星耀樟宜機(jī)場(chǎng)綜合體，新加坡

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：薩夫迪建筑事務(wù)所

Architects: Safdie Architects

星耀樟宜項(xiàng)目將機(jī)場(chǎng)的中心重新構(gòu)想為一個(gè)具有吸引力的主要公共景點(diǎn)、一個(gè)社區(qū)，同時(shí)作為當(dāng)?shù)厝撕陀慰椭g的社交接口。項(xiàng)目將兩種截然不同的環(huán)境——熙熙攘攘的市場(chǎng)和天堂般的花園——完美融合，創(chuàng)造了一種以社區(qū)為中心的全新類型，成為樟宜機(jī)場(chǎng)的核心和靈魂。星耀樟宜綜合體履行了其連結(jié)現(xiàn)有航站樓的使命，所有過(guò)境旅客及廣大公眾均可進(jìn)入，并力求平等地為新加坡人和旅者提供服務(wù)。

基于環(huán)形的幾何形態(tài)，建筑造型可滿足在機(jī)場(chǎng)設(shè)置中多處連接的功能性需求。玻璃和鋼構(gòu)屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)在最寬處跨度超過(guò)200m，并且只有間隔性的支撐，因而形成了一個(gè)近乎無(wú)柱的內(nèi)部空間。40m 高的巨大瀑布從玻璃屋頂中心的孔洞穿越多層花園傾瀉而下，創(chuàng)造出令人嘆為觀止的視覺(jué)效果、日常彩虹和被動(dòng)式降溫的微氣候。

這個(gè)圓競(jìng)技場(chǎng)形的花園匯集了來(lái)自世界各地的2000 多棵樹(shù)木和100,000 株灌木。在氣候控制下，花園的開(kāi)發(fā)需要大量的研究和分析，還包括一個(gè)由專家組成的研究小組。關(guān)鍵的挑戰(zhàn)在于如何平衡訪客的熱舒適度，同時(shí)又允許適量的自然采光進(jìn)入建筑物，以滋養(yǎng)廣泛收集的園藝植物。

定制設(shè)計(jì)的參數(shù)化能源模型軟件也被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)，以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)種植開(kāi)始之前需要的日光小時(shí)數(shù)，從而確保植物能夠蓬勃生長(zhǎng)，這也是為敲定建筑冷卻系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。由于鋼斜面結(jié)構(gòu)的深度與日光穿透率直接相關(guān)，能源模型與先進(jìn)的結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)字計(jì)算模型也因此相關(guān)聯(lián)。

隱藏在梯田植被中的集成置換式冷卻系統(tǒng)并非對(duì)整個(gè)內(nèi)部空間進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，而是僅對(duì)人居空間的地上1.5m 進(jìn)行冷卻，從而盡可能提升其效率。此外，特殊涂層的玻璃面板（3 層Low-E 玻璃）可透射光以促進(jìn)植物生長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)減少熱量吸收。

整個(gè)系統(tǒng)與瀑布形成的微氣候效應(yīng)協(xié)同調(diào)節(jié)，對(duì)室內(nèi)的熱環(huán)境產(chǎn)生了很大影響，并有助于空間的降溫。水沿著玻璃屋頂流過(guò)，通過(guò)屋頂精心設(shè)計(jì)的孔洞“雨漩渦”，自由落入旋渦底部的容量為435,000L 的蓄水庫(kù)。在該地區(qū)頻繁且強(qiáng)烈的雷暴天氣中，整個(gè)屋頂表面都排水到建筑物的中央，那里收集多余的雨水并在整個(gè)花園中重復(fù)利用及打造水景本身。通過(guò)這些創(chuàng)新，星耀樟宜榮獲了新加坡建設(shè)局頒發(fā)的綠色標(biāo)志超金獎(jiǎng)。

花園附近有超過(guò)200 家零售店、90 家餐飲店、IMAX 影院綜合體、過(guò)境酒店、雜貨鋪、提早辦理登機(jī)手續(xù)、行李和禮賓服務(wù)。最終，星耀樟宜提供了人、自然、商業(yè)交織的體驗(yàn)——重新思考城市中心的可能性。（徐紫儀 譯）

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1 外景/Exterior view

2 通道內(nèi)景/Interior view of tunnel

Jewel reimagines the centre of an airport as a major public realm attraction, a place of community, and a social interface between locals and tourists. Combining two environments - a bustling marketplace and a paradise garden - it creates a new community-centric typology as the heart, and soul, of Changi Airport. Fulfilling its mission as a connector between the existing terminals, Jewel is accessible to all in-transit passengers as well as to the public at large, and seeks to serve the people of Singapore and travellers equally.

