嵌在車票里的交通往事

高維微

八旬老翁宋大有是位車票收藏愛好者，在他收藏的千余張車票中，最早的屬于上世紀(jì)40年代。翻看這些從舊到新、五花八門的車票，就像在看一幅重慶城市交通發(fā)展變遷的剪影。

Song Dayou， an 80-year-old man， is a ticket collector. Among the more than 1.000tickets he has collected. the earliest one can be dated back to the 1940s. Browsingthrough the assortment of tickets. from old to new，is like looking at a silhouetteof Chongqing's urban traffic development and changes.

舊車票和新印章

Old ticket and new seal

6月的一天，我們來到宋大有位于重慶電廠家屬區(qū)的家。

看著老人小心翼翼打開文件盒的樣子，就知道他對(duì)里面的東西有多寶貝：泛黃的盒子里是一本厚厚的冊(cè)子，那些車票被老人套進(jìn)塑料袋，粘貼在A4紙上，最后再給A4紙加上塑封。

一組泛黃的車票，引起了我們的好奇。那是4枚兩指寬的長(zhǎng)方形客票，票面邊緣都已破損。票面上模糊的字跡顯示，這是從化龍橋到七星崗、上清寺等地的車票。

其中一枚化龍橋至七星崗的車票，印有“中騰汽車公司客票”的繁體字，票面上蓋著“民圄卅九年二月拾二日”的印戳。

“民國(guó)卅九年二月拾二日”，算下來應(yīng)該是1950年2月12日。這就奇怪了：此時(shí)重慶已解放，為什么車票上的印戳?xí)r間仍是沿用過去的印章？

類似的情況還出現(xiàn)在另一枚車票上。這張車票的票面印有“國(guó)幣”兩個(gè)繁體字，蓋的印章卻是“重慶人民汽車公司（會(huì)計(jì)科）”。眾所周知，“國(guó)幣”與“重慶人民汽車公司（會(huì)計(jì)科）”明顯相悖，它們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)出現(xiàn)在同一張車票上呢？

為了弄清這些車票上的秘密，宋大有曾多方尋找答案。

一次偶然的機(jī)會(huì)，宋大有找到了原中勝汽車公司老板陳學(xué)福的鄰居。那位陳老板的鄰居說，中勝汽車公司是一家民營(yíng)汽車公司，公司有五六輛客車，十多名職員。重慶解放后，各行各業(yè)百?gòu)U待興，印刷業(yè)同樣艱難，別說印車票，甚至連刻印章都找不到人手，客運(yùn)公司不得不沿用過去的車票、過去的印章，或者是在舊車票上加蓋“重慶人民汽車公司”這樣的新公章，以證明車票的有效性。

不過，隨著重慶經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)各項(xiàng)事業(yè)步入正軌，這種特殊時(shí)期的特殊車票很快退出了歷史舞臺(tái)。

We came to Song Dayou's home in the familyarea of Chongqing Power Plant one day in June.

We could judge how precious the stuff insideto him from the way the old man opened the box：there's a thick brochure inside the box whichturns yellow with age， and the tickets were putinto plastic bags， pasted on A4 paper. and finallylaminated.

A group of yellowed bus tickets aroused ourcuriosity. They were four rectangular tickets. twofingers wide. and the edges of the tickets weredamaged. The blurred writing shows that they aretickets from Hualong Bridge to Qixinggang andShangqing Temple.

One of the tickets from Hualong Bridge toQixinggang is printed with the traditional Chinesecharacter "Ticket of Zhongsheng AutomobileCompany" and bears a stamp reading "February 2，39th year of the Republic of China".

That date should be February 12， 1950 in theGregorian calendar. That's weired： Chongqing hasbeen liberated at this time. Why is the timestampon the ticket still the same as that of the past？

And so is another ticket. The ticket has twotraditional Chinese characters "Chinese Currency"printed on its face， yet the seal reads "ChongqingPeople's Automobile Company （AccountingDepartment） " . Obviously， the "National Currency"dose not belong to the "Chongqing People'sAutomobile Company （Accounting Department）".Why do they appear on the same ticket？

For an answer， Song Dayou has beensearching for many a years.

By chance， Song found the neighbor of ChenXuefu. the former boss of Zhongsheng AutomobileCompany. Chen's neighbor told him thatZhongsheng was a private automobile companywith five or six buses and about 10 employees.After the liberation of Chongqing， all sectors werestruggling with living. So was the print. Peoplecould not even find someone to engrave a seal. notto mention printing tickets. Passenger transportoperators had to reuse the tickets printed in thepast， with the original seals. or affixed new officialseals such as "Chongqing People's AutomobileCompany" to the old tickets to prove the validity.

