俞烜華 黃惠娟
[摘要]目的 探討D-二聚體(DD)、纖維蛋白原(FIB)、纖維蛋白(原)降解產(chǎn)物(FDP)在強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎(AS)中的臨床意義。方法 選取2014年6月~2018年12月我院收治的60例AS患者及67例健康體檢人群作為研究對象,比較其血漿DD、FIB及FDP水平,分析其與C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、紅細(xì)胞沉降率(ESR)、血小板(PLT)及AS疾病活動指數(shù)評分(BASDAI)、AS功能指數(shù)評分(BASFI)的關(guān)系;同時將AS患者分為疾病活動組(BASDAI≥4分)和疾病緩解組(BASDAI<4分),比較分析兩組患者的年齡、病程、DD、FIB、FDP、CRP、ESR、PLT、BASFI水平。結(jié)果 ①AS患者血漿DD、FIB、FDP水平高于健康對照者(P<0.05)。②AS疾病活動組患者的DD、FIB、FDP、ESR、BASFI高于疾病緩解組(P<0.05);AS疾病活動組患者的病程長于疾病緩解組(P<0.05);兩組患者的年齡、CRP、PLT比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。③AS患者血漿DD、FIB、FDP水平與ESR、CRP、BASDAI、BASFI均成正相關(guān)(ρ=0.473、0.449、0.424、0.409,0.827、0.750、0.442、0.391,0.545、0.622、0.544、0.373;P<0.05)。④AS患者FDP與年齡成正相關(guān)(ρ=0.308,P<0.05),DD、FIB與年齡無相關(guān)性(P>0.05),DD、FIB、FDP與病程均無相關(guān)性(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 AS患者,尤其在疾病活動期凝血-纖溶系統(tǒng)異常,與AS心血管損害、病程、疾病活動指標(biāo)及功能指數(shù)相關(guān),DD、FIB、FDP可作為評價AS疾病活動、功能的指標(biāo)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]D-二聚體;纖維蛋白原;纖維蛋白(原)降解產(chǎn)物;脊柱炎;強(qiáng)直性
[中圖分類號] R593.2 ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721(2019)9(b)-0011-05
Clinical significance of D-dimer, fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products in ankylosing spondylitis
YU Xuan-hua1? ?HUANG Hui-juan2
1. Department of Rheumatology, People′s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Province, Fuzhou? ?350004, China; 2. Department of Preventive Treatment of Disease, People′s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Province, Fuzhou? ?350004, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical significance of D-dimer (DD), fibrinogen (FIB) and fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods A total of 60 AS patients and 67 healthy people admitted to our hospital from June 2014 to December 2018 were selected as the subjects. The plasma levels of DD, FIB and FDP of them were compared and analyzed. The relationship between plasma levels of DD, FIB and FDP and C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), platelet (PLT), bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) and bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI) were analyzed. At the same time, AS patients were divided into disease active group (BASDAI≥4 points) and disease remission group (BASDAI<4 points). The levels of age and course of disease, DD, FIB, FDP, CRP, ESR, PLT, BASFI were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results ① The plasma levels of DD, FIB and FDP in AS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (P<0.05). ②The levels of DD, FIB, FDP, ESR and BASFI in AS disease active group were significantly higher than those in remission group (P<0.05). The course of disease in AS disease active group was longer than that in remission groupin AS disease active group were significantly higher than those in remission group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in age, CRP and PLT between the two groups (P>0.05). ③ The levels of plasma DD, FIB and FDP in AS patients were positively correlated with ESR, CRP, BASFI and BASDAI (ρ=0.473, 0.449, 0.424, 0.409, 0.827, 0.750, 0.442, 0.391, 0.545, 0.622, 0.544, 0.373; P<0.05). ④ FDP was positively correlated with age in AS patients (ρ=0.308, P<0.05). There was no correlation between DD, FIB and age in AS patients (P>0.05), and there was no correlation between DD, FIB, FDP and course of disease either (P>0.05). Conclusion In AS patients, especially in active stage, coagulation-fibrinolysis system is abnormal, which are related to the cardiovascular damage, course of AS, disease activity index and function index. DD, FIB and FDP may be used as indicators to evaluate the activity, function of AS.
