中文教育組織的發(fā)展與合作

工作坊均由世界漢語教學(xué)學(xué)會中外理事共同主持。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，共有來自美國、加拿大、阿根廷、智利、英國、法國、瑞典、埃及、蘇丹、博茨瓦納、澳大利亞、日本、韓國、沙特、印度、尼泊爾、阿富汗、新加坡、馬來西亞、哈薩克斯坦、中國香港、中國臺灣等23 個國家和地區(qū)的專家學(xué)者參與，人次達(dá)到220 人左右。

亞太地區(qū)漢語教學(xué)學(xué)會會長吳英成、臺灣世界華語文教育學(xué)會理事長任弘、加拿大中文教師學(xué)會理事田軍、尼泊爾漢語教師學(xué)會會長古馬爾、世界漢語教育史研究學(xué)會理事施正宇、澳大利亞中文教師聯(lián)會會長李復(fù)新等均介紹了組織情況、工作計劃等。代表們認(rèn)為，目前國際上中文教育組織數(shù)量持續(xù)增加，處于發(fā)展上升階段，深化溝通、優(yōu)勢互補是今后工作重點。不少與會專家也表示，計劃成立中文教育組織，以達(dá)到團結(jié)漢語教師、促進(jìn)漢語教學(xué)事業(yè)發(fā)展的目的。

來自中外高校、教育公司和出版企業(yè)的發(fā)言嘉賓，從不同角度探討了國際中文教育多邊合作的重要性和優(yōu)越性。

孜孜華文教育科技（北京）有限公司經(jīng)理史文華以與英國謝菲爾德大學(xué)孔子學(xué)院的合作為例進(jìn)行了介紹，針對學(xué)生群體（商務(wù)人士）的需求和特點，孔子學(xué)院提供內(nèi)容，公司運用技術(shù)手段開發(fā)慕課，并升級為H5 形式的商務(wù)漢語課程。該課程不僅在孔院使用，也在當(dāng)?shù)仉娨暸_播放，既解決了商務(wù)人士學(xué)習(xí)時間短、缺乏系統(tǒng)性的問題，也為孔子學(xué)院增加了經(jīng)費來源。專家們普遍認(rèn)為，多邊合作應(yīng)從以下方面著手：優(yōu)勢互補，充分利用現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)；促進(jìn)企業(yè)與孔院、高校進(jìn)行資源研發(fā)多邊合作；加強教材研發(fā)中的顯性與隱形、淺層與深層合作；加強區(qū)域間、行業(yè)間、組織間和政府間的多邊交流合作等等。

北京語言大學(xué)中國書法國際傳播研究院院長、漢語國際教育研究院院長崔希亮教授重點從理念、章程、任務(wù)、合作方式、權(quán)利與義務(wù)等方面，提出將孔子學(xué)院串聯(lián)起來開展學(xué)術(shù)交流、人員交流，促進(jìn)成員在聯(lián)盟框架內(nèi)實現(xiàn)共贏共享；法國皮卡迪大學(xué)中文系主任閉德世教授提出建立以孔子學(xué)院為中心的中文語言和文化系統(tǒng)，滿足全年齡段漢語學(xué)習(xí)需求；安徽大學(xué)沙宗元教授以智利中文教師協(xié)會的發(fā)展建設(shè)為例，建議將中文教育組織與孔子學(xué)院一體化，由所在地區(qū)孔院發(fā)起成立，以便深入開展中文教育工作；英國倫敦理啟蒙大學(xué)現(xiàn)代語言中心主任張新生教授建議加強孔子學(xué)院與當(dāng)?shù)貒H中文教育組織的合作，以資金、學(xué)術(shù)支持等方式帶動組織發(fā)展，從而進(jìn)一步推動本土中文教育。代表們一致認(rèn)為，孔子學(xué)院是推動中文教育國際傳播的主力軍，積極吸納世界范圍內(nèi)多領(lǐng)域、多類型的中文教育組織共同參與、協(xié)同合作，是助力中文國際教育的有效路徑，也是優(yōu)化孔子學(xué)院發(fā)展的新向度。

各大學(xué)中文系主任（負(fù)責(zé)人）分享了所在高校的狀況與困境，認(rèn)為總體發(fā)展良好，但仍存在部分問題，如有些地區(qū)存在漢語教材水土不服、課程設(shè)置相近等。通過討論，代表們提出了一些解決設(shè)想，如現(xiàn)場教學(xué)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)相結(jié)合；結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)靥厣?，共同編寫本土教材與大綱；開展中外聯(lián)合培養(yǎng)本土教師繼續(xù)教育項目；成立中文教學(xué)組織等。專家們表示，孔子學(xué)院作為推動漢語教學(xué)事業(yè)發(fā)展的中堅力量，應(yīng)兼顧各國中文系的發(fā)展情況，通過學(xué)術(shù)交流、項目合作、經(jīng)驗分享等方式將其融入到國際中文教育整體中來。