Based on the geometry of a torus, the building shape accommodates the programmatic need for multiple connections in the airport setting. Spanning more than 200 metres at its widest point, the glass and steel roof structure has only intermittent supports, which results in a nearly column-free interior. At the heart of the glass roof is an oculus showering water 40 metres down through a multistory garden, creating dramatic visual effects, daily rainbows and a cooling micro-climate effect.

The amphitheatre-shaped garden includes over 2000 trees and 100,000 shrubs from around the world. Climate-controlled, the development of the garden required significant research and analysis involving a team of expert specialists. The key challenge was to balance thermal comfort levels for visitors, while at the same time allowing appropriate quantities of natural daylight into the building to nourish the wide range of collected horticulture.

Custom-designed parametric energy modelling software was developed to accurately predict the amount of daylight hours the planting would require well in advance of the start of construction, to ensure that the planting would thrive, and also to conf irm the design of the building cooling systems. The energy model was linked to advanced structural digital calculation models as the depth of the steel diagrid structure had a direct correlation with daylight penetration.

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3 內(nèi)景/Interior view

Rather than conditioning the entire volume of the interior, an integrated displacement cooling system hidden within the terracing planters cools only the first 1.5 metres of the inhabited space, so as to be as efficient as possible. Additionally, specialtycoated glass panels (triple Low-E glass) transmit light for plant growth, while at the same time reducing heat gain.

The entire system is tuned together with the microclimate effects of the waterfall, which has a great impact on the interior thermal conditions and contributes to the cooling of the spaces. Water flows along the glass roof and through a carefully controlled opening at the roof top oculus. The water free falls to a collection basin at the base of the vortex which contains a 435,000 litre reservoir. During the region's frequent and powerful thunderstorms, the entire roof surface drains to the centre of the building where the surplus rainwater is collected to be reused throughout the garden, and for the water feature itself. With these innovations in place, Jewel has received the Green Mark Award - GoldPLUS award from Singapore's Building & Construction Authority.

Adjacent to and accessible from the garden are over 200 retail shops, 90 food and beverage outlets, an IMAX movie complex, a transit hotel, a grocery store, early check-in facilities, baggage and concierge services. Ultimately, Jewel offers an interwoven experience of people, nature and commerce - rethinking what an urban centre can be.

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4 入口俯瞰/Overlook the entrance

5 零售區(qū)天井/Patio of retails

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: Jewel Changi Airport, 78 Airport Blvd, Singapore

客戶/Client: Jewel Changi Airport Devt Pte., Ltd.

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: Safdie Architects

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人/Principal-In-Charge

主持設(shè)計(jì)師/Lead Designer: Moshe Safdie

項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理/Principals: Jaron Lubin, Charu Kokate

項(xiàng)目成員/Project Members: David Foxe, Seunghyun Kim, Benjy Lee, Dan Lee, Peter Morgan, Reihaneh Ramezany, Laura Rushfeldt, Isaac Safdie, Damon Sidel, Temple Simpson, Lee Hua Tan, Andrew Tulen.合作/Collaborators

建筑設(shè)計(jì)執(zhí)行，建設(shè)與基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施工程/Executive Architect; Building & Infrastructure Engineers: RSP Architects Planners & Engineers

屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)與立面工程/Roof Structure & Fa?ades Engineers: BuroHappold

環(huán)境與可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)/Environmental & Sustainable Design: Atelier Ten

景觀設(shè)計(jì)/Landscape Design: PWP Landscape Architecture景觀設(shè)計(jì)執(zhí)行/Executive Landscape Architect: ICN International Singapore

水景設(shè)計(jì)/Water Feature Design: WET

商鋪設(shè)計(jì)/Retail Design: Benoy Limited

機(jī)電工程/MEP: Mott MacDonald導(dǎo)覽設(shè)計(jì)/Signage/Wayfinding: Pentagram and Entro Communications

