主題2：圖畫、圖表類作文寫作指南

張嵐

命題導讀

圖畫、圖表類作文通常以圖畫、表格或圖形的形式呈現(xiàn)，體裁多為說明文或議論文。此類題型要求考生根據(jù)圖畫和圖表提供的信息、數(shù)據(jù)和文字內(nèi)容進行描述、分析與討論，得出令人信服的結(jié)論，或?qū)δ骋唤Y(jié)論進行評述。

圖畫、圖表類作文常見的命題形式有圖畫、表格、條形圖、餅狀圖、線形圖。圖畫、圖表中的信息和數(shù)據(jù)往往較多，寫作時一般不能把各種信息和數(shù)據(jù)都列舉出來。因此，讀懂圖畫和圖表是關鍵，考生要認真分析圖畫和圖表的信息和數(shù)據(jù)?？忌匠Ｒ嘧鼍毩?，熟悉這類作文的寫法，熟記常用詞匯和句型。

寫作導析

在平時的訓練或考試中，圖畫、圖表類作文出現(xiàn)的概率相對較小，所以考生不容易把握其寫作技巧。圖畫、圖表類作文不像提綱作文一樣會給出寫作要點，考生需要根據(jù)圖畫和圖表內(nèi)容來尋找信息，確定文章的寫作思路。盡管圖表作文與圖畫作文有很大的不同，但寫作思路基本相同，可以歸納為以下三個方面：

1. 簡要描述圖畫或圖表的直觀內(nèi)容

寫好圖畫、圖表類作文的第一步是解讀圖畫內(nèi)容或分析圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)變化所反映出來的問題或趨勢，把直觀看到的圖畫或圖表的內(nèi)容簡單地描述出來，簡要敘述圖畫的內(nèi)容或圖表所揭示的信息。這一部分簡要概述即可，不需要展開。

2. 分析圖畫或數(shù)據(jù)并闡述原因

分析圖畫或數(shù)據(jù)變化的原因，并闡明理由，注意應使內(nèi)容要點條理化、有序化。

3. 提出解決問題的建議或揭示圖畫的寓意，得出結(jié)論

和提綱作文一樣，圖畫、圖表類作文的最后也要總結(jié)全文的觀點，根據(jù)圖畫或圖表的內(nèi)容給出相應的評價或者建議，這一點類似于社會問題型作文的結(jié)尾。

素材導背

一、高頻詞匯

1. 上升：rise、increase、go up

2. 下降：fall、drop、decrease、decline、reduce、lessen

3. 平穩(wěn)：stable、steady、remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to

4. 占：occupy、take up、account for

5. 而：while、however、whereas、on the other hand

6. 相比：by contract、on the contrary、likewise、be compared with

7. 總結(jié)：to sum up、in short、in conclusion

二、高頻句式

（一）說明圖中的內(nèi)容

1.Thetable/chart/diagram/graphshowsthat...這個表格/圖表/示意圖/曲線圖表明……

2. According to the table/chart/diagram/graph... 根據(jù)表格/圖表/示意圖/曲線圖……

3.Asisshowninthetable/chart/diagram/graph...如表格/圖表/示意圖/曲線圖所示……

4. As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures... 從表格/圖表/示意圖/曲線圖/數(shù)字中可以看出……

5. It can be seen that... 可以看出……

6. It is clear from the figures/statistics that... 從數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)可以清楚地看出……

7. It is apparent from the figures/statistics/table/chart/diagram/graph that... 從這些數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)/表格/圖表/示意圖/曲線圖中可以明顯看出……

8. In recent years， there has been rapid growth/development in the area of... 近年來，……區(qū)域有了很大的發(fā)展。

9. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of...in recent years. 近年來，……的數(shù)量呈上升趨勢。

10. As is vividly depicted in the cartoon given above， we can observe that... 正如上面所給出的漫畫生動描繪的那樣，我們可以觀察到……

11. It is obvious that the picture wants to draw our attention towards... 很明顯，這幅畫想引起我們對……的關注。

12. As can be seen in the picture， .../As is shown in the picture， .../As is seen in the picture， ... 如圖所示，……

13. The picture describes an interesting phenomenon that... 這幅畫描述了一個有趣的現(xiàn)象……

（二）發(fā)表觀點或評價

1. Nowadays， more and more people are beginning to realize the importance of... 如今，越來越多的人開始意識到……的重要性。

2. The implied meaning of the picture should be taken into account seriously. 圖片的寓意應深思。

3. There are many reasons for the great changes. 造成這種巨變的原因很多。

4. There may be three factors which contribute to the... First of all， ... And then the sec?ond reason is that... The last reason， I think， is that... 可能有三個因素導致了…… 首先，……然后，第二個原因是……最后一個原因，我認為是……

5. In my opinion， we should take some measures as follows to deal with the problems shown in the picture. 在我看來，我們應該采取以下一些措施來處理圖片中呈現(xiàn)的問題。

6. The moral of this story is very simple. 這個故事的寓意是十分簡單的。

7. Taking into account all these factors， we may safely arrive at the conclusion that...綜合所有因素，我們可以得出結(jié)論……

8. It is high time that we put an end to the tendency of... 是我們結(jié)束……趨勢的時候了。

9. There are several reasons for...， but in general， they come down to three major ones.有幾個原因，但總的來說，主要歸結(jié)為三個。

10. Different people have different views on... 不同的人對……有不同的看法。

11. Contrary to the popular thought， I prefer... 與主流思想相反，我更喜歡……

12. As far as I am concerned， ... 就我而言，……

（三）常用總結(jié)句型

1. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that... 這些數(shù)據(jù)/統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)/數(shù)字可以讓我們得出……的結(jié)論。

