卡爾頓木屋，弗格拉什，羅馬尼亞

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：Archaeus建筑事務(wù)所

1 外景/Exterior view

高度體現(xiàn)態(tài)度

對(duì)建筑師而言，挑戰(zhàn)是維持設(shè)計(jì)生命的燃料。

在有限的預(yù)算內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)一座海拔2100m 高處的木屋，我們對(duì)這樣一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)意味著什么并沒有很清晰的想法，尤其是因?yàn)槲覀兿Ｍ芾迷赟ky Hill工作坊中與學(xué)生們一同工作所積累的10 年建造經(jīng)驗(yàn)去親自建造這座棚屋。

我們的研究主題是一座位于羅馬尼亞弗格拉什山區(qū)卡爾頓的燈塔。此外我們還研究了直升機(jī)運(yùn)輸?shù)姆绞?，這對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)有決定性的作用。我們與飛行員們進(jìn)行了4 小時(shí)以上的對(duì)話，以確定實(shí)施技術(shù)和項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行方案。我們還討論了如何在極端條件下施工，如何為了特殊的空間謹(jǐn)慎地選擇材料，在海拔高的地點(diǎn)采取怎樣的態(tài)度。參與項(xiàng)目的每個(gè)人都在這段不尋常的經(jīng)歷中不斷學(xué)習(xí)。任何錯(cuò)誤都可能導(dǎo)致失敗，因此我們身負(fù)很大的壓力。

我們選擇的材料是正交膠合木，它在各個(gè)方面都非常合適：能承受大量積雪（參考雪荷載為2t/m2），在具備足夠結(jié)構(gòu)抗風(fēng)性能的條件下相對(duì)較輕，材料表面很友好，以及不要忘了它有美好的木香味。建筑的動(dòng)態(tài)造型是根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐膹?qiáng)風(fēng)而設(shè)計(jì)的，其鋁制蓋板的顏色和設(shè)計(jì)則來源于基地上爬滿青苔的石頭。

建筑位于在羅馬尼亞山區(qū)的事故多發(fā)地帶，它的一項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單但必需的功能就是急救室，包括為山地救援隊(duì)提供的3 個(gè)床位和為游客提供的19 個(gè)床位。建筑的位置相較于之前使用了40 年的棚屋的位置略有不同，主要是考慮到要讓湖泊免受污染，以及功能上的原因（平臺(tái)變成了直升機(jī)的緊急迫降地），同時(shí)要避免受到卡爾頓的持續(xù)山谷風(fēng)的影響。

太陽能光伏板讓這座游客建筑實(shí)現(xiàn)能源的自給自足，它們被安裝在屋頂和塔架底部，讓建筑在一整天中都能閃閃發(fā)光。建筑自身成為了一個(gè)信號(hào)、一座燈塔，體現(xiàn)了一種新的態(tài)度。□

（母卓爾 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

業(yè)主/Owner: Mountain Rescue Service Sibiu/County Council Sibiu, Adrian David

概念及建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Concept and Architecture: Marius Miclaus

小草具有顧強(qiáng)的生命力。每當(dāng)遇到暴風(fēng)雨的襲擊時(shí)，小草好像被折磨得快死了，有的歪歪斜斜，有的身子貼地，但它們卻不會(huì)屈服。過了一會(huì)兒，小草又慢慢地挺直了腰。微風(fēng)一吹，小草就會(huì)跳起歡快的舞蹈，時(shí)而舒展雙臂，時(shí)而彎腰觸地，時(shí)而左右擺動(dòng)……這時(shí)，你如果有空來欣賞一下，一定會(huì)讓你心曠神恰，樂而忘返！

合作者/Collaborators: Ovidiu B?lan, Paula Ivan

學(xué)生/Students: Maria Andrecencu, Raluca Nicoleta Ciobanu,Raul Andronache

金屬結(jié)構(gòu)/Metal Structure Engineer: Path's Rout: Cornel Farca?,

木結(jié)構(gòu)/CLT Structure Engineer: Inginerie Creativ?: Marius ?oflete

直升機(jī)/Pilot/Aviation Ministry: Nicolae Chiri?? with Crew

志愿者執(zhí)行團(tuán)隊(duì)/Executed with Volunteers: 42（建筑師、工程師、建筑專業(yè)學(xué)生、登山救援隊(duì)、登山愛好者/Architects, engineers, architecture students, mountain rescuers, mountain lovers）

建成面積/Built Area: 35.5m2

影片/Movie: Olimpiu Vuia

Take altitude/attitude

For an architect, the challenge is the fuel that subtly keeps him alive.

