui@ysfri.ac.cn

2019-07-22,

2019-08-02

(編輯 陳 輝)