高穎
近年來高考英語書面表達(dá)把準(zhǔn)確并恰當(dāng)使用高級句式作為獲取高分的最重要依據(jù)。一些高級句式因?yàn)楸磉_(dá)效果好、使用頻率高而成為名副其實(shí)的名句,恰當(dāng)使用這些名句會為書面表達(dá)增添一道亮麗的風(fēng)景線,有力地提升其表達(dá)效果。
1. such as列舉句型
such as常用來列舉參與某一活動的人或事物,使用時前面往往用一個總述句說明參與某一活動的人或事物多,然后用such as列舉幾個例子加以說明,被列舉的例子通常為名詞、動名詞及其短語,常體現(xiàn)短小精悍、對稱協(xié)調(diào)的特點(diǎn)。因此,使用such as列舉句型時應(yīng)注意被列舉名詞的恰當(dāng)形式,比如有些應(yīng)用修飾語修飾,有些該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
There are many places of interest in ???Beijing, such as the Summer Palace, the Forbidden City and the Great Wall. 北京有許多名勝,例如頤和園、紫禁城和長城。
There will be many activities in this ??summer camp, such as swimming, skating and exploring. 這次夏令營中有許多活動,例如游泳、溜冰和探險。
2. such be總結(jié)句型
such be常用來對人物介紹、單位介紹和活動介紹作總結(jié),多用在文章末尾。such be后常接名詞,名詞后面接另一個名詞做同位語。為使該句型顯得內(nèi)容充實(shí),外形豐滿,可在同位語名詞前加幾個形容詞進(jìn)行修飾。
Such is my hometown, a beautiful, rich and famous city. 這就是我的家鄉(xiāng),一個美麗、富饒的名城。
Such is Li Ping, a modest, simple but gifted young girl. 這就是李平,一個謙虛、單純但很有才華的年輕女孩。
3. “with +名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/介詞”獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)句型
“with +名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/介詞”獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)句型往往用在描繪性文字中做伴隨狀語,使得被描繪的內(nèi)容顯得更為生動形象。
She looked at the young man with a smile on her face. 她面帶微笑看著那個年輕人。
He stood there with his lips trembling. 他站在那兒,嘴唇不斷地顫抖。
4. 現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語句型
現(xiàn)在分詞常做狀語,以增加被描繪內(nèi)容的形象性和生動性。
The boy fell from the tree, crying loudly. 男孩高聲叫喊著從樹上摔下來。
She sat on a stone, thinking deeply. 她坐在一塊石頭上沉思。
5. 感嘆句
what和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句可抒發(fā)內(nèi)心強(qiáng)烈情感,增強(qiáng)文章感染性。what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)為:What + a / an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!或What + adj. +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)為:How +原級形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!
What a kind and strict teacher he is! 他是一位多么和藹又嚴(yán)格的老師??!
How beautiful the scenery there is! 那兒的風(fēng)景多美啊!6. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
強(qiáng)調(diào)句可以根據(jù)需要對某一內(nèi)容給予特別關(guān)注,以抒發(fā)內(nèi)心特殊情感。
It was under the correct leadership of the party that we made great achievements. 是在黨的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下我們才取得巨大成就的。
I will never forget it was my teacher that helped me overcome all kinds of difficulty. 我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記是我的老師幫助我克服各種困難的。
7. It is well-known that...句型
It is well-known that...用來表示常識性事實(shí),在文中起到增強(qiáng)文章說服力的作用。該句型也可以表達(dá)為As we all know...
It is well-known that happiness lies in hard work. 眾所周知,幸福存在于艱苦的勞動之中。
As we all know, knowledge begins with practice. 眾所周知,實(shí)踐出真知。
8. Recently we have had a heated ??discussion on whether... or not.句型
該句型常用在比較式議論文的開頭,以便連接論點(diǎn)。
Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether we should play computer games or not. 近來我們就是否可以打電腦游戲進(jìn)行了激烈的討論。
Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether we should set off fireworks on the Spring Festival or not. 最近我們就是否可以在春節(jié)期間燃放煙花爆竹舉行了討論。
9. ...has its advantages and disadvantages.
該句型常用在比較式議論文的末尾,對所述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
Playing computer games has its advantages and disadvantages, so we should keep it under control. 打電腦游戲有利也有弊,所以我們應(yīng)該有所控制。
Setting off fireworks has its advantages and disadvantages, so we should make it on a limited bases. 燃放煙花爆竹有利有弊,所以我們應(yīng)該有所限制。
10. It is no wonder that... 主語從句
該句型可用來表示剛剛了解到的某事理所當(dāng)然的結(jié)果。
I am told that he studies very hard and it is no wonder that he stands out in every ??subject. 有人告訴我他學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦,難怪他各門學(xué)科都表現(xiàn)突出。
His parents have both injured and it is no wonder that he looks so depressed. 他的父母都受傷了,難怪他看起來這么憂傷。
【鞏固練習(xí)】
根據(jù)提示將下列各句譯成英語。
1. 這就是魏芳,一個聰明、勤奮、自信的女孩。(such be)
2. 月亮出來了,我們開始往家走。(“with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))
3.她滿眼含淚地離開了老師的辦公室。(“with+名詞+介詞”獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))
4. 她姐姐是多么體貼的一個女孩?。。╳hat引導(dǎo)感嘆句)
5. 因?yàn)樽隽艘患檬?,她顯得多么高興?。。╤ow引導(dǎo)感嘆句)
6. 是王東把這個男孩從燃燒的房子中救出來的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
7. 眾所周知,只有通過使用英語我們才能學(xué)好英語。(It is well-known that...句型)
8. 近來我們對中學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該吸煙進(jìn)行了激烈討論。(Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether... or not.句型)
9. 據(jù)說李平病了,難怪他今天沒有來上學(xué)。(It is no wonder that...句型)
10. 讀小說有利有弊,因此我們應(yīng)該有選擇地讀。(...has its advantages and disadvantages.句型)
11.眾所周知,良好的開端是成功的一半。(As we all know...句型)
12. 老人站在那兒沉思。(現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語)