酷酷的手冊(cè)飛行員

高維微

“90后”徐呂的夢想是當(dāng)一名特種兵。陰差陽錯(cuò)，他成了重慶航空的一名飛行員。

雖說夢想與現(xiàn)實(shí)有些出入，但徐呂并不失望，“因?yàn)轱w行員很酷”

Xu Lv，a"post-90s"， who'sdream was to be a SpecialForces soldier， became apilot of Chongqing Airlinesunexpectedly.

Although there is a discrepancybetween his dream andthe reality， Xu Lv is notdisappointed at all， "becausepilots look so cool".

因?yàn)樨?zé)任而酷

Cool Because of Responsibility

從外表上看，徐呂戴著墨鏡，頭發(fā)梳得一絲不茍，制服筆挺，皮鞋锃亮，加上一米八的個(gè)子，和電視劇中的飛行員一樣，非常醋。

在徐呂最初的認(rèn)知里，飛行員的“醋”正是制服、打扮這些外在的“顏值”。不過，真正接觸到民航客機(jī)后，他才理解，這一身行頭可不是為了?？?，其實(shí)是為了工作需要。戴墨鏡是為了防止在高空飛行時(shí)太陽直射影響視線;一身制服則是為了打造嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、縝密的專業(yè)形象……

飛行員的醋，在于責(zé)任感。徐呂解釋，“民航客機(jī)飛行員責(zé)任重大，航空公司將價(jià)值上億的飛機(jī)交到飛行員手中，就必須對(duì)企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)。兩百多名旅客將生命交到我手里，我必須帶領(lǐng)他們安全抵達(dá)目的地。”

事實(shí)上，飛行員恰恰最不能放飛自我：“我們其實(shí)是最沒有個(gè)性的一群人，我們被叫做手冊(cè)飛行員?！?/p>

所謂手冊(cè)，指的是飛行員操作指南，也就是“SOP”。SOP明確指出了飛行員在飛機(jī)駕駛艙的每一步操作流程，并通過固定的操作方式，讓飛機(jī)安全運(yùn)行。

在他儲(chǔ)存的空客A320SOP資料里，僅僅《重慶航空A320機(jī)型SOP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)喊話概要》就有15頁內(nèi)容。實(shí)際操作過程中，按照SOP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，僅是繞機(jī)檢查這一項(xiàng)工作，就有21項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的檢查項(xiàng)目。至于執(zhí)飛一趟航班具體有多少操作，徐呂說，“沒具體算過，但肯定不少于兩百個(gè)。”

“SOP的每一條規(guī)則都是前輩反復(fù)研究、實(shí)踐總結(jié)得來的，操作起來雖然瑣碎，但在特殊時(shí)候能保證安全。飛行過程，只要發(fā)現(xiàn)了問題，就能按SOP解決問題，就算發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)起火我們也能把飛機(jī)飛回來。”徐呂解釋。

在徐呂看來，“手冊(cè)飛行員”可以理解為做事有理有據(jù)，嚴(yán)格按照規(guī)章制度。當(dāng)這些工作習(xí)慣滲入到他的生活時(shí)，徐呂也變成了一個(gè)有規(guī)劃、求精確的人，甚至還被朋友戲稱為“機(jī)器人”。

He looks every inch a pilot： wearing well-ironed uniform， sunglasses and shiny leathershoes. hair meticulously combed， plus a height of1.8 meters tall. just as cool as the pilots in the TVsenes.

It first came to Xu Lv that pilots are "cool"due to the external "attractiveness" of the uniformand sunglasses. It was only after he came intothe passenger airlines sector that he realized thatthe outfit was not for cool. but for work. Wearingsunglasses is to prevent direct sunlight fromaffecting the sight when flying at high altitude;while the uniform is to create a rigorous andmeticulous professional image...

Pilots are cool for their sense ofresponsibility. Xu Lv explained， "The pilot ofpassenger airliners holds a position of greatresponsibility. With planes worth hundreds ofmillions handed to us by the airlines. we must beaccountable to them. More than 200 passengersput their lives in my hands， I must lead them totheir destinations safely."

Pilots are in fact the least allowed to letourselves go： "We are actually the most impersonalgroup of people. Therefore. we are called SOPpilots."

The so-called SOP refers to the pilot'sstandard operating procedure. It clearly pointsout each operating procedure of the pilot in thecockpit of an aircraft to help operate planes safelywith a fixed mode.

In the materials of Airbus A320SOP he saved.the "Summary of SOP Standard Propaganda forChongqing Airlines A320" alone has 15 pages.According to SOP. there are 21 correspondinginspection items for extemal inspection in actualoperation. As for the exact number of operationsfor a fiight， Xu Lv said. "I have not counted. but itmust be no less than 200."

"Every rule of SOP is summed up bypredecessors through repeated research andpractice. Though seems trivial in operation. it cansave life at special times. Any problem occurredduring a flight can find an answer in the SOP. Evenif the engine catches fire. we can fly the plane backsafely." explained Xu Lv.

