水上巴士巧遇童聲杭州話

● 余雯雯 俞曉冬

讓杜沅熹現(xiàn)場(chǎng)說(shuō)說(shuō)自己最拿手的杭州話，他選了一段介紹杭州的小熱昏《杭州好地方》。這是他參加這次比賽的才藝展示，近兩分鐘的詞稿居然一口氣順暢地說(shuō)了下來(lái)。杜沅熹說(shuō)，這還不算很難的，上次參加首屆“小伢兒說(shuō)杭州話”四六級(jí)挑戰(zhàn)賽，他還專門用杭州話配音《小豬佩奇》，難度更大。

“各位乘客，前頭將要?？课淞珠T站，要來(lái)東這里落船的乘客請(qǐng)做好準(zhǔn)備，落船的時(shí)光嫑忘記自己的隨身物品。”

開學(xué)就上三年級(jí)的杜沅熹和馮妙菡大概沒想到，2019年的這個(gè)暑假，他們因?yàn)闀?huì)說(shuō)杭州話火了。

今年8月開始，杭州水上公交1號(hào)線試行“三語(yǔ)報(bào)站”，這是杭州目前唯一一條“三語(yǔ)播報(bào)”的水上公交線路——在原來(lái)普通話、英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)上加上杭州方言報(bào)站，即播報(bào)采用一遍普通話、一遍英文報(bào)站，外加一遍杭州話的形式。

為了尋找合適的童聲播報(bào)員，杭州市水上公共觀光巴士有限公司今年特地舉行了一場(chǎng)“水上巴士杭州話好聲音”海選活動(dòng)，來(lái)自杭州時(shí)代小學(xué)的杜沅熹和杭州賣魚橋小學(xué)教育集團(tuán)（文瀾校區(qū)）的馮妙菡經(jīng)過(guò)層層篩選，歷經(jīng)自我介紹、才藝表演到模擬報(bào)站各種考驗(yàn)，最終被選為播報(bào)員。

馮妙菡。 A recent photo of Feng Miaohan

杭州伢兒就得講杭州話

瞇瞇眼的杜沅熹特別有喜感，他一點(diǎn)都不怕生，見面不到幾分鐘，就湊到我們旁邊，隔一會(huì)兒會(huì)冒出很多的問(wèn)題來(lái)把你逗樂。辦公室里在座的大人都說(shuō)，不喜歡他很難。問(wèn)他喜不喜歡說(shuō)杭州話，他脫口而出說(shuō)“歡喜的”，還會(huì)告訴你，他的理想是當(dāng)一名相聲演員。還別說(shuō)，小圓帽一戴，紅色中式外套一穿，杭州話一出口，還真有點(diǎn)相聲演員的樣子。

說(shuō)起孩子講杭州話，杜沅熹的媽媽李赟頗為自豪：“杭州話就是他的母語(yǔ)，不是特意學(xué)的，而是從嬰幼會(huì)說(shuō)話時(shí)開始講的就是杭州話，這是一種深入骨髓的東西?！?/p>

瞇瞇眼的杜沅熹特別有喜感。Duan Yuanxi, a boy who smiles a lot

杜沅熹領(lǐng)過(guò)水上巴士公司頒發(fā)的獎(jiǎng)狀。Du Yuanxi receives a winner certificate from the river transit company and a certificate for lifelong free ride of riverboats.

杜沅熹在給水上巴士錄制杭州話播報(bào)。Du Yuanxi records his stop announcement in the Hangzhou dialect at a studio for the river transit system.

