幽靈火車公園，利馬，秘魯

設(shè)計：巴士拉馬

Design Team: Basurama

在20 世紀，城市模型的演進特征是我們的城市中逐漸出現(xiàn)了機動車。機動車的數(shù)量雖然不多，但卻在不斷增加。這種變化使得很多城市的最終目標(biāo)變成為車輛提供更大的流動性，即使在市中心也開始將行人排在第二位。利馬也不例外。城市開始無差別地隨意擴張，愈發(fā)不需要公共交通體系。因此，有超過500 條列車線路被大量的日常交通所取代，行人成為次要因素，一些公共空間成為注定要退化的廢棄景觀。

利馬城市固體廢料項目的重點，是重新利用原本穿行于Surquillo 地區(qū)的廢棄高架電車沿線。這是利馬市區(qū)中最原始、最與眾不同的場地之一。

這種廢棄列車的構(gòu)筑物，恐怕是你能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)的、最令人驚訝的城市垃圾之一。不僅是因為該構(gòu)筑物有著寬9m 的混凝土平臺、總長幾公里的形態(tài)和體量，還因為其在利馬文化中的標(biāo)志性和象征性特征。

這種基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施一直存在著很大的爭議。該結(jié)構(gòu)于1980 年代開始建設(shè)，在艾倫·加西亞任職的第一任期內(nèi)被作為利馬公共交通問題的解決方案。但“城市大鐵路計劃”僅僅是一種希望，一直未能實現(xiàn)。

在迫切需要慎重考慮利馬的公共交通系統(tǒng)之余，這種基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施還需要涵蓋其他日常性的用途。對于巴士拉馬團隊來說，這里是一個潛在的公共空間，是一個高架公園，是一個可以雙腳離地、游樂玩耍的地方。

為了將廢棄的電車軌道重新加以利用，巴士拉馬團隊邀請了當(dāng)?shù)匾幻囆g(shù)家參與到這個場地的構(gòu)建當(dāng)中。這里是所有社區(qū)居民的公共空間。幾乎所有的游樂設(shè)施都是由如輪胎和其他汽車零部件等回收材料制作完成?！酰ㄌ炷葑g）

項目信息/Credits and Data

合作/Collaborators: Christians Luna, la Sandra Nakamura,Camila Bustamante, El Cartón, Playstationvagon, El Codo,colectivo Motivando Corazones, Municipalidad de Surquillo,Fuerza Juvenil.

基地面積/Site Area: 約6000m2/about 6000m2材料/Materials: 輪胎和繩子/tires and ropes預(yù)算/Cost: 制作/production 5000 USD

設(shè)計周期/Design Period: 2009年前期考察，設(shè)計是在項目執(zhí)行過程中與合作者共同完成的/Previous visit April 2009 but design have been developed together with collaborators during execution

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2010.02.29

圖片來源/Sources: basurama.org CCBY-NC-SA 4.0

1 夜景/Night view

During the 20th century the urban model has been characterised by a progressive, when not massive, presence of cars in our cities. This generated extensive city which final objective is to provide the maximum mobility for vehicles, leaving the pedestrians to a second place, even in the city centre. Lima is not an exception. An urban approach based on an indiscriminate and informal growth,with a lack of public transport facilities. Public transport is therefore replaced by a massive informal transport (more than 500 lines), where pedestrians are a secondary element and public spaces became abandoned landscapes doomed to degradation.

The project Urban Solid Waste (USW) Lima focuses on the recuperation of one of the most original and unusual places of the city, the electric elevated train, in its way through the Surquillo district.

This structure is probably one of the most surprising urban wastes you could find in the city;not only because of its shape and dimensions(9 metres wide concrete platform and several kilometres long), but because of its iconographic nature and symbolic characteristics in lime?an culture.

There has always been a heated controversy around this infrastructure. The construction started in the eighties, during the first term of office of Alan García, as a solution to Lima's public transport problems. Nonetheless "el Metropolitano" has only been a promise and has never been finished.

Beside the urgent need to think carefully about the public transport in Lima, this infrastructure demands an alternative use. For Basurma it is a potential public space, an elevated public park, a place to walk beyond the surface.

Reusing the abandoned electric railroad track Basurama invited the community members including a local artist to participate in the creation of a new place, a public space for them. Almost all the amusement park was built up of recycled material such as tires and other car parts. □

2 改造后/After renovation

3.4 改造前/Before renovation

評論

劉伯英：紐約高線公園這種發(fā)生在國際化大都市、與房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)緊密聯(lián)系的高投入的更新方式，并不是通行的解決辦法，幽靈火車公園給我們提供了另一種可能。值得借鑒的是：它消解了市政工程與生活空間的沖突，模糊了建筑師職業(yè)的邊界，采用低成本、易實行的方式，做出了一個為市民服務(wù)、與市民共同打造的共享歡樂的項目。讓曾經(jīng)充滿車輛喧囂和緊張氣氛的高架交通線，變成了城市客廳和自家后院。

王林：該項目通過藝術(shù)家的巧妙設(shè)計，保留了在利馬文化中具標(biāo)志性和象征性特征的廢棄列車構(gòu)筑物，并運用輪胎和其他汽車零部件等回收材料改造成游樂設(shè)施，將廢棄的電車軌道變身社區(qū)居民的公共空間、高架公園和游樂場所，是城市廢棄景觀改造和城市固體廢料再利用的案例借鑒。

5 改造后/After renovation

Comments

LIU Boying: Metropolitan parks like the High Line in New York are expensive renewal strategies that are closely related to real estate developments, hence not a universal solution. The Ghost Train Park offers another possibility. As a valuable lesson, it dissolves the conflict between civil construction and public space, and blurred the boundaries of architectural profession. By adopting low-cost, easily applicable methods,it is a recreational project designed for the public and shared by all. The site, previously characteristic of the hustle and bustle of the city traffic and the tense atmosphere of the overpass, is now turned into an urban living room and public backyard. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

WANG Lin: With a clever proposal from the artist, the project retained the iconic and representative features of abandoned train structures in Lima culture, and adopted recycled materials such as tires and other auto parts to build amusement facilities. It transformed the abandoned tramline into a public space, as well as an elevated park and amusement park for the community residents, which serves as an exemplar of both reconstruction of brownfield landscape and the reuse of urban solid waste. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)

6 人車之間的“空間爭奪”/"Space battle" between cars and people

7 游戲設(shè)施/Playing stuff

8.9 改造后/After renovation