ABSTRACT

OntheIntellectualCharacteristicsofEducationalThinking

(by LIU Qing-chang)

Abstract：Wisdom thinking in educational life is of the nature of means, and its most prominent feature is the thinking which takes educational methods and strategies as its core content. Under this premise, educational methods and strategies with wisdom have the educational features associated with educational purposes, ideological features associated with educational concepts, cultural features associated with human progress and social development, and creative features associated with the improvement of the realm of education itself. The educational thinking with wisdom, in turn, becomes educational, ideological, cultural and creative thinking of education. When educators make a connection between their thoughts about educational means and their educational ends and spirit, we should not simply judge their thoughts about educational means as technical , but should joyfully associate their thoughts with educational wisdom.

Keywords: education wisdom; educational thinking; educational; ideological; cultural; creative

InvestigationintotheCharacteristicsofZengGong’sAncientChineseProsefromtheUseofFunctionWords——ComparisonwithOuyangXiu’sLiteraryStyle

(by HIGASHI Hidetoshi)

Abstract：So far, there are few studies on the characteristics of Zeng Gong’s articles. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to give specific explanations on the characteristics of Zeng Gong’s articles. Zeng Gong’s articles are often described as “feminine”. Tracing back to its source, Yao Nai compared Zeng Gong’s articles with Ouyang Xiu’s articles and described them as “feminine” in the Qing dynasty. That is to say, there must be some similarities between Zeng Gong’s and Ouyang Xiu’s articles. Therefore, when examining the characteristics of Zeng Gong’s articles, it is crucial to examine the similarities between Zeng Gong’s and Ouyang Xiu’s articles. This paper points out that the similarity between Zeng Gong’s and Ouyang Xiu’s articles is exactly the use of function words in their articles. Since function words are not directly related to context, it can be said that, to some extent, the author’s personality can be seen from the use of function words. Through the investigation in this paper, it is proved that Zeng Gong’s use of function words is very similar to that of Ouyang Xiu. That is to say, Zeng Gong’s and Ouyang Xiu’s use of function words are similar to each other, so both of their articles have been called “feminine”. The reason why Zeng Gong’s articles are similar to Ouyang Xiu’s articles is that when he was young, Zeng Gong began to read Ouyang Xiu’s articles so well that he could recite almost every one of them, thus Zeng Gong unconsciously learned Ouyang Xiu’s use of function words and applied it to his creation.

Keywords: Zeng Gong; Ouyang Xiu; Han Yu; ancient Chinese prose; “feminine”; function words; correlation coefficient

OnZengGong’sEpitaphWritingintheHistoricalWay

(by ZHANG Ya-jing，MA Dong-yao)

Abstract：Zeng Gong had strong historical consciousness for epitaph writing in the refinement of character personalities, writing style and writing purpose, and he inherited the historical way of epitaph writing from Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu, eliminating the gap between theory and practice with the practical achievements. Ou and Zeng’s principles of pursuing the truth and expressing concisely on epitaph writing had been enriched in the practice and formed their own style, which made the foundation of epitaph writing in the Song Dynasty.

Keywords: Zeng Gong; epitaph; historical consciousness; Ou and Zeng’s writing strategy

EffectsofTonalLanguageExperienceonPerceptionofMandarinTonesbyChinese-as-a-Second-LanguageSpeakers

(by LI Li, LI Ya-xian, KANG Yu, WANG Li)

Abstract：The present study took three experiments to explore the effects of tonal language experience on perception of Mandarin tones by Chinese-as-a-second-language speakers. The subjects contained some native Thai speakers who have tonal language experience and some native Russian speakers who have no tonal language experience. In experiment 1 and experiment 2, the tone perception task was used to investigate the perception of Mandarin tones by subjects with primary and intermediate Chinese proficiency respectively. In experiment 3, the tone perception assimilation mode of the native Thai speakers with primary and intermediate Chinese proficiency was investigated. Combining the results of the three experiments, it was found that the tonal language experience had played a promoting role in the tonal perception of Chinese as a second language, which was realized by the native tonal speakers’ perceptual assimilation mechanism of mandarin tones. In addition, the perception and assimilation of mandarin tones by Chinese-as-a-second-language speakers were not significantly regulated by their Chinese proficiency, whereas the second language learners’ perception of mandarin tones was restricted by the characteristics of mandarin tones themselves.

