主題語境二：人際關(guān)系

蔣建平

感知·素養(yǎng)解讀

人際關(guān)系指人們在人際交往過程中結(jié)成的心理關(guān)系、心理上的距離。良好的人際關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為熱情、誠懇、理解、同情、大度、互助、信用和原則性與靈活性的結(jié)合。人際關(guān)系主要包括朋友關(guān)系、夫妻關(guān)系、親子關(guān)系、同學關(guān)系、師生關(guān)系、同志關(guān)系等?！犊荚嚧缶V》及課標中人際關(guān)系主題涉及的主要內(nèi)容有：（1） People （parent， brother， sister， other family members， friend， neighbour， teacher， etc.）;（2） Social behaviours （greeting， introducing， giving thanks， asking for permission， asking for help， solving problems， dealing with conflicts， etc. ）;（3） Getting together （making plans / arrangements， time， date， place， event， etc.）。

人際關(guān)系在高考中的考查主要包括各種人與人之間的關(guān)系、矛盾沖突和問題的解決等，多包含友誼、信任、寬容、尊重、感恩、贊揚等，貼近學生日常生活。以這些話題命題有利于促進學生身心健康成長，形成良好的價值觀和積極向上的輿論導向。

探究·語庫構(gòu)建

I.語境串記

Pronunciation and Status

An ambassador and a referee were consulting a professor on the caption of a Buddhistic alphabet 1.________ a sobbing woman stopped them to sell an antique musical bathtub. Her dirty garment and the handkerchief around her waist were badly in need of 2.________（send） to a laundry. The ambassador 3.________（comfortable） gave her a handful of pence from his wallet and said， “Take this fortune away， troublesome woman.”

When her figure faded away， the brilliant professor said， “You are 4.________（mistake） and your improper remark 5.________ her should be condemned. In terms of this extraordinary woman， you cant classify her status by her horrible clothes or disgusting nails. Her clean woolen vest and stockings， especially her classic pronunciation， all suggested her upper status.” The ambassador gave a whistle in 6.________（amaze）， and advised making her acquaintance. The professor hesitated for a while， then compromised.

The outcome was 7.________ she was an authentic superior police officer. When they? ? 8.________（show）in her office and saw her once more， she brought them a teapot of tea and some cookies， laughing and saying， “I rubbed some cream and wax on my garment and passed? ?9.________（I） off as a shabby woman among thieves and robbers to investigate a plot. Generally speaking， your overlooking me and my adaptation are the best help. But my pronunciation seemed 10.________（betray）me.”

口音與身份

一位大使和一位裁判正在就一張佛教符號表的文字說明請教教授，這時，一名哭哭啼啼的女人把他們攔住，要賣給他們一個古董音樂澡盆，她骯臟的衣服和腰間的手帕都急需送到洗衣店清洗。大使很不舒服地從錢包里掏出一把便士說：“把這大筆錢拿走，麻煩的女人！”

等她的身影漸漸遠去，那位才華橫溢的教授說：“你錯了，你對她不適當?shù)脑u論語應該受到譴責。就這個不同尋常的女人來說，你不能根據(jù)她糟糕的衣服或令人惡心的指甲給她的身份地位分類。她干凈的羊毛背心和襪子，尤其是她一流的發(fā)音，都暗示著她的上層身份。”大使驚奇地吹了聲口哨，建議去認識她。教授猶豫了一會兒，最后妥協(xié)了。

結(jié)果呢，她真的是一位高級警官。當他們被帶進她的辦公室再次見到她時，她給他們拿來一壺茶和一些餅干，笑著說：“我把奶油和蠟涂在大衣上假扮成寒酸骯臟的女人混進在小偷和搶劫犯中間，是為了調(diào)查一宗陰謀。通常說來，你們對我的忽視和我對此的適應就是最好的幫助。但是我的發(fā)音似乎暴露了我啊?！?/p>