[Key words] D-dimer; Fibrinogen; Fibrinogen degradation product; Spondylitis; Ankylosing
強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)是一種主要累及中軸關(guān)節(jié)的慢性炎癥性疾病,屬于脊柱關(guān)節(jié)炎(spinal arthritis,SpA)。相關(guān)研究顯示,AS患者心臟受累的患病率高達(dá)46.56%[1],常見的表現(xiàn)有主動脈炎、主動脈瓣關(guān)閉不全及房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯[2]。D-二聚體(D-dime,DD)是交聯(lián)纖維蛋白經(jīng)纖溶酶水解作用所產(chǎn)生的一種特異性纖維蛋白降解產(chǎn)物[3]。纖維蛋白原(fibrinogen,F(xiàn)IB)介導(dǎo)血小板聚集,參與凝血過程,影響血液黏度,對血栓的形成具有重要意義,也是心血管病發(fā)生的重要危險因素[4]。纖維蛋白(原)降解產(chǎn)物(fibrinogen degradation product,F(xiàn)DP)是在纖溶酶的作用下,血液中的纖維蛋白/纖維蛋白原被溶解所產(chǎn)生的各種降解產(chǎn)物的總稱[5]。文獻(xiàn)報道類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)、系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)患者體內(nèi)均有凝血-纖溶系統(tǒng)異常,凝血-纖溶指標(biāo)DD、FIB、FDP參與RA、SLE病理過程并與病情活動、心血管事件的發(fā)生相關(guān)[6-8]。相關(guān)研究顯示,SpA患者的DD、FIB水平升高,與疾病活動度相關(guān)[9]。凝血-纖溶系統(tǒng)異常及指標(biāo)在AS中的臨床意義目前研究報道少見。本研究通過檢測我院60例AS患者及67例健康對照者的DD、FIB、FDP水平,探討其與C反應(yīng)蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、紅細(xì)胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、血小板(platelet,PLT)及AS疾病活動指數(shù)評分(bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index,BASDAI)、AS功能指數(shù)評分(bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index,BASFI)等指標(biāo)的關(guān)系,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2014年6月~2018年12月我院收治的60例AS患者,其中男39例,女21例;年齡27~76歲,平均(47.57±13.70)歲;病程M=5年,P25~P75(3.00~10.38)年。所有AS患者按BASDAI[10]、BASFI[11]評分表評分進(jìn)行分組:①疾病活動組(BASDAI≥4)28例,其中男18例,女10例;年齡(50.18±12.06)歲;病程M=10年,P25~P75(4.25~20.00)年。②疾病緩解組(BASDAI<4)32例,其中男21例,女11例;年齡(45.28±14.80)歲;病程M=5年,P25~P75(2.13~10.00)年。兩組患者的一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。另隨機(jī)選取同期于我院體檢的健康人群67例作為對照,其中男44例,女23例;年齡28~68歲,平均(50.31±8.58)歲。健康對照者的年齡、性別等一般資料與AS患者比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究得到我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),AS患者及健康對照者均簽署知情同意書。
1.2納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):診斷均符合1984年修訂的AS紐約分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2]。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并RA、SLE等自身免疫性疾病者;②合并腫瘤者;③1個月內(nèi)使用過抗凝溶栓類藥物,合并動靜脈血栓性疾病者;④6個月內(nèi)有手術(shù)、外傷史者;⑤肝、腎功能異常者。
1.3方法
按照所測項(xiàng)目要求采集入組AS患者及健康對照者的空腹靜脈血,留取全血,離心分離血漿,留取血清標(biāo)本,所有項(xiàng)目均即時檢測。
1.3.1實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器? DD、FIB、FDP采用日本希森美康CS 5100血凝儀檢測;CRP采用美國貝克曼-庫爾特(BECKMAN COULTER)IMMAGE 800儀器檢測;ESR采用意大利vital Diagnotincs血沉儀MONITOR20檢測。
1.3.2實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑? DD、FIB試劑廠家為日本西門子公司(SIEMENS);FDP試劑為日本BIOLINKS CO、LTD,CRP試劑為BECKMAN COULTER。
1.3.3實(shí)驗(yàn)方法? 檢測DD、FDP、CRP的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法為免疫比濁法;FIB為凝固法。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 25統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);偏態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料,采用中位數(shù)(M)、四分位間距(P25~P75)表示,兩組間比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)分析采用Spearman相關(guān)分析(相關(guān)系數(shù)ρ),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1 AS患者與健康對照者血漿DD、FIB、FDP水平的比較
AS患者的血漿DD、FIB、FDP水平高于健康對照者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表l)。
2.2兩組AS患者DD、FIB、FDP、年齡、病程、ESR、CRP、PLT及BASFI的比較
AS疾病活動組患者的血漿DD、FIB、FDP、ESR、BASFI高于疾病緩解組(P<0.05);AS疾病活動組患者的病程長于疾病緩解組(P<0.05);兩組AS患者的年齡、CRP、PLT比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表2)。
2.3 AS患者血漿DD、FIB、FDP與AS疾病活動、功能指數(shù)的相關(guān)性
綜上所述,AS患者存在凝血-纖溶系統(tǒng)指標(biāo)異常,尤其是病程早、疾病活動時高凝狀態(tài),可能有微血栓形成及繼發(fā)纖溶亢進(jìn),可能是AS易導(dǎo)致心血管損害的因素。病程長的AS患者更易出現(xiàn)疾病活動,DD、FIB、FDP與AS病情活動、功能指數(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)相關(guān)。
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(收稿日期:2019-04-16? 本文編輯:閆? 佩)