As Chongqing's economic and socialundertakings heading on the right track. suchspecial tickets quickly withdrew from thehistorical stage.

土飛機(jī)和纖大

Tu plane and tracker

重慶山環(huán)水繞的獨(dú)特地理特征，成就了多樣化的城市公共交通體系。這也反映在各種各樣的車票中。

在宋大有的收藏中，有一枚特殊的銅制車票，這是中國(guó)內(nèi)地第一條客運(yùn)纜車一一望龍門纜車的車票。在宋大有收藏的所有車票中，這也是年代最久遠(yuǎn)、最珍貴的一枚。

銅制的方形車票一面刻有“下行客票”“民國(guó)37年”等幾個(gè)字，另一面刻有“纜車”字樣，銅票中間還有一個(gè)圓孔。宋大有說：“當(dāng)初我還看到了‘上行客票’，是銅制的圓形票，可惜沒有一起收藏。”

1945年5月16日，由我國(guó)著名橋梁專家茅以升與梅旸春主持設(shè)計(jì)的望龍門纜車正式通車，轟動(dòng)一時(shí)，很多市民排隊(duì)乘坐，享受騰云駕霧的感覺，并戲稱為“土飛機(jī)”。

“我小時(shí)候就住在離望龍門纜車不遠(yuǎn)的地方。那時(shí)候用水都要到江邊挑，挑著水爬坡上坎時(shí)，最羨慕的就是那些坐纜車的乘客?！彼未笥姓f，他從小在朝天門碼頭長(zhǎng)大，碼頭上的故事幾天幾夜都講不完。

不過，當(dāng)時(shí)的重慶既有纜車這樣的先進(jìn)工具，也有“原始”的作業(yè)方式。比如拉纖。在一張拉纖票據(jù)上，寫著“1956年2月28日，今收到新民塑料廠壹元四角正”“6人”等字樣，還蓋了一個(gè)“重慶港拉灘小組”的公章。

這是一張貨船的“拉纖收據(jù)”。現(xiàn)在的人可能想不到，在上世紀(jì)五六十年代的朝天門一帶，還能看到纖夫在拉船。纖夫們工作艱苦，但收入并不高。一般都是拉貨，很少拉人。

Chongqing's unique geographical features-surrounded by mountains and waters - haveresulted in a diversified urban public transportationsystem in the city. This is also reflected in thevarious kinds of tickets.

In Song Dayou's collection. there is a specialcopper ticket. which is the ticket of WanglongmenCable Car. the first passenger cable car inmainland China. It's also the oldest and mostprecious one among all the collections.

The copper square ticket is engraved withthe words "Descending Ticket" and "37th year ofthe Republic of China" on one side and "CableCar" on the other. A round hole is designed in themiddle. Song Dayou said： "At the beginning， Ialso saw an 'Ascending Ticket'， which is round inshape. Unfortunately. I did not collect it."

On May 16， 1945， Wanglongmen Cable Car.designed by Mao Yisheng and Mei Yangchun，well-known bridge experts in our country， wasofficially opened to traffic. which caused asensation then. Many citizens queued up to take itand enjoyed the feeling of walking in clouds andfog. It was nicknamed "Plane Flying on the Land".

"I lived not far from Wanglongmen CableCar when I was a child. At that time. we have togo to the river to fetch water. When climbing thehills carrying heavy water. we admired those tookthe cable car most." Mr. Song Dayou said thathe grew up at Chaotianmen Wharf. and the storyon the wharf could not be finished for days andnights.

However. Chongqing at that time had bothadvanced tools such as cable car and "primitive"operation methods. For example， boat towing. Mr.Song presented us a boat-towing bill， which writes"Received one yuan and forty cents from XinminPlastic Factory on February 28. 1956" and "sixpeople"， with the official seal of "Chongqing PortBoat Bowing Team".

This is a cargo ship's "boat towing receipt".People nowadays may not imagine that in the50s and 60s of 20th century boat trackers werestill seen bowing a ship in the Chaotianmen area.Compared to their hard work. the boat trackersgot a wretchedly low pay. Most of the time， theybowed cargo ships， seldom passenger ships.

