人工智能與教育：北京共識（二）

Recommend Actions for Governments and other Stakeholders（Ⅱ）

AI for offering lifelong learning opportunities for all

Reaffirm that the guiding principle for achieving SDG 4 is lifelong learning， which encompasses formal， non-formal and informal learning. Adopt AI platforms and data-based learning analytics as key technologies in building integrated lifelong learning systems to enable personalized learning anytime， anywhere and potentially for anyone， with respect for learners agency. Exploit the potential of AI to enable flexible learning pathways and the accumulation， recognition， certification and transfer of individual learning outcomes.

Be mindful of the need to give appropriate policy attention to the needs of older people， especially older women， and to engage them in developing the values and skills needed for living with AI in order to break the barriers to digital life. Plan and implement well-funded programmes to equip older workers with skills and options that enable them to remain economically active for as long as they choose and to engage in their societies.

Promoting equitable and inclusive use of AI in education

Reaffirm that ensuring inclusion and equity in and through education，and offering lifelong learning opportunities to all， are the cornerstones of achieving SDG 4 – Education 2030. Reaffirm that technological breakthroughs in the field of AI in education are an opportunity to improve access to education for the most vulnerable groups.

Ensure that AI promotes high-quality education and learning opportunities for all， irrespective of gender， disability， social or economic status， ethnic or cultural background， or geographic location. The development and use of AI in education should not deepen the digital divide and must not display bias against any minority or vulnerable groups.

Ensure that AI tools in teaching and learning enable the effective inclusion of students with learning impairments or disabilities and those studying in a language other than their mother tongue.

Gender-equitable AI and AI for gender equality

Underline that the gender gap in digital skills contributes to the low share of women among AI professionals and exacerbates existing gender inequalities.

Affirm our commitment to developing AI applications in education that are free from gender bias and to ensuring that the data used for AI development are gender sensitive. AI applications should drive the promotion of gender equality.

Promote gender equality in the development of AI tools and empower girls and women with AI skills to promote gender equality among AI workforces and employers.

Ensuring ethical， transparent and auditable use of education data and algorithms

Be cognizant that AI applications can impose different kinds of bias that are inherent in the data the technology is trained on and uses as input， as well as in the way that the processes and algorithms are constructed and used. Be cognizant of the dilemmas of balancing between open access to data and data privacy protection. Be mindful of the legal issues and ethical risks related to data ownership， data privacy and data availability for public good. Be mindful of the importance of adopting principles of ethics-， privacy- and security-by-design.

Test and adopt emerging AI technologies and tools for ensuring teachers and learners data privacy protection and data security. Support robust and long-term study of deeper issues of ethics in AI， ensuring AI is used for good and preventing its harmful applications. Develop comprehensive data protection laws and regulatory frameworks to guarantee the ethical， non-discriminatory， equitable， transparent and auditable use and reuse of learners data.

Adjust existing regulatory frameworks or adopt new ones to ensure responsible development and use of AI tools for education and learning. Facilitate research on issues related to AI ethics， data privacy and security， and on concerns about AIs negative impact on human rights and gender equality.

Monitoring， evaluation and research

Be mindful of the lack of systematic studies on the impacts of AI applications in education. Support research， innovation and analysis on the effects of AI on learning practices and learning outcomes， and on the emergence and validation of new forms of learning. Take an interdisciplinary approach to research on AI in education. Encourage cross-national comparative research and collaboration.

Consider the development of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to measure the impact of AI on education， teaching and learning， in order to provide a valid and robust evidence-based foundation for policy-making.