II.素材積累

（一）閱讀詞匯整合（明其義）

學習與理解下列單詞或短語

【核心單詞】

1. appreciate v.欣賞;感激

appreciation n.欣賞;鑒賞

2. argue v.爭辯;爭論

argument n.爭論;辯論

3. congratulate v.祝賀

congratulation（s） n.祝賀

4. enthusiastic adj.熱情的

enthusiasm n.熱情

5. friendly adj.有好的

friendliness n.親切;友善

friendship n.友誼;友情

6. forgive v.原諒;寬恕

forgiveness n.寬大;饒恕

7. regret v.遺憾;后悔

regretful adj.遺憾的;抱歉的

8. harmony n.和睦;和諧

harmonious adj.和諧的

9. patient adj.有耐心的

patiently adv.耐心地;有毅力地

patience n.忍耐;耐心

10. respect v.尊重;尊敬

respectful adj.恭敬的;有禮貌的

respectable adj. 可尊敬的;可尊重的

11. separate v.使分離;分開

separated adj.分開的;分居的

12. strict adj.嚴格的

strictly adv.嚴格地

13. serious adj.嚴肅的

seriously adv.嚴肅地

14. assist v.幫助;輔助

assistance n.幫助;援助

assistant n.助手;助理

15. acknowledge v.答謝;感謝

acknowledgement n.感謝;謝意

16. generous adj.慷慨的;大方的

generousness n.慷慨;大方

17. inspire v.鼓舞;激發(fā)

inspired adj.受鼓舞的

inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的;鼓舞人的

18. sincere adj.真誠的

sincerely adv.真誠地

19. apology n.歉意

apologize v.道歉;賠不是

【高頻短語】

1. be familiar with/to 對……熟悉/為……所熟悉

2. be concerned for/about對……擔心/關(guān)心

3. be patient with sb 對某人有耐心

4. get/keep in touch with/keep contact with與……取得（保持）聯(lián)系

5. have...in common有共同之處

6. get on/along well with sb與某人相處融洽

7. be on good/bad terms with sb與某人關(guān)系融洽/不和

8. fit in with與……相適應/合得來

9. look down upon/on鄙視;看不起

10. be strict with sb對某人要求嚴格

11. be satisfied with sb對某人感到滿意

12. praise sb for sth因某事表揚某人

13. show respect for對……表示尊敬

14. make friends with sb與某人交友

15. share sth with sb與某人分享

16. communicate with sb與某人交流

17. apologize to sb for sth因……向某人道歉

【主題整合】

交際關(guān)系：

1. colleague 同事;同僚

2. companion 同伴;同事;伴侶

3. misunderstand 誤會;不理解

4. partner伙伴;搭檔;同伴

5. acquaintance相識（的人）;熟人

6. stranger陌生人

7. modest 謙虛的;謙遜的

8. prejudice偏見;成見

9. reliable可信賴的;可靠的

10. demanding苛刻的;要求高的

11. a lack of understanding缺乏理解

12. be in harmony with...與……和諧相處/協(xié)調(diào)

13. disagree/be in disagreement with sb與某人不和

14. be tolerant with包容

15. be loyal to對……忠誠

16. be annoyed about對……感到討厭

17. be considerate to/towards sb關(guān)心（體貼）某人

18. live up to ones expectation不辜負某人的期望

19. turn to…for help求助于

20. help sb out幫助某人擺脫困境

21. be grateful/thankful to sb for sth因某事對某人感激

22. in celebration of為了慶祝

23. congratulate sb on ones success祝賀某人取得成功

交際行為：

1. cooperate合作

2. accompany陪伴;陪同;伴奏

3. adopt收養(yǎng);采用;通過

4. abuse虐待;辱罵;濫用

5. spoil溺愛

6. betray背叛;出賣

7. request懇請;懇求

8. bother打擾;麻煩

9. blame責備;指責

10. complain抱怨;投訴

11. make up和解

12. break/split up分手;解散;結(jié)束

13. have words with與……發(fā)生口角

14. back sb up支持某人

15. stand in ones shoes站在某人的角度

16. trust each other相互信任

17. share happiness and sorrow分享快樂和憂愁

18. exchange ideas with sb與某人交流想法

19. satisfy/meet ones needs/demands滿足某人的需要

20. be in conflict with與……爭論

21. make an appointment with sb與某人約會

22. see sb off為某人送行

（二）寫作詞匯運用（悉其用）

根據(jù)漢語提示或所給單詞的正確形式完成句子。

1. I would like________________ （表示感激） for your hospitality and kindness when I was in London.

2. As far as the cause of the accident is concerned， I think， it is the driver of the lorry who should________________? ? ? ? （負責）.

3. Though many people think that school discipline can soften the conflicts， I believe learning________________? （相互寬容）can play a more constructive role because it teaches students flexibility and the art of compromise.

4. Communication contributes to the solution to this problem since many of these conflicts result from________________ （understand）.