The workshops are jointly held by Chinese and foreign directors of the International Society for Chinese Language Teaching. According to incomplete statistics, around 220 experts and scholars from 23 countries and regions were present, such as America, Canada,Argentina, Chile, Britain, France, Sweden, Egypt, Sudan, Botswana, Australia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Saudi Arabia, India, Nepal, Afghan, Singapore, Malaysia, Kazakhstan.

Wu Yingcheng, Chairman of the Asia-Pacific Consortium of Teaching Chinese as an International Language,Ren Hong, President of World Chinese Language Association, Tian Jun, Director of Chinese Language Teachers’ Association of Canada, Kumar, President of Chinese Language Teachers’ Association of Nepal, Shi Zhengyu, Director of International Chinese Language Education History Research Society, Li Fuxin, Chairman of Australian Chinese Language Teachers’ Association introduced their institutions and work plans etc. The representatives believed that Chinese language education institutions are increasing around the world now and such development is in an upswing.It is the key to deepen communication and complement each other’s advantages for future work. Many experts also planned to establish Chinese language education institutions to unite Chinese language teachers and promote the development of Chinese language teaching.

Guests from colleges, education companies and publishing enterprises in China and foreign countries discussed the importance and superiority of international multilateral cooperation for Chinese language education. Shi Wenhua, Manager of Zizi Chinese Language Education Science (Beijing) Co.,Ltd. showed the cooperation with the Confucius Institute at the University of Sheffield in Britain for an introduction.According to students’ demands and characteristics, the Confucius Institute provided contents and the company used technology to develop the MOOC and upgrade the course to Business Chinese language course in H5 form.The course is not only used in the Confucius Institute, but also played in local TV stations, helping entrepreneurs have more learning time and systematic study and increasing the fund for the Confucius Institute. Experts believed that multilateral cooperation should be carried out in the following aspects: to complement each other’s advantages and make full use of modern teaching technology; to promote multilateral cooperation in resource research and development by enterprises, the Confucius Institute, colleges and universities;to enhance the cooperation in textbook research and development; to strengthen multilateral communication and cooperation among regions, industries,organizations and governments.

Cui Xiliang, President of International Communication Institute of Chinese Calligraphy and Research Institute of International Chinese Language Education at Beijing Language and Culture University, put forward that we should unite the Confucius Institute to perform academic communication and personnel exchange so that members can have win-win results and share benefits under the alliance frame,in terms of concept, constitution, task,cooperation method as well as rights and obligations. Georges Bê Duc, Dean of the Chinese Language Department at University of Picardy in France, put forward that we should establish a Chinese language and culture system centered around the Confucius Institute to satisfy the Chinese language study demands of people at various ages. Sha Zongyuan,Professor of Anhui University, took the development of Chinese Language Teachers’ Association of Chile as an example and advised that the local Confucius Institute should integrate Chinese language education institutions and the Confucius Institute to develop Chinese language education in depth.Zhang Xinsheng, Director of the Centre for Modern Languages in Richmond,the American International University in London, suggested strengthening the cooperation between the Confucius Institute and local Chinese language education institutions and using fund and academic support etc. to drive the development of the institutions so as to further promote local Chinese language education. It is agreed by all representatives that the Confucius Institute is the main force to promote international Chinese language education. It is an effective way of assisting international Chinese language education and a new direction of optimizing Confucius Institute development to actively absorb Chinese language education institutions of various types around the globe to participate and cooperate together.

Deans (principals) of the Chinese language departments in various universities shared the situations and difficulties faced by their universities. They thought that the overall development is good, but some problems still existed.For example, Chinese language textbooks are not suitable for some areas and courses are all similar. Through discussion, the representatives put forward some assumptions, such as combining on-site teaching with online teaching,writing local textbooks and outlines based on local features, conducting Sino-foreign in-service training for local teachers’, and establishing Chinese language teaching institutions etc. Experts indicated that the Confucius Institute serves as the core force to push forward Chinese language teaching development and should give consideration to the development of Chinese language departments in various countries at the same time and fuse the Chinese language departments into the whole community of international Chinese language education through various methods, such as academic communication, program cooperation and experience sharing.