給政府和其他利益攸關方的行動建議（二）

人工智能服務于提供全民終身學習機會

重申終身學習是實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標4的指導方針，其中包括正規(guī)、非正規(guī)和非正式學習。采用人工智能平臺和基于數(shù)據(jù)的學習分析等關鍵技術構建可支持人人皆學、處處能學、時時可學的綜合型終身學習體系，同時尊重學習者的能動性。開發(fā)人工智能在促進靈活的終身學習途徑以及學習結果累積、承認、認證和轉移方面的潛力。

意識到需要在政策層面對老年人尤其是老年婦女的需求給予適當關注，并使他們具備人工智能時代生活所需的價值觀和技能，以便為數(shù)字化生活消除障礙。規(guī)劃并實施有充足經(jīng)費支持的項目，使較年長的勞動者具備技能和選擇，能夠隨自己所愿保持在經(jīng)濟上的從業(yè)身份并融入社會。

促進教育人工智能應用的公平與包容

重申確保教育領域的包容與公平以及通過教育實現(xiàn)包容與公平，并為所有人提供終身學習機會，是實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標4—2030年教育的基石。重申教育人工智能方面的技術突破應被視為改善最弱勢群體受教育機會的一個契機。

確保人工智能促進全民優(yōu)質教育和學習機會，無論性別、殘疾狀況、社會和經(jīng)濟條件、民族或文化背景以及地理位置如何。教育人工智能的開發(fā)和使用不應加深數(shù)字鴻溝，也不能對任何少數(shù)群體或弱勢群體表現(xiàn)出偏見。

確保教學和學習中的人工智能工具能夠有效包容有學習障礙或殘疾的學生，以及使用非母語學習的學生。

性別公平的人工智能和應用人工智能促進性別平等

強調數(shù)字技能方面的性別差距是人工智能專業(yè)人員中女性占比低的原因之一，且進一步加劇了已有的性別不平等現(xiàn)象。

申明我們致力于在教育領域開發(fā)不帶性別偏見的人工智能應用程序，并確保人工智能開發(fā)所使用的數(shù)據(jù)具有性別敏感性。同時，人工智能應用程序應有利于推動性別平等。

在人工智能工具的開發(fā)中促進性別平等，通過提升女童和婦女的人工智能技能增強她們的權能，在人工智能勞動力市場和雇主中推動性別平等。

確保教育數(shù)據(jù)和算法使用合乎倫理、透明且可審核

認識到人工智能應用程序可能帶有不同類型的偏見，這些偏見是訓練人工智能技術所使用和輸入的數(shù)據(jù)自身所攜帶的以及流程和算法的構建和使用方式中所固有的。認識到在數(shù)據(jù)開放獲取和數(shù)據(jù)隱私保護之間的兩難困境。注意到與數(shù)據(jù)所有權、數(shù)據(jù)隱私和服務于公共利益的數(shù)據(jù)可用性相關的法律問題和倫理風險。注意到采納合乎倫理、注重隱私和通過設計確保安全等原則的重要性。

測試并采用新興人工智能技術和工具，確保教師和學習者的數(shù)據(jù)隱私保護和數(shù)據(jù)安全。支持對人工智能領域深層次倫理問題進行穩(wěn)妥、長期的研究，確保善用人工智能，防止其有害應用。制定全面的數(shù)據(jù)保護法規(guī)以及監(jiān)管框架，保證能對學習者的數(shù)據(jù)進行合乎倫理、非歧視、公平、透明和可審核的使用和重用。

調整現(xiàn)有的監(jiān)管框架或采用新的監(jiān)管框架，以確保負責任地開發(fā)和使用用于教育和學習的人工智能工具。推動關于人工智能倫理、數(shù)據(jù)隱私和安全相關問題，以及人工智能對人權和性別平等負面影響等問題的研究。

監(jiān)測、評估和研究

注意到缺乏有關人工智能應用于教育所產(chǎn)生影響的系統(tǒng)性研究。支持就人工智能對學習實踐、學習成果以及對新學習形式的出現(xiàn)和驗證產(chǎn)生的影響開展研究、創(chuàng)新和分析。采取跨學科辦法研究教育領域的人工智能應用。鼓勵跨國比較研究及合作。

考慮開發(fā)監(jiān)測和評估機制，衡量人工智能對教育、教學和學習產(chǎn)生的影響，以便為決策提供可靠和堅實的證據(jù)基礎。