Module 10 Unit 1
1. lead to
【點撥】 lead to(介詞)意為“導致,引起”,后可接名詞,也可接動名詞。如:His remarks are likely to lead to confusion. 他的話可能會造成混亂。
【拓展】 lead to還可表示“通向”,后接地點名詞。如:All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。與短語lead to意為“導致,引起”同義的詞及短語:cause; bring about; result in。
Smoking may cause lung cancer. 吸煙可導致肺癌。
What brought about the quarrel? 這場爭吵是怎樣引起的?
The bad weather resulted in traffic jam. 惡劣的天氣導致了交通堵塞。
【考題鏈接】 With the kindhearted boy the way, we had no to trouble the way to the zoo.
A. leading; finding; leading
B. to lead; found; to lead
C. led; finding; led
D. leading; found; led
參考答案:A。
2. intend sb. to do sth.
【點撥】 intend sb. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事
I intend you to take over. 我打算讓你來接管。
【拓展】 1) intend常見用法:intend to do sth. 打算做某事;intend that... 打算……;intend sth. for sb. (as sth.) 是為……而設計/安排
What do you intend to do this weekend? 這個周末你打算干什么?
We intend that the reform should be carried within the year. 我們打算在年內(nèi)進行這項改革。
2) intend 用過去完成時或intend后接動詞不定式的完成式表示一個過去打算做而實際未做的愿望或打算:had intended to do sth. / intended to have done sth.
I had intended to come last night, but something stopped me.=I intended to have come last night, but something stopped me.昨晚我本打算來的,但有事未成。
【考題鏈接】 My father my brother for driving but he wanted to pick knowledge of the computer during his spare time.
A. advised; up B. persuaded; out
C. intended; up D. managed; out
參考答案:C。
3. In fact, hunger is the worlds number one health risk, killing more people than any disease. (P2,L13) 事實上,饑餓是全球頭號健康威脅,致死的人比任何疾病都要多。
【點撥】 此句中killing到句末是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語,相當于一個并列句。
His father died, leaving him lots of debts.=His father died and left him lots of debts.他父親去世了,給他留下了許多債務。
【拓展】 現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語,表示自然而然的結(jié)果;不定式與only / never等構(gòu)成不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語,常表示出乎意料的情況。
She hurried to the railway station, only to find that the train had already left.她匆忙趕到火車站,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。
【高考真題回放】 Around 13500 new jobs were created during the period, the expected number of 12000 held by market analysts. (2018江蘇26)
A. having exceeded B. to exceed
C. exceeded D. exceeding
【解析】 D。句意:在此期間創(chuàng)造了大約13500個就業(yè)機會,結(jié)果超出了市場分析師估計的12000個就業(yè)機會。
4. wrestle
【點撥】 wrestle vi. & vt. 摔跤;努力對付或解決 n. 摔跤,角力;斗爭,搏斗
【拓展】 wrestle with sb. 與某人摔跤/扭打;wrestle with sth. 努力對付或解決(難題或困難等);wrestle to do sth. 努力做某事
In the past ten years, she has wrestled with difficulties. 在過去十年里,她一直與困難作斗爭。
He wrestled to raise money for the victims of hunger in Ethiopia. 他想方設法為埃塞俄比亞饑荒受難者募集資金。
【高考真題回放】 He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016江蘇卷25)
A. approach B. wrestle
C. compromise D. communicate
【解析】 C。該題考查動詞辨析。approach靠近,接近;wrestle摔跤,斗爭,努力解決;compromise妥協(xié),和解,讓步;communicate交流;根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。
5. beyond doubt
【點撥】 beyond doubt 毫無疑問;無需置疑=without doubt;doubtless 無疑的
Beyond doubt, she is the cleverest student in the class. 她無疑是全班最聰明的學生。
Its beyond doubt that we can overcome all these difficulties. 毫無疑問,我們能戰(zhàn)勝所有這些困難。
【拓展】 1) beyond作介詞用時,常用于下列幾種情況:
① 意為“在……的那一邊;在……之外;在更遠處”。如:The Yellow River is beyond that hill. 黃河在山的那邊。
② 意為“遲于;超過”某時間。如:Some shops keep open beyond midnight. 有些商店營業(yè)到半夜以后。
③ 意為“超出;多于;為……所不能及”某范圍、水平、限度、能力等。如:Nanjing is very beautiful beyond my description.南京很美,我無法形容。
④ 意為“除……之外”,用在否定句和疑問句中。如:I know nothing of it beyond what he told.除了他告訴我的以外,別的我都不知道。
⑤ 意為“超過”某年齡或數(shù)量。如:She didnt believe in people living beyond 100. 她不相信人能活到100歲以上。
2) doubt可用作名詞和動詞
① 用作名詞,在肯定句中后接whether從句,在否定句中或疑問句后接that從句。
There is some doubt whether he will help us. 他是否會幫助我們還有些疑慮。
② without doubt 毫無疑問,的確
③ 用作動詞,在肯定句中,其后通常接whether / if引導的賓語從句;在否定句或疑問句中通常用that引導賓語從句。
We dont doubt that he can do a good job. 我們并不懷疑他能把這事干的很好。
I doubt if / whether it is true. 我看這未必是事實。
④ 常用于句型:There is no / little doubt that...毫無疑問……。
There is no doubt that well help Africa. 毫無疑問,我們會幫助非洲。
【高考真題回放】 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,?
