張璠璠 李華茵 蔡映云 呂遷洲 葉曉芬
摘 要 1例52歲的腎移植術(shù)后男性患者因“肺隱球菌病”入住呼吸科病房?;颊唛L期服用他克莫司、嗎替麥考酚酯和甲潑尼龍抗排異治療。在對患者給予氟康唑抗真菌治療時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),其他克莫司血藥濃度明顯升高。對此,臨床藥師提議,由于聯(lián)用他克莫司和氟康唑治療會使他克莫司血藥濃度升高,故需調(diào)整他克莫司治療的劑量方案并監(jiān)測他克莫司血藥谷濃度,而氟康唑治療的劑量方案不應(yīng)調(diào)整。提議獲采納后,患者的他克莫司血藥谷濃度和真菌感染均得到良好的控制。
關(guān)鍵詞 他克莫司 氟康唑 藥物相互作用
中圖分類號:R979.5; R969.2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:C 文章編號:1006-1533(2019)15-0082-03
Medical monitoring of the participation of clinical pharmacists in a patient with the increased blood concentration of tacrolimus caused by fluconazole
ZHANG Fanfan1, 2*, LI Huayin3, CAI Yingyun4, LYU Qianzhou4, YE Xiaofen4**
(1. Department of Pharmacy, the Central Hospital of Luohe City, Henan Luohe 462000, China; 2. the Clinical Pharmacist Training Base, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; 3. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; 4. Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)
ABSTRACT A 52-year-old man with kidney transplantation was hospitalized in the respiratory ward due to “pulmonary cryptococcosis”. The patient was treated with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and methylprednisolone for anti-rejection therapy. When antifungal treatment with fluconazole was given to the patient, it was found that the blood concentration of tacrolimus was significantly increased. Clinical pharmacists proposed that the dosage regimen for tacrolimus treatment should be adjusted and tacrolimus blood concentration should be monitored while the dose regimen for fluconazole treatment should not be adjusted because the combination of tacrolimus and fluconazole would increase the blood concentration of tacrolimus. This recommendation was accepted by clinicians and the valley concentration of tacrolimus and fungal infection were well controlled.
KEy WORDS tacrolimus; fluconazole; drug interaction
腎移植術(shù)后需使用免疫抑制劑抗排異治療,但免疫抑制治療會降低患者的免疫功能,使之容易繼發(fā)感染。腎移植術(shù)后患者的感染發(fā)病率為正常人的2倍,最常見的是肺部感染,其中合并真菌感染的約占20%。他克莫司是目前臨床上器官移植術(shù)后抗排異治療的一線用藥,主要經(jīng)肝臟CYP3A4和CYP3A5代謝,治療窗窄,個(gè)體差異大,血藥濃度易受患者的生理和病理狀態(tài)、飲食、合并用藥等多種因素的影響[1],使用時(shí)須監(jiān)測血藥濃度。三唑類抗真菌藥物是抗真菌治療的一線用藥,如氟康唑、伊曲康唑和伏立康唑等,它們會抑制細(xì)胞色素P450酶系,從而升高他克莫司的血藥濃度,導(dǎo)致不良反應(yīng)增加。本文通過分析1例腎移植術(shù)后患者在使用氟康唑抗真菌感染治療過程中對他克莫司血藥濃度的影響,研究兩藥的相互作用情況,希望能為此類患者的藥物治療及藥學(xué)監(jiān)護(hù)提供參考。
1 病例簡況
一患者,男性,52歲,身高168 cm,體重62 kg。腎移植術(shù)后22個(gè)月,長期服用他克莫司、嗎替麥考酚酯和甲潑尼龍抗排異治療,他克莫司的血藥谷濃度被維持在目標(biāo)范圍內(nèi)并控制平穩(wěn)。目前用藥方案為他克莫司1 mg qd、嗎替麥考酚酯500 mg qd和甲潑尼龍4 mg qd。
2個(gè)月前,常規(guī)隨訪胸部CT檢查提示,患者右肺上葉和左肺下葉小結(jié)節(jié)。經(jīng)驗(yàn)性給予口服莫西沙星治療,卻見患者右肺上葉病灶反而較前增大、衛(wèi)星灶增多,左肺下葉病灶則與前相仿。遂行CT導(dǎo)引下的右上肺結(jié)節(jié)穿刺活檢,病理學(xué)檢查結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),肉芽腫性病變、大量組織細(xì)胞內(nèi)折光小球結(jié)構(gòu)且六胺銀、糖原染色均呈陽性,符合隱球菌感染伴大片凝固性壞死,診斷為肺隱球菌病。給予口服氟康唑400 mg qd治療,但患者4 d后自行停藥。停藥2 d后,為對患者進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步診治,收入病房。