5. Dont be rude to your friends even if they________________? （冒犯）you on some occasions.

6. Its necessary to________________ （保持良好關(guān)系） our friends， and we should respect and trust them.

7. If we often communicate with our friends， our friendship will___________________________ （strong）.

8. If sometimes we dont agree with each other over some minor things， we should try________________ （設身處地為他們著想）.

9. Last week， I________________ （與……取得聯(lián)系） one of my classmates， Tom， who was my good friend in senior school.

10.Though he didnt ________? ? ? ? （與……相適應） school life， he got along well with me.

（三）核心句型表達（精于表）

根據(jù)要求翻譯下列句子。

1. 那名店員看到一張友善的臉，臉上因歉意的微笑而布滿了皺紋，這時她愣在了那里，琢磨著是走還是留。

譯法一：（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）

________________________________________________________

譯法二：（并列句）

________________________________________________________

2. 與他人好好相處，你就會每天都過得很快樂，做什么事情都會成功。

譯法一：（祈使句）

________________________________________________________

譯法二：（含if引導的條件句）

________________________________________________________

譯法一：（簡單句）

________________________________________________________

3.一直沒有對他講真話，這讓我很苦惱。

譯法一：（用it作形式主語）

________________________________________________________

譯法二：（含主語從句的復合句）

________________________________________________________

譯法一：（用動名詞做主語）

________________________________________________________

4.直到高中時我被選為班長我才意識到與他人合作的重要性。

譯法一：（陳述句）

________________________________________________________

譯法二：（倒裝句）

________________________________________________________

實踐·主題測評

知識維度診斷評價

I.單句填空

1. I________ （sincere） hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.

2. Classmate conflicts often rise from daily tiny things such as space________? to store books or notes.

3. When________ （personality） dont mix， the specifics can tear classmates apart and sometimes even lead to serious conflicts.

4. Classmate conflicts are harmful and need________ （settle）.

5. While still at primary school，Rowan had already shown________ （admire） acting talent.

6. As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next， humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a________ （tolerant） for risk.

7. I want to prove that I can teach myself a________ （respect） profession， without going to college， and be just as good as， if not better than， my competitors.

8. That young man is honest， cooperative， always there when you need his help. In short， hes________ （rely）.

9. Accompanied by his friends， he went to the teachers office to admit________? he had done was wrong.

10. Do as youre told，________? youll be in trouble.

II.單句改錯

1. As we all know， friends are people who can share our happiness and sorrow.________

2. One of their neighbors wrote to complaint about the sound of the piano.________

3. Only by these ways can we win others respect and friendship.________

4. The fact which classmates hold different attitudes towards certain issues is another factor causing these conflicts.________

5. Buried in reviewing his lessons these days， so he didnt get in touch with you.________

6. Classmate conflicts between senior middle school students are often heard on campus over recent years.________

7. Students respect their teachers and listen to them in school in respectable ways.________

8. I would appreciate it if you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.________

9. He is always willing to help others， so he is familiar with everyone here.________

10. Not until then do I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.________

III.語篇填空

選用所給單詞的正確形式填空，使短文意思完整。

prevent， actual， come， busy， continue， carry， thumb， serve， join， prevent

Foreign Volunteer Does His Part to Prevent Spread of Coronavirus

Wearing a yellow hat， vest and face mask， Munyaradzi Gurure stood at the Yulin train station in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region， 1.________ checking the body temperature of passengers at the entrance.

Though overwhelmed（使不知所措） by the news of the novel coronavirus（新型冠狀病毒） outbreak， the 21-year-old student at Guangxi University of Finance and Economics from South Africa has still stepped out 2.________ as a volunteer in the train station to help battle the epidemic（流行?。?

“Im well aware the situation of epidemic 3.________ and control is very severe，” he said. “Seeing that many people actively 4.________ in the fight， I also wanted to do my part and volunteer at the station.”

With the number of novel Coronavirus cases 5.________ to rise both in and outside of China， Gurures family back in South Africa was very worried about his health， and hoped he would quit the volunteer job.

“I told my parents China has taken a lot of strong quarantine（檢疫） measures and is? ? ? ? 6.________ safe，” he said. “I want to do whatever I can 7.________ the spread of the infection.The country took really good care of me during the last three years. Now its my turn.”

Working about four hours a day， Gurure either 8.________ an 8-kilogram electric sprayer to disinfect（給消毒） the waiting room or checks everyones temperature as soon as they walk into the station.

Though its not easy work， Gurure 9.________ across many Chinese passengers who are very surprised to see a foreign face， but then give a 10.________ up and say “very good” to him in Chinese.