“機(jī)車(chē)棚”圖書(shū)館，蒂爾堡，荷蘭

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：思維可建筑事務(wù)所，布拉克斯馬及魯斯建筑事務(wù)所，內(nèi)外/佩特拉·布萊斯；室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)：梅卡努建筑事務(wù)所

Architects: Civic Public Architecture, Braaksma & Roos Architectenbureau, Inside Outside/Petra Blaisse; Interior Design: Mecanoo Architecten

“機(jī)車(chē)棚”圖書(shū)館坐落在蒂爾堡車(chē)站附近，是一座建于1932 年的昔日機(jī)車(chē)棚，內(nèi)設(shè)布拉本特中央公共圖書(shū)館、布拉本特機(jī)車(chē)公共圖書(shū)館、布拉本特C 公共圖書(shū)館以及“相聚而坐"公共圖書(shū)館。這座新建的公共圖書(shū)館于2019 年1 月正式開(kāi)放，為該市注入了一股活力，吸引著前來(lái)蒂爾堡新興現(xiàn)代化車(chē)站區(qū)的游客們。

公共會(huì)客廳

新建的“機(jī)車(chē)棚”圖書(shū)館最醒目之處或許是其龐大的體積：占地90m×60m，高15m，壯觀且引人注目。這座新圖書(shū)館被巧妙地設(shè)計(jì)成便于出入的建筑。入口大廳是一座帶頂棚的城市廣場(chǎng)，容納著大型公共讀書(shū)桌（兼為坐席)、展覽區(qū)和咖啡亭。該廣場(chǎng)被折疊成寬敞的臺(tái)階，可為1000 多名觀眾提供活動(dòng)座位。這些臺(tái)階通向主建筑，以其巨大的玻璃幕墻吸引著眼球，讓充足的陽(yáng)光灑入室內(nèi)。游客們?cè)诖┧笥跁?shū)架之間或使用安靜閱讀區(qū)時(shí)，二樓的畫(huà)廊和樓梯可讓其近距離觀察具有歷史意義的玻璃墻。再往上一層，便是大陽(yáng)臺(tái)，游人可以在此欣賞城市的全景。

21世紀(jì)的圖書(shū)館

在當(dāng)今的數(shù)字時(shí)代，“機(jī)車(chē)棚”重新定義了圖書(shū)館的功能。“圖書(shū)館管理”已然變得與書(shū)籍本身同樣重要：與人類(lèi)專(zhuān)家互動(dòng)的過(guò)程提供了一種更深層、更豐富的知識(shí)及信息獲取方式。建筑則促進(jìn)了這一新角色的發(fā)展。除了各種講座區(qū)與公共活動(dòng)區(qū)外，圖書(shū)館還設(shè)有一系列“實(shí)驗(yàn)室”，方便游客在此學(xué)習(xí)新技能。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)室均擁有引人注目的設(shè)計(jì)，在整座建筑里隨處可見(jiàn)。其中一間為玻璃立方體，曾是阿姆斯特丹舊證券交易所大樓內(nèi)音樂(lè)廳的一部分。此外，館內(nèi)還有“食品實(shí)驗(yàn)室”“詞匯實(shí)驗(yàn)室”“數(shù)字實(shí)驗(yàn)室”與“傳統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室”。圖書(shū)館、各類(lèi)藝術(shù)學(xué)會(huì)、“相聚而坐”眾創(chuàng)空間以及新聞團(tuán)體聚集在“思想實(shí)驗(yàn)室”（正在施工中）附近，打造出多樣化的專(zhuān)家小組，成功鞏固了新型圖書(shū)館這一概念。與此同時(shí)，該建筑的形式確保了館內(nèi)的收藏、設(shè)施及其使用方式能夠適應(yīng)不斷變化的需求。

堅(jiān)固的裝飾

該建筑的氛圍如同多產(chǎn)的知識(shí)研究所。主體結(jié)構(gòu)與各種原始特征被細(xì)心地保存下來(lái)，而新擴(kuò)建的部分則大面積采用忠于原始質(zhì)地的黑鋼、混凝土、玻璃和木材等材料。紡織幕布突出了規(guī)模與色彩。主體結(jié)構(gòu)決定著建筑語(yǔ)言，而細(xì)節(jié)則與建筑的規(guī)模相適應(yīng)。地板、柱子和樓梯在近距離觀察時(shí)泛出特有的紋理，尤其在日光下，復(fù)雜精細(xì)的窗框與半透明的紡織板投射出精致的陰影。夜幕降臨后，圖書(shū)館呈現(xiàn)出“另一番景象”，即大樓內(nèi)部成為主要光源——搖身變?yōu)槌鞘兄行囊蛔匀说臒羲Ｔ摻ㄖ樗蓄?lèi)型的活動(dòng)打造了濃郁的工業(yè)風(fēng)。室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)以其獨(dú)特的裝置與配件為整體視覺(jué)體驗(yàn)增添了一抹趣味。