從三輪車到康福來

From tricycle to Comfort

宋大有收藏的車票中，有一些“高級(jí)貨”，“這些車票，當(dāng)時(shí)賣得貴，印刷也很考究、精美，算得上是奢侈品?！?/p>

比如一組上世紀(jì)五十年代的三輪車票。這種“重慶市三輪車客票”票面中間是車夫賣力蹬三輪車的圖案，三張票分別標(biāo)明“一公里定額票價(jià)0.06”“二公里定額票價(jià)0.12”“十公里定額票價(jià)0.6”?！坝?jì)費(fèi)方式和現(xiàn)在的出租車一樣，不過當(dāng)時(shí)坐三輪車是高消費(fèi)?！碑?dāng)時(shí)重慶公交車不多，馬路又窄，三輪車是公共交通一種重要的補(bǔ)充工具。那時(shí)一碗小面才8分錢，一股老百姓輕易還是舍不得坐三輪車。

雖說收藏了一些“高級(jí)貨”，但宋大有卻有遺憾，他沒能收藏到“康福來”的車票。

老宋口中的“康福來”，是成立于1984年的重慶康福來客運(yùn)有限公司運(yùn)營(yíng)的豪華客車。

《康福來重振雄風(fēng)——重慶康福來實(shí)業(yè)公司改革與發(fā)展紀(jì)實(shí)》一文記載：1984年，春滿人間的日子。在中國(guó)南大門廣州，一個(gè)由20輛日本皇冠豪華轎車、40輛新穎別致的豐田中巴、30輛造型獨(dú)特的日野大巴共90輛進(jìn)口汽車組成兩公里長(zhǎng)的車隊(duì)出發(fā)了。這是中國(guó)內(nèi)地第一個(gè)由國(guó)外引進(jìn)的龐大而豪華的車隊(duì)。像一條巨龍，穿越南部中國(guó)，一路雄風(fēng)浩蕩，來到了山城重慶，進(jìn)入了剛成立的重慶康福來客運(yùn)有限公司的大門。

那時(shí)重慶人還沒有招手即上的“中巴”的概念，康福來公司的客車刷新了人們的認(rèn)知。這些中巴車有空調(diào)、軟皮座位，乘坐舒適，招手即停，車身上“康福來”三個(gè)字吉利順口，大受市民歡迎，以至于后來“康福來”三個(gè)字成了中巴車的代名詞，還給重慶人留下了一句“手一抬，康福來”的言子。

There were some "premium" tickets inSong's collection. which， "expensive， exquisitelyprinted. can be considered luxuries."

He showed us a group of tricycle ticketsfrom the 1950s. In the middle of the face of thisgroup of "Chongqing Tricycle Tickets" is a driverpedaling the tricycle hard. The three tickets aremarked "Fixed fare： 0.06 yuan per kilometer"."Fixed fare： 0.12 yuan two kilometers " and "Fixedfare： 0.6 yuan ten kilometers". "The chargingmethod is the same as that of taxis now. but it wasexpensive to take tricycles at that time." Therewere few buses on the narrow roads in Chongqingthen. Tricycles thus became an importantsupplementary tool for public transportation. Buta bowl of noodles back then cost only 8 cents. Somany a budget-conscious people were reluctant totake tricycles.

Although he collected some "premium" ones.Song Dayou felt a deep regret that he did not get asingle ticket of "Kangfulai" .

The "Kangfulai" in question is a luxury busoperated by Chongqing Kangfulai PassengerTransport Co.，Ltd.， which was established in1984.

The article "Kangfulai Gets its SwaggerBack --On-the-Spot Record of Reform andDevelopment of Chongqing Kangfulai IndustrialCompany" records that. in Guangzhou. thesouthern gate of China. a two-kilometer-longmotorcade of 90 imported cars， consisting of 20Japanese Toyota Crown luxury cars， 40 noveland chic Toyota minibuses and 30 unique Hinobuses. set off in a spring day of 1984. This isthe first large and luxurious motorcade importedin mainland China. Taking the shape of a hugedragon， it crossed southern China and came tothe mountain city of Chongqing. entering the gateof the newly established Chongqing KangfulaiPassenger Transport Co.，Ltd.

As the localities of Chongqing had no ideaabout the wave-and-stop "minibus" then. thebuses of Kangfulai Company renewed people'sunderstanding. Equipped with air conditioning andsoft leather seats. these wave-and-stop minibusesprovided passengers with very comfortableexperience and won popularity immediately. Theword "Kangfulai" on the bus body is auspiciousand easy to read. thus later becoming a synonymfor minibuses. leaving Chongqing people witha widely spread saying "Hand lifted. Kangfulai（literally felicity come）".