照明設(shè)計(jì)/Lighting Design: Lighting Planners Associates

總承建/General Contractor: Woh Hup (Private) Limited

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 38,500m2

基底面積/Built Area: 135,700m2

建筑長(zhǎng)度/Length: 206m

建筑高度/Height: 地上5層，地下五層/5 above ground, 5 below分區(qū)面積/Area Breakdown:

機(jī)場(chǎng)運(yùn)行面積19,400m2/19,400m2area for air por t operations;

室內(nèi)花園及景觀21,100m2/21,100m2area for indoor gardens and attractions;

零售和食宿90,000m2（約300人容量）/90,000m2area for retail and F&B (approximately 300 tenants)

中轉(zhuǎn)酒店5200m2/5200m2transit hotel;

地下停車場(chǎng)2500m2/2500m2covered parking spaces over 5 basement levels

造價(jià)/Cost: 1.7B USD

施工周期/Construction Period: 5 Years

繪圖/Drawings: Safdie Architects

攝影/Photos: Tim Hursley

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6 平面/Plan

7 剖面/Section

評(píng)論

王亦知：星耀樟宜并不是一個(gè)航站樓，卻給所有的機(jī)場(chǎng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)者提供了一個(gè)典范，作為一個(gè)成功的商業(yè)項(xiàng)目，再次激活了已經(jīng)略顯審美疲勞的新加坡機(jī)場(chǎng)區(qū)域，為旅客提供了新鮮的目的地和商業(yè)體驗(yàn)，使樟宜機(jī)場(chǎng)又一次成為了世界最佳機(jī)場(chǎng)。建筑采用了大量創(chuàng)新的技術(shù)，營(yíng)造出奇幻的室內(nèi)空間效果。與之相伴的，是其高昂的建造和運(yùn)行成本。而能夠支撐這一切的，是樟宜機(jī)場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)期的成功運(yùn)行，是其一年接近7000萬(wàn)的高品質(zhì)旅客。正是建筑與運(yùn)行相互支撐，相互促進(jìn)，不斷地推高樟宜機(jī)場(chǎng)在行業(yè)中的領(lǐng)先地位。

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譚奔：在探索機(jī)場(chǎng)航站樓的全新定義上，樟宜機(jī)場(chǎng)集團(tuán)用星耀樟宜綜合體交了一份讓世界矚目的答卷。人們很難用準(zhǔn)確、合適的詞匯去描繪這座建筑所帶來(lái)的震撼感和未來(lái)感。精巧的設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思、頂尖的內(nèi)容策劃、滿滿的科技植入，讓它一經(jīng)落成就如同它的名字一樣，成為樟宜機(jī)場(chǎng)的一顆寶石，吸引著全球旅行者的目光。星耀樟宜綜合體在為樟宜機(jī)場(chǎng)帶來(lái)更高人氣和更多財(cái)富的同時(shí)，也為全球同行業(yè)豎起了一根難以超越的標(biāo)桿——連續(xù)8 年被評(píng)為世界最佳機(jī)場(chǎng)。

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8.9 內(nèi)景/Interior views

Comments

WANG Yizhi: Jewel Changi is not a mere terminal - it serves as a model for all airport designers and planners. As a successful commercial project, it allows Jewel Changi Airport once again to be the best airport in the world by reactivating the slightly aesthetically-fatigued areas of Singapore's airport and providing travellers with fresh destinations and business experiences. The building employs a large number of innovative technologies to create a fantastic interior space effect, which is supported by the high cost of construction and operation. What can sustain all the above is the successful long-term operation of Changi Airport, with nearly 70 million highquality passengers per year. It is the mutual support and promotion between the architecture itself and its operation that constantly push up the airport's leading position in the industry. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

TAN Ben: In terms of exploring the new def inition of airport terminals, Changi Airport Group presented a stunning answer with Jewel Changi. People found it hard to describe the feeling of being blown away and the sense of future they experienced in the building. Its delicate design, the state-of-the-art content planning, and the profound science and technology placement turn it into a jewel of the airport, like its name, and have attracted tourists from all over the world ever since it was completed. Along with more popularity and more fortune for Changi Airport, Jewel Changi has also set up a nearly unsurpassable benchmark in the field - it has been rated as the world's best airport for eight years in a row. (Translated by QIAN Fang)

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10 連廊/Bridge