交織的架構(gòu)

新的建筑設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)1932 年以來(lái)后期工業(yè)建筑設(shè)計(jì)的當(dāng)代解讀，并在這種設(shè)計(jì)邏輯之上進(jìn)行構(gòu)建。新視線橫跨對(duì)角臺(tái)階的室內(nèi)景觀，加強(qiáng)了寬敞這一概念的印象。柱子、地板、欄桿和紡織幕布一同構(gòu)成了空間系統(tǒng)中各種軸線的“宏偉姿態(tài)”——直聳向上、向后及向兩側(cè)，是對(duì)舊時(shí)工業(yè)過(guò)程的參考。原有的鉚接柱被保留下來(lái)，并以一種更抽象的形式加入大型支撐結(jié)構(gòu)，勾畫(huà)出由其創(chuàng)造的側(cè)廊。

室內(nèi)風(fēng)格的變化

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)采用了許多別樣的概念，為會(huì)議、合作或安靜閱讀等各種活動(dòng)打造不同的環(huán)境。獨(dú)有的原始特征與橡木、鋼材以及紅色和橙色色調(diào)相結(jié)合。咖啡亭由紅色、棕色和金色的瓷磚建成。3 張以火車(chē)“底盤(pán)”形式而設(shè)計(jì)的巨型桌子被放置在原來(lái)的軌道上，形成了酒吧區(qū)的延伸部分，還可以拼成舞臺(tái)或T 形臺(tái)（而周?chē)呐_(tái)階則為觀眾提供了座位）。巨大的工業(yè)柱子在添加木桌與照明后，扮演起閱讀區(qū)和學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)的角色。圖書(shū)館的藏書(shū)被安置于可移動(dòng)的大型書(shū)架上，營(yíng)造出極具魅力的現(xiàn)代書(shū)店氛圍?！酰ㄍ鯁螁?譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Civic Architects, Braaksma & Roos Architectenbureau, Inside Outside/Petra Blaisse, Mecanoo

工程咨詢(xún)/Engineering Consultancy: Arup

攝影/Photos: Braaksma & Roos Architectenbureau (fig.3),Ossip Architectuurfotografie (fig. 4-7,9)

圖片來(lái)源/Sources: Civic Public Architecture (fig.1,2,8,10-13)

1 1937年的機(jī)車(chē)棚/Locomotive shed in 1937

2 1939年的機(jī)車(chē)棚/Locomotive shed in 1939

3 改造中/Under renovation

The LocHal, an old locomotive shed dating back to 1932, is located next to the station of Tilburg and houses the Bibliotheek Midden-Brabant (public library), Kunstloc Brabant (public library), Brabant C (public library) and Seats2Meet (public library).Visitors to Tilburg's newly modernised station district will notice an exciting addition to the city:the new public library officially opened in January 2019.

A Public Meeting Place

Perhaps the most conspicuous feature of the new LocHal is its sheer size. With a footprint of 90m × 60m and a height of 15 metres, it is both imposing and inviting. The new library was deliberately designed to be an extremely accessible building. The entrance hall takes the form of a covered city square with large public reading tables (doubling as podia), an exhibition area and a coffee kiosk. This square folds up into broad steps which can be used as event seating for over one thousand spectators. These steps lead up into the main building, notable for its huge glass facades which allow for plentiful daylight.On the second floor, the gallery and stairways allow closer inspection of the historic glass walls as visitors browse the bookcases or make use of the quiet reading areas. One floor higher is a large balcony offering panoramic views of the city.

A Library for the 21st Century

The LocHal has redefined the function of a library in today's digital era. "Curatorship" has become just as important as the books themselves:interaction with human experts offers a deeper,richer way to acquire knowledge and information.This new role is facilitated by the architecture.In addition to various areas for lectures and public events, the library has a number of "labs"(laboratories) where visitors can learn new skills.These labs, with their remarkable design, can be found throughout the building. One is in the form of a glass cube, formerly part of the concert hall in Amsterdam's Beurs van Berlage building. There is also the Food Lab, the Word Lab, the Digital Lab and the Heritage Lab. The clustering of library,various arts institutes, Seats2Meet and faculties of journalism in the nearby Mindlabs (currently under construction) creates a diverse group of experts who will cement the success of the new library concept.Moreover, the form of the building ensures that the collection, the facilities and the manner in which they are used can be adapted to meet changing requirements.