Keywords: tonal language experiences; Chinese-as-a-second-language speaks; tone perception; perceptual assimilation

TheEffectofDependencyandSelf-criticismontheRelationshipbetweenStressandDepressioninUndergraduates

(by ZHONG Ming-tian, ZHANG Yu， LIU Qian，YANG Hui-hui，PENG Wan-rong，LIU Zhao-xia，LING Yu)

Abstract：This study was to examine whether dependency personality and self-criticism personality were mediators or moderators on the relationship between stress and depression. A total of 634 undergraduates completed General Social and Academic Hassles Scale (GSAHS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ). Stepwise regression and hierarchical multiple regression were used to explore whether the dependency and self-criticism were moderators or mediators. The results showed that there were positive correlations among scores of GSAHS, CES-D, dependency factor of DEQ, self-criticism factor of DEQ. Moreover, subjects with high dependency and self-criticism had significantly higher scores in GSAHS and CES-D than those with low dependency and self-criticism. Regression analyses showed that both dependency and self-criticism were part mediators rather than moderators on the relationship between stress and depression. This study demonstrated that personalities of dependency and self-criticism were mediators on the relationship between stress and depression in undergraduates.

Keywords: vulnerable personality to depression; stress-susceptibility model; mediator; moderator

TheRuralRevitalizationStrategy:CognitionBiasandImplementingPath

(by CAO Zong-ping, LI Zong-yue)

Abstract：Ever since the rural revitalization strategy was carried out, better performances have been achieved in many aspects, and some problems appeared as well especially in precisely comprehending the specific targets of rural revitalization, its inner relations with new-type urbanization, the development orientation of rural tourism etc, which have resulted in lots of practical straits. Nowadays we ought to pay attention to such issues as the accurate connection between rural revitalization and migrant labors returning hometown to start businesses, and the exact mating of new-type urbanization and renovating the residences in rural areas. In addition, we should rationally look upon the abnormal tendency that the urban-rural income gap is likely to be widened in the future.

Keywords: rural revitalization; cognition bias; path; new-type urbanization; migrant labors returning hometown; renovating the residences in rural areas

CanInternationalImmigrantsinChinaEnjoySocialWelfare?AnalysisBasedonPublicWelfareAttitudes

(by YUE Jing-lun, YOU Ze-feng)

Abstract：With the development of “the Belt and Road” Initiative, China is taking a more open and inclusive attitude to attract international talents to China. However, in recent years, a series of social events concerning the preferential treatment of foreigners， mainly foreign students, in China have aroused widespread public concern and even doubts. Compared with the research on the public attitudes towards the welfare eligibility of international immigrants in western countries, the research on the public attitudes towards the welfare eligibility of international immigrants in China is still in a blank state. Based on the data of China Welfare Attitudes Survey 2018, this article studies the public attitudes towards welfare eligibility of international immigrants and their determinants from the perspectives of ethnic competition hypothesis and intergroup contact hypothesis. The results are as follows. (1) Although the public agrees to maintain a certain number of international immigrants to work and study in China, they hold a more cautious and conservative attitude towards the welfare eligibility of international immigrants. (2) The public in the eastern coastal areas are more inclusive and tolerant about the welfare eligibility of international immigrants than the public in the inland areas in China. (3) Compared with the northern, southern and western European countries, the attitude of the Chinese public towards the welfare eligibility of international migrants is more cautious and conservative. (4) Socio-economic status, age, number of children, region and work unit are the critical determinants of those attitudes. The conclusions of this paper are helpful to evaluate the potential public opinion risk of China’s international migration management policy and can provide important enlightenment for improving China’s international migration management policy and promoting “the Belt and Road” Initiative.

Keywords: the public; international immigrants; welfare eligibility; attitude; “the Belt and Road” Initiative

OntheLegalBoundarybetweenJustifiableDefenseandExcessiveDefense

(by GAO Ming-xuan)

Abstract：There is a certain disconnection between the legislative provisions and the judicial application of justifiable defense system, so correctly activating and exercising the right of defense in accordance with the law has become a major pain point of the current judicial policies. In properly solving the judicial disputes between justifiable defense and excessive defense, it is necessary to start from the basic standpoint of giving priority to defense right, establish a favorable interpretation position and value orientation of defenders, appropriately relax the limitation of defense, and give necessary “tolerance” to excessive defense. Meanwhile, we should also explore the boundaries of excessive defense based on the legitimacy of defense, from the perspectives of the opposition between right and evil and the balance between legal and illegal. At the normative level, it is necessary to courageously get rid of all kinds of judicial misconceptions such as “results-only theory”, and make a comprehensive judgment on the two core elements of obviously exceeding the necessary limits and causing serious consequences from the perspective of behavior and results and based on the unity of subjectivity and objectivity, so as to achieve individual justice. Besides, there is no room for discussion of excessive defense in special defense.

Keywords: justifiable defense; excessive defense; judicial entanglement; legal logic; normative logic