A. is there B. isnt there
C. is he D. isnt he
【解析】 A。因為前面there be 句子中含有否定意義的詞little,所以反義疑問句用肯定形式;there be句型反義疑問句部分仍然用there be結(jié)構(gòu)。
6. solution
【點撥】 solution n. 解決方法,如:the solution to...解決問題的方法
【拓展】 “解決方法”的其他表達法:the way to solve the problem;the way of solving the problem; the approach to solving the problem
【高考真題回放】 The school advisers help you talk through our problem, but they dont give you any direct. (2010浙江卷)
A. solution B. target
C. measure D. function
【解析】 A。句意:學校顧問幫助你分析問題,但是他們不會給你直接的解決方法。solution解決方法;target目標;measure措施;function功能,作用。
7. There is a saying that goes, “Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for the rest of his life.”(P3,L31)有句俗話是這樣說的:“授人以魚,三餐之需;授人以漁,終身之用?!?/p>
【點撥】 引號中兩句用了很有用的句型。
句型1:“祈使句+and / then + 簡單句(常用一般將來時)”。該句型以祈使句來表條件,相當于if引導的條件狀語從句,而and / then后接簡單句用以表其結(jié)果。如:Study hard and youll make progress. = If you study hard, youll make progress.
句型2:“祈使句 + or + 簡單句(常用一般將來時)”,祈使句表條件(祈使句相當于否定的if條件句),or后的簡單句常表示如果不按照前面祈使句所要求的去做,就會有不好的結(jié)果。如:Hurry up,or youll be late.快一點,否則你會遲到的。= If you dont hurry up,youll be late.
【拓展】 有時,表條件的祈使句還可用名詞短語來替換。
One more effort, youll get the work finished. 再努力一下,你就能把這項工作做完。
【高考真題回放】me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result. (2014廣州33)
A. Calling B. Call
C. To call D. Having called
【解析】 B。該題考查句型“祈使句 + and / then + 簡單句(常用一般將來時)”。句意:明天給我打電話,我會告訴你實驗的結(jié)果。此句是祈使句,故用動詞原形,選B。
8. set
【點撥】 set vt. 使某人做或處于某種狀態(tài)
1) 跟帶現(xiàn)在分詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
With these words, he set all of us laughing. 他這話把我們都逗笑了。
2) 跟帶形容詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Well soon set that right. 這一點我們很快就要糾正。
3) 跟帶介詞短語的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Now you can set your mind at ease. 現(xiàn)在你可以放心了。
4) 跟帶不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
After that she set herself to collect stamps. 從那以后她開始收集郵票。
【拓展】 常用短語:set about doing sth. = set out to do sth. 開始做某事;set aside把……放到一邊,省出,留出;set back撥回,耽擱,花費;set down放下,寫下;set off動身,引起,引爆;set out出發(fā);set up搭起,建立;be set in以……為背景;set foot on踏上
【高考真題回放】 Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she her opinion on the subject.(2016天津8)
A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on
【解析】 A。句意:瑪麗在討論的前一部分是沉默的,但是最后她說出自己對這個話題的觀點。A. 將……說出,透露,表明;B. 注意,照看;C. 對……充耳不聞;D. 踏上。根據(jù)語境,故選A。
9. on top of
【點撥】 短語on top of意思是“除……之外”,同意表達法:besides(包含的除外);in addition to(包含的除外);except(不包含的除外);后常接this / that,(this / that代替前面所提到的不愉快的事)。
He writes for the magazine on top of his regular job. 他除了日常工作外,還為雜志寫稿。
【拓展】 be / feel on top of the world 非常高興、愉快或自豪
The fresh air made me feel on top of the world. 新鮮空氣使我覺得十分舒服。
【考題鏈接】? We missed our train, and, the next train was delayed, we had to wait for two hours.
A. on top of that; so
B. as a result; then
C. what was worse; however
D. because; therefore
參考答案:A。
10. contribute to
【點撥】 短語contribute to 有助于;促使;對某事起促成作用
Various factors contributed to his downfall. 各種因素導致了他的倒臺。
【拓展】 contribute 還有如下意思:
1) 捐獻;捐助;出一份錢;出一份力,如:Many people contributed money to the building of the new school. 許多人都為新校的建設捐錢。
2) 投稿,如:Dont contribute after the closing date. 請在截止日期前投稿。
【考題鏈接】 The he got in the war his early death.