2. As can be seen from the diagram， great changes have taken place in... 從示意圖中可以看出，……發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

3. From that year on， there was a gradual decline/reduction in... 從當年起，在……方面有一個平穩(wěn)的下降/減少。

4. From all above， we can reach the conclusion that... 根據(jù)上述內(nèi)容，我們可以得出結(jié)論……

5. Only in these ways can we solve the problem of... 只有這樣，我們才能解決……的問題。

6. From what has been discussed above， we can draw the conclusion that... 通過以上討論，我們可以得出結(jié)論……

三、寫作模板

寫作模板1

As is shown in the bar graph given above， ..（. 現(xiàn)象概括）To be specific， ..（. 現(xiàn)象的具體描述）Besides， ..（. 現(xiàn)象的進一步描述）

In general， there are several factors accounting for such a trend/phenomenon（. 概述原因）Firstly， ..（. 原因1）Secondly， ..（. 原因2）Last but not least， ..（. 原因3）

Based on what has been mentioned above， we may come to the conclusion that..（. 總結(jié)上文，結(jié)束全文）

寫作模板2

It seems to me that the drawing is sending a message about （圖畫內(nèi)容），which reveals （稍作評價）.

In my of view， . Apparently， （. 將個人觀點和圖片內(nèi)容相結(jié)合，得出觀點）On the one hand， .（從一個角度論證）On the other hand，（. 從另一個角度說明）

Simple as the image seems to be， the intended meaning goes far deeper. The illustra?tion is urging us to （建議或措施）. Only in this way， can we （展望結(jié)果）.

寫作模板3

What an interesting picture！ As is shown in the picture， （描述圖中信息）. Besides， （重復描述圖中信息）

To my understanding， the picture intends to tell us the importance of （圖片反映的核心問題）. （. 對核心問題的簡潔闡釋）

As a student， I think we should __________.（發(fā)出倡議）Only in this way can we（. 期望達成的美好愿望）

四、句式升級示例

1. 同位語的使用

China has abundant water resources.

→China， a country with a great number of rivers， has abundant water resources.

The table reflects the rapid development of urbanization and migration of rural popula?tion.

→The table reflects a prevailing trend， the rapid development of urbanization and mi?gration of rural population.

Mobile payment has transformed the way of our life.

→Mobile payment， a product of the digital age， has transformed the way of our life.

2. 分詞結(jié)構作狀語的使用

More and more graduates choose to start the business of their own.

→Supported by the government， a growing/an increasing number of graduates choose to start the business of their own.

The number of the students doing part?time jobs has greatly increased. It has reached one million this year.

→The number of the students doing part?time jobs has greatly increased， reaching one million this year.

3. 分詞作后置定語的使用

Fewer students have chosen to study abroad in recent years.

→The number of the students studying abroad has been on the decrease in recent years.

真題導讀

（2022·全國乙卷）學校英文報正在開展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom為題的討論。請使用圖表中的調(diào)查結(jié)果寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 學習活動狀況描述；

2. 簡單評論；

3. 你的建議。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 短文的題目和首句已為你寫好。

【參考范文】

Learning English Beyond the Classroom

Nowadays， with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers， an increasingnumber of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.

It can easily be seen that students who choose to listen to English songs and watchEnglish movies respectively account for 65% and 50%. However， those choosing to readEnglish books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.

As far as Im concerned， it is a disturbing trend. For students， what benefits most totheir study is reading English books. Because of their lack of self?discipline， theyre moreeasily addicted to chatting online or playing games. It's urgent for students themselves toimprove their self?discipline， and its also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen theguidance.

本篇書面表達屬于說明文，要求考生使用圖表中的調(diào)查結(jié)果寫一篇短文給學校英文報投稿。

一、詞匯積累

選擇：choose → select

提高：improve → strengthen

各種各樣的：various → diverse

就我而言：as far as Im concerned → from my perspective

二、句式升級

簡單句變復合句：

Nowadays， with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers， an increasingnumber of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.

→Nowadays， because smartphones and computers are becoming more and more popu?lar， an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroomin various ways.

使用It can easily be seen that...句型：

It can easily be seen that students who choose to listen to English songs and watchEnglish movies respectively account for 65% and 50%.

使用it作形式主語，代替動詞不定式：

It's urgent for students themselves to improve their self?discipline.

模擬導練

Test 1

下圖反映的是你校2019年與2022年學生健康狀況調(diào)查的部分數(shù)據(jù)，請你用英語為校英文報寫一份報告，反映你校學生三年間健康狀況的變化情況，分析其中的原因，并提出一些改進措施。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 首句已為你寫好。

A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school has been going frombad to worse in the past three years._______________________

Test 2

最近你班在英語課堂上就“是否愿意在校上晚自習”進行了討論，結(jié)果如下。請根據(jù)下表寫一篇英語短文，給Crazy English 投稿。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 首句已為你寫好。

Recently there was a heated discussion in my class._________________

Test 3

近期，我校學生會對高中生在家做家務的情況做了一個調(diào)查，調(diào)查結(jié)果如下。請簡要描述調(diào)查結(jié)果，并談談你對高中生是否應該做家務這個問題的看法。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Recently， the Students Union of our school did a survey on the situation of high school students doing housework at home.____________________

Test 4

你校在本學期開展了社會實踐活動，為使同學們更好地了解寫好漢字的重要性并鼓勵學生寫好漢字，學校對某校100名學生進行了抽樣調(diào)查。請你根據(jù)下圖反映的情況，寫一篇調(diào)查報告。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Test 5

請根據(jù)右圖，按要求寫一篇80詞左右的文章。

寫作要求：

1. 描述畫面；

2. 概述其含義；

3. 談談個人感想。

注意：可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

______________________