A Robust Décor

The atmosphere of the building is that of a productive knowledge institute. The main structure,various original features which have been carefully preserved and the new additions make use of"honest" materials such as black steel, concrete,glass and wood, applied over large surfaces. Textile screens add accents of scale and colour. It is the main structure which determines the architectural language, while the details adapt themselves to the scale of the building. Floors, columns and stairways reveal their characteristic textures when viewed at close hand, especially in daylight when the refined shadows created by the intricate window frames and translucent textile panels play upon them. After dark,the building is turned "inside out", as it were, with the interior becoming the main source of light: an inviting beacon in the city centre. The architecture creates a colossal, industrial setting for all types of activity. The interior design, with its unique fixtures and fittings, creates an extra layer that adds playful variation to the overall visual experience.

8 團(tuán)隊(duì)合作/Team collaboration

Interwoven Architecture

The new architectural design is a contemporary reinterpretation of that of the original lateindustrial building, dating back to 1932, and builds upon the logic of that design. The impression of spaciousness is strengthened by new sightlines across the diagonally stepped interior landscape.Columns, floors, balustrades and the textile screens form the "grand gestures" of the various axes within the spatial system: directly up, behind and to the sides, a reference to the industrial processes of the past. The original riveted columns have been preserved and are joined by large supporting structures in a more abstract form which delineate the side aisles they create.

Variation in Interior Style

The interior design employs a number of distinct concepts to create different settings for various activities such as meeting, collaboration or quiet reading. Characteristic original features have been combined with oak, steel and a palette of red and orange hues. The coffee kiosk is finished in red, brown and gold ceramic tiles. Three huge tables, designed in the form of a train's "bogie" (undercarriage), stand on the original tracks. They form an extension to the bar area but can also be pushed together to create a stage or catwalk, with the surrounding steps providing seating for the audience. The immense industrial columns have been repurposed as reading and study areas by the addition of wooden tables and lighting.The library's collection is arranged on large, movable bookcases to create the inviting atmosphere of a modern bookstore. □

9 內(nèi)景/Interior view

評(píng)論

劉伯英：正如“機(jī)車(chē)棚”圖書(shū)館倡導(dǎo)的創(chuàng)新理念一樣，建筑設(shè)計(jì)本身就是一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新“實(shí)驗(yàn)”。它基于歷史機(jī)車(chē)棚樣本，嫁接了全新的管理模式。建筑有節(jié)制地采用新材料，尺度巨大的空間結(jié)構(gòu)一覽無(wú)余，使圖書(shū)館被濃重的工業(yè)氛圍所籠罩；通過(guò)材料色彩和空間尺度的并置交錯(cuò)，不同視點(diǎn)和觀賞角度，產(chǎn)生新奇感和震撼力。建筑功能外化得到充分體現(xiàn)，為交流和體驗(yàn)提供了更多可能性。

劉?。?0 世紀(jì)初，蒂爾堡的羊毛織品遠(yuǎn)近聞名，是著名的“羊毛之都”。1960-1980 年代，蒂爾堡的紡織業(yè)逐漸萎縮，主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)部門(mén)向運(yùn)輸和物流行業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型，成為荷蘭南部地區(qū)的商業(yè)中心和重要的交通樞紐?！皺C(jī)車(chē)棚”圖書(shū)館位于城市的核心地帶，緊鄰城市的火車(chē)站，由機(jī)車(chē)車(chē)棚改造的圖書(shū)館憑借通透的外觀、豐富的公共活動(dòng)和具有本地特色的室內(nèi)展陳成為展示城市文化的重要窗口。該項(xiàng)目同時(shí)也激活了周?chē)墓猜肪€和場(chǎng)所，成為蒂爾堡75hm2鐵路區(qū)重建的點(diǎn)睛之筆。

Comments

LIU Boying: Just like the innovative concept of the LocHal, architectural design per se is a creative "experiment". Based on the historical prototype of the locomotive shed, this project adopted brand new management mode. The building utilised new materials with modesty. The mega-scale spatial structure is perceivable from every corner, giving the library a strong mood of industrial setting. By the juxtaposition and interweaving of materiality, colours and scales of space, every new perspective offers a different view with novelty and impact. The functions of the building are manifested, providing more potential for communication and experience.(Translated by WANG Xinxin)

LIU Wei: In the early 20th century, Tilburg was very famous for its wool products, thus making it the "wool capital" of the Netherlands. During the 1960s-1980s, the textile industry entered a period of recession, and major economic sectors was replaced by transportation and logistics industries. Therefore, Tilburg became a commercial centre and key transportation hub of southern Netherlands. The LocHal is located in the central district of the city, adjacent to Tilburg station. This library, originally a locomotive shed,was given a transparent appearance, rich public functions and localised interior settings,making it an important showcase to the city's culture. Meanwhile, this project activated the surrounding public routes and places, and has become the finest work in the 75hm2railway renewal area of Tilburg. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

10 橫剖面/Cross section

11 縱剖面/Longitudinal section

12 首層平面/Ground floor plan

13 二層平面/First floor plan