A. wounds; leads to
B. wounds; contribute to
C. injuries; lead to
D. injuries; contributes to
參考答案:B。
Module 10 Unit 2
1. pension
【點撥】 pension n. 養(yǎng)老金,撫恤金
retire on a pension領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金退休
【拓展】 pension v. 給予……撫恤金或養(yǎng)老金等
pension sb. off 發(fā)給某人養(yǎng)老金使其退休
pensioner n. 領(lǐng)取撫恤金者
【高考真題回放】 Nowadays the for traveling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.(2019江蘇26)
A. priority B. potential
C. proportion D. pension
【解析】 A。句意:現(xiàn)在旅行的重點從購物轉(zhuǎn)移到食物和風景。priority(增補詞匯)優(yōu)先事項,最重要的事;potential(M7U2)可能性,潛力;proportion(增補詞匯)部分,比例,均衡;pension(M10U2)養(yǎng)老金,撫恤金,根據(jù)句意,選A。
2. flexible
【點撥】 flexible adj. 靈活的;可變通的
flexible strategy靈活的策略
flexible working hours彈性工作時間
【拓展】 flexibly adv. flexibility n. 靈活性
【高考真題回放】 Unlike traditional gyms, appbacked gyms offer people options to exercise. (2019江蘇28)
A. casual B. regular
C. flexible D. tight
【解析】 C。句意:與傳統(tǒng)健身房不同,app支持的健身房為人們提供靈活的鍛煉選擇。casual 漫不經(jīng)心的,不經(jīng)意的;regular 經(jīng)常的,定期的;flexible 有彈性的;tight 嚴密的,緊的。根據(jù)句意選C。
3. on the move
【點撥】 短語on the move意為“在行進中,在移動中”。
Dont get off the bus when its on the move. 公交車未停穩(wěn)時不要下車。
An elephant group is on the move in the National Park. 在國家公園里一群大象在活動著。
【拓展】 短語on the move: 1) 忙碌的,活躍的;2) 進行,在發(fā)展
Hes always on the move and has no time to rest. 他總是忙個不停,沒時間休息。
He seems to be on the move all day long. 他似乎一天到晚忙忙碌碌。
As is known to all, China is on the move. 眾所周知,中國正在發(fā)展中。
【考題鏈接】 What mobile phones will look like in a year or two is easy to guess—they will be slimmer and probably will let you watch television.
A. in the distance B. on the move
C. on the way D. on the mend
參考答案:B。
4. permanent
【點撥】 permanent adj. 永久的,持久的,如:a permanent force常備軍;a permanent committee常設委員會;a permanent magnet永久磁鐵
I need a permanent job. 我需要一份固定工作。
Mary seems to have a permanent smile on her face. 瑪麗臉上好像永遠掛著笑容。
【拓展】 permanently adv. permanence n. 永久(性),持久(性),永恒性
【高考真題回放】 In this article, you need to back up general statements with examples.(2016浙江16)
A. specific B. permanent
C. abstract D. universal
【解析】 A。句意:在文章中,你需要用具體的例子來支持總的觀點。A. 具體的,明確的;B. 永久的;C. 抽象的;D. 全球的,共通的。故選A。
5. though
【點撥】 though adv. 常用于句末或置于句中(要用逗號與句子隔開)作補充說明,以及一種附加或修正,意為“可是、然而,不過;話雖這樣說”(注意:作副詞時,不可放在句首)。
Ive a bit of a cold. Its nothing much, though. 我有點感冒,不過并不嚴重。
【拓展】 though最常見的為從屬連詞,意為“盡管,雖然,即使”,等于although,主句前不能再用but。
The article is very important though it is short. 那篇文章雖短,但很重要。
【高考真題回放】 If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people you figure it out.(2017北京28)
A. because B. though
C. until D. since
【解析】 C。句意:如果你無法理解某個東西,你可能會研究,學習和他人探討直到你解決為止。根據(jù)句意可知選C。
6. cater to
【點撥】 cater to 迎合;為……服務
We are going to cater to your every desire. 對于你,我們會有求必應的。
【拓展】 cater for sb. / sth. 為……提供服務;滿足……的要求
He set up a company that caters more for the elderly. 他建立了一個為老年人提供更多服務的公司。
【高考真題回放】? The university started some new language programs to the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.(2015江蘇27)
A. apply to B. cater for
C. appeal to D. hunt for
【解析】 B。句意:這所大學啟動了一項新的語言項目,為國家絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶提供服務。A. 向……申請,適用于……;B. 迎合,滿足……的需要,為……提供服務;C. 對……有吸引力,呼吁;D. 獵取,尋找。故選B。
7. accountant
【點撥】 accountant n. 會計,會計師;accountancy n. 會計工作
【拓展】 account vt. 說明,解釋,報告;n. 解釋,說明,賬戶;敘述,報道。常用短語:account for解釋,說明是……原因;on account of因為,由于;take... into account對……加以考慮;in account with與……有賬務往來;open a bank account開銀行賬戶