In Xu Lv's view， the very title of "SOP pilot"requires them to do things with reason and in strictaccordance with the rules and regulations. Whenthese working habits i infiltrated into his life. Xu Lvbecomes well organized and details-oriented. evennicknamed "robot" by his friends.

駕駛者到管理者

From an Airplane Pilot to a Manager

隨著民用客機(jī)自動(dòng)化、智能化程度越來越高，正常情況下，計(jì)算機(jī)能夠幫助飛行員解決很多計(jì)算的問題。這時(shí)，飛行員需要成為飛機(jī)的管理者，要考慮更多綜合性、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)無法解決的問題。徐呂舉例說，飛行過程中前方出現(xiàn)一大團(tuán)云，飛機(jī)是穿云還是繞飛？如果繞飛，是從左側(cè)繞飛還是右側(cè)繞飛？優(yōu)秀的飛行員會(huì)綜合考慮天氣狀況及后續(xù)航線等因素，計(jì)算出更安全更省油的飛行線路。

徐呂翻出一張空客A320機(jī)型的駕駛艙照片說，“A320是自動(dòng)化程度很高的機(jī)型，比起很多老機(jī)型，駕駛艙簡潔了不少，但它對(duì)飛行員的要求也很高?！?/p>

飛行中，飛行員要監(jiān)控很多數(shù)據(jù)，眼睛幾乎都不能離開表盤。單是一個(gè)PFD表盤，就有十幾種數(shù)據(jù)。在PFD表盤旁，還有一塊ND表盤，同樣有十多項(xiàng)需要監(jiān)控的數(shù)據(jù)?！帮w機(jī)上最怕的不是出問題，而是出了問題沒發(fā)現(xiàn)。所以我們必須實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控飛機(jī)的各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)，并且判斷它們的準(zhǔn)確性?！毙靺握f。

As the civilian passenger jets get more andmore automatic and intelligent， under normalcircumstances. computers can help pilots solvemany computational problems. In this connection，pilots should become managers of airplanesand take into account more issues that cannotbe solved by comprehensive and automatedsystems. For example， Xu Lv said， if a large cloudappears ahead the plane， then should the planepass through it or fly around？ If you choose tofly around， do you fly from the left or the right？Excellent pilots will choose a safer and more fuel-efficient route after considering factors such asweather conditions and subsequent routes.

Bringing out a photo of the cockpit of aAirbus A320. Xu Lv told us. "The A320 is ahighly automated model. Its cockpit is muchsimpler compared with many old ones. but it alsosets higher requirements for pilots" .

During the flight， the pilot has to monitor alot of data that his eyes can hardly leave the dial.There are more than a dozen kinds of data in aPFD dial alone. Next to the PFD dial is an NDdial. which also has more than 10 items of datato be monitored. "We are not afraid of findingproblems on the plane. but of not discoveringany problem. Therefore. we must monitor all thedata of the aircraft in real time and judge theiraccuracy， " said Xu Lv.

做最酷的領(lǐng)頭羊

Be the Coolest Leader

今年新冠肺炎疫情期間，因?yàn)榫C合素質(zhì)優(yōu)秀，徐呂被選中執(zhí)飛重慶援鄂醫(yī)療隊(duì)赴武漢的航班。

從小到大，徐呂都很優(yōu)秀，他說他對(duì)自己的要求就是“做領(lǐng)頭羊”，“從幼兒園開始，除了唱歌跳舞，幾乎所有活動(dòng)，我都愛去爭個(gè)第一名?！痹趯W(xué)校時(shí)，他的獎(jiǎng)狀貼滿了整面墻，進(jìn)入航空公司后，更是收獲了“飛行學(xué)員大隊(duì)優(yōu)秀班組”“優(yōu)秀學(xué)員”“飛行學(xué)員大隊(duì)第一屆飛行技能大比武冠軍”等榮譽(yù)。

徐呂的偶像是英雄機(jī)長薩倫伯格——2009年，他成功將一架發(fā)生鳥擊后雙發(fā)失效的A320迫降在哈得遜河上，155名乘客和機(jī)組人員全部生還。“雖然我和他的差距還很遠(yuǎn)，但總要試著努力。”

Amid the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak thisyear. Xu Lu was selected to fly the Chongqingmedical aid team to Wuhan due to his excellentcomprehensive quality.

Man and boy， Xu Lv was excellent. Hekeeps telling himself to "be the leader". "Fromkindergarten onwards. I love to compete for thefirst place in almost all activities except singingand dancing." His certificates for awards earnedat school ran the length of one wall. And he tookhome the honors such as "Excellent Team of theFlying Cadet Brigade". "Excellent Student" and"Champion of the First Flying Skills Competitionof the Flying Cadet Brigade" after entering theairline.

Xu Lv's hero is Captain Sullenberg - who，in 2009. successfully landed an A320 which lostpower in both engines after a bird strike in theHudson River， saving the lives of 155 passengersand the crew. "Although I'm a far cry from him. I'lltry my best to catch up."