We had a vague idea about what it meant accepting the challenge to design a shelter at 2100m within a restricted budget, especially since we asked to build it ourselves, based on the 10 year experience of workshops with students at Sky Hill workshop platform.

A lighthouse in the Fagaras mountains at Caltun, in Romania, was made to be the theme of study. Along with all other sub-themes including the transportation by helicopter as a defining design factor (more than 4 hours of talks with the pilots mapped the execution technology and project implementation), it was also discussed in regard to execution under extreme conditions, the careful choice of materials for a special space and the induction of an attitude at certain a(l)ttitude,etc. Everyone involved was made to learn from this extreme experience. Any mistake could lead to failure... so the pressure was high.

The chosen material, CLT (Cross Laminated Timber), was suited well from different perspectivesresistant to abundant snow (the reference load was 2t/m2), light, compared to its structural wind resistance, friendly surface and not to forget the incredible wooden scent. The dynamic shape is designed according to the strong local winds, while aluminum cover sheet takes its colour and design from the moss covered stone panels on site.

The simple but more than necessary function in one of the most exposed to accidents areas in Romania's mountains is organised in first aid room for mountain rescue team (3 places) and space for tourists (19 places). The location was slightly moved from the previous 40 year old shelter, given the lake protection against pollution and functional reasons (the platform becomes helicopter landing area in case of emergency) while also avoiding the continuous wind current of Caltun valley.

The photovoltaic panel gives energy independence for this tourism structure and is placed on the roof, at the base of the tower, which brings in the light spectacle throughout the day. The object itself becomes a signal, a lighthouse…for a new attitude.□

2 草圖/Sketch

3 運(yùn)輸示意/Transport diagrams

4 運(yùn)輸中/Transporting

5 夜景/Night view

6 形變分析模型/Analysis model of deformed shape

7 屋頂平面/Roof plan

8 首層平面/Ground floor plan

9.10 立面/Elevations

11 剖面/Section

12 建造中/Under construction

13-15 內(nèi)景/Interior views

評(píng)論

車飛：這是一座為旅游者服務(wù)的輕型建筑，甚至按照當(dāng)代人的理解，很難把它稱之為一座完整的建筑，被直升機(jī)吊裝的“旅游裝置”或“登山設(shè)備”？但這正是這座小建筑的有趣之處。一座“原始棚屋”，一座用最新數(shù)字技術(shù)加工而成的“原始棚屋”，甚至那架直升機(jī)使得這座數(shù)字時(shí)代的“原始棚屋”更加具有神圣的象征意義。這個(gè)小建筑使得我們重新回到建筑本體論的話題中，朗吉耶與森佩爾關(guān)于建筑起源的討論，即使在今天仍然具有重要的意義。

斯蒂芬·菲里米塔：雖然在山頂上發(fā)現(xiàn)一座像燈塔一樣的棚屋有點(diǎn)奇怪，但是看起來還是令人非常賞心悅目的。我只希望這個(gè)燈塔的設(shè)計(jì)只是為了好看，不會(huì)真的出于什么救援需要。最后我對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)還有一個(gè)問題，那就是這個(gè)棚屋真的好移動(dòng)嗎？不管怎么說，任務(wù)完成了，建得也不錯(cuò)。（錢芳 譯）

Comments

CHE Fei:This is a lightweight construction serving for tourists. It can hardly be described as a completed construction according to the contemporary definition, maybe a "tourism device" or a "mountaineering equipment" hoisted by a helicopter? But that is why this small construction is interesting. A "primitive shelter", a "primitive shelter"processed with the latest digital technology, even that helicopter adds more sacred symbolic meaning to the "primitive shanty" of digital era. It brings us back to the topic of architectural ontology, and it can be seen that the discussion on the origin of architecture between Laugier and Semper is still important today. (Translated by QIAN Fang)

Stefan Firimita:Even if the lighthouse feature of the shelter is somehow strange to find on the top of a mountain it is very agreeable to look at.I just hope that this feature to be used only for enjoyment and not for rescue necessities. As a last question for the design team, I was thinking of how moveable this shelter really is. Anyways, at the end of the day it is a good place to be.