【高考真題回放】 It is said that body language 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. (2015福建25)
A. lies in B. accounts for
C. consists of D. goes with
【解析】 B。該句意思為:據(jù)說身體語言占了第一印象的百分之五十五,而你所說的話只占百分之七。A. lies in 在于;B. accounts for說明、引起;C. consists of包括;D. goes with相伴。故選B。
8. face
【點撥】 face v. 面對;面向,后面接人或表示困難、形勢、問題等的抽象名詞作賓語;vi. 多用來指房屋的朝向。
The two candidates will face a fight in the coming election.在即將到來的選舉中,兩位候選人將面臨一場惡戰(zhàn)。
Most houses face south.大多數(shù)房子朝南。
n. 臉,面孔;面貌,表情,如:a smiling face笑臉;with a smile on ones face面帶笑容地
【拓展】 由face構(gòu)成的常用短語:hide ones face from不理睬;in face of day在光天化日之下;face up to勇敢地對付;be faced with面對,面臨;in (the) face of面對;在……面前;face to face面對面(作狀語用);facetoface面對面(作定語用);look sb. in the face直視某人;make a face或者make faces做鬼臉
【考題鏈接】, the students remain optimistic and try hard to achieve their goals.
A. As they are faced with fierce pressure
B. Fierce pressure that they are faced with
C. Fierce as they are faced with pressure
D. Faced with fierce pressure as they are
參考答案:D。
9. rob
【點撥】 rob v. 搶劫;掠奪;非法剝奪;使喪失,其賓語常為被搶劫的對象。要表達“搶劫某人某物”,用短語rob sb. of sth.。
The old lady was robbed of all her money. 老太太被搶去所有錢。
The shock robbed him of speech. 他震驚得說不出話來。
【拓展】 rob, cheat和steal辨析:rob sb. of sth. 搶劫某人的東西;cheat sb.(out)of sth. 騙某人的東西;cheat sb. into sth. / doing 騙某人做某事;steal sth. from sb. 從某人處偷走某物
He cheated me out of all my possessions. 他騙走了我所有財物。
Someone stole my cellphone from my bag. 有人從包里偷走了我的手機。
【考題鏈接】 Jane told the policeman that her gold necklace.
A. was stolen of
B. was robbed from
C. had been stolen from
D. had been robbed of
參考答案:D。
10. This collision of cultures between Europeans and the Romany led to many nations taking actions against them, even banning Romany groups from entering.(P31,L39) 歐洲人和羅姆人的這一文化沖突導致許多國家都采取措施抵制他們,甚至禁止羅姆族群入境。
【點撥】 many nations taking actions against them 為動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu),many nations 為taking actions against them 的動作執(zhí)行者。在動名詞前面加上物主代詞或名詞所有格,作為動名詞所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者,這種形式稱為“動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)”,在句子中多做主語或賓語。
Marys laughing made him angry. 瑪麗的嘲笑使他生氣。
Do you mind my opening the door? 你介意我把門打開嗎?
【拓展】 在現(xiàn)代英語中,動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)在做賓語時,可用人稱代詞賓格代替物主代詞,用名詞通格代替名詞所有格。
He was awakened by someone knocking at the door.有人敲門,他醒了。
There is no need for that being done. 沒有必要做那件事。
【考題鏈接】 1) I would appreciate back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you call
C. your calling D. youre calling
2) I can imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail B. to sail
C. sailing D. to have sailed
參考答案:1) C; 2) C。
11. The topic of the Romany will continue to be controversial, and the peace between them and many Europeans is tentative at best.(P31,L54)有關(guān)羅姆人的話題將會繼續(xù)引發(fā)爭議,羅姆人和大多數(shù)歐洲人之間的和平充其量只是暫時的。
【點撥】 1) controversial adj. 有爭議的,引發(fā)爭議的,如:a highly controversial subject / figure / speech頗有爭議的題目/人物/演說;controversy n.爭論,辯論
2) at best 至多;充其量,如:He is at best a secondrate writer. 他充其量是個二流作家。
【高考真題回放】 We offer an excellent education to our students., we expect students to work hard.(2017天津13)
A. On average B. At best
C. In return D. After all
【解析】 C。句意:我們給我們的學生們提供極好的教育,作為回報,我們期待我們的學生們努力學習。A. 平均起來,一般說來;B. 最多,充其量;C. 作為回報;D. 畢竟,終究。根據(jù)句意選C。
(作者:吳濤,南京市第三高級中學)