杜沅熹的全家人都有一個(gè)共識(shí)，就是在家全部講杭州話，希望孩子能把杭州話傳承下去，“我覺得語(yǔ)言就是一種文化?，F(xiàn)在大部分的杭州孩子，都是會(huì)聽，但不會(huì)說(shuō)或者說(shuō)得不太準(zhǔn)確。我們堅(jiān)持讓孩子說(shuō)杭州話，就是希望這個(gè)語(yǔ)言文化不要丟失?！眿寢尷钰S對(duì)語(yǔ)言和文化都很重視，讓孩子說(shuō)杭州話也是她很堅(jiān)持的事情，“說(shuō)杭州話，和我們學(xué)英語(yǔ)一樣，它需要語(yǔ)境和氛圍讓孩子用杭州話去表達(dá)。平時(shí)在學(xué)校沒條件，在家，我們就要把他的杭州話‘頻道’調(diào)回來(lái)。”

其實(shí)，杜沅熹會(huì)說(shuō)杭州話，在生活和學(xué)習(xí)中還真是“加分”不少。幼兒園里，他憑“愛說(shuō)杭州話”在學(xué)校是出了名的。老師們都知道，那個(gè)很愛講杭州話的小伢兒（杭州方言，即小孩子）就是他，讓他一下子人氣“爆表”，膽子也慢慢變大了。有次演出，杜沅熹本來(lái)是演一個(gè)沒幾句話的農(nóng)夫配角，老師說(shuō)，你既然杭州話說(shuō)得很溜，就干脆說(shuō)杭州話吧，沒想到“一說(shuō)成名”。

杭州話和杭州普通話不一樣

同樣的，馮妙菡在家也是杭州話一直“在線”。

媽媽李雪瓊非常支持她說(shuō)杭州話：“孩子小時(shí)候杭州話很溜的，可上幼兒園以后，大部分同學(xué)和老師都說(shuō)普通話，就慢慢被‘帶走’了。那時(shí)候就覺得很可惜，我們一大家子人都是老杭州，全部說(shuō)杭州話，不希望到女兒這里把杭州話丟了?！庇谑牵M(jìn)了小學(xué)后，媽媽看到學(xué)校有開設(shè)“杭州童謠”的社團(tuán)，就讓孩子去了，“一方面是希望她性格更開朗，另外是希望她把杭州話學(xué)好?！?/p>

一周一次課，馮妙菡比以前膽子大了很多，也自信了很多。語(yǔ)言就是有這樣的魅力，能迅速拉近你和他人之間的距離。

穿了一身漢服的馮妙菡長(zhǎng)得很清秀，眨巴眨巴大眼睛，用杭州話應(yīng)和著說(shuō)，自己現(xiàn)在介紹杭州十景以及唱老杭州的“阿六頭之歌”都很厲害了。

這時(shí)候馮妙菡的外婆笑了：“她說(shuō)著說(shuō)著就會(huì)把杭普話‘搬’進(jìn)來(lái)，在家經(jīng)常鬧笑話。我們大家都是先笑一通，然后給她糾正。像玉米，老底子杭州話叫‘尼叟’，她以前都直接說(shuō)成玉米，我就跟她說(shuō)這個(gè)是錯(cuò)的。”

點(diǎn)贊方言報(bào)站，傳播杭州文化

讓杜沅熹現(xiàn)場(chǎng)說(shuō)說(shuō)自己最拿手的杭州話，他選了一段介紹杭州的小熱昏（注：杭州的一種曲藝門類）《杭州好地方》。這是他參加這次比賽的才藝展示，近兩分鐘的詞稿居然一口氣順暢地說(shuō)下來(lái)。杜沅熹說(shuō)，這還不算很難的，上次他參加首屆“小伢兒說(shuō)杭州話”四六級(jí)挑戰(zhàn)賽，自己還專門用杭州話配音《小豬佩奇》，難度更大。

別看表演很溜，其實(shí)背后的付出也是很大的。每次去表演，或者去參加比賽，準(zhǔn)備工作基本上是全家總動(dòng)員，媽媽和爸爸每次都做好功課，寫個(gè)杭州話版本的臺(tái)本來(lái)教孩子。

就像這次為水上巴士播報(bào)站，他們也是拿到普通話版本后，媽媽和爸爸在家研究如何表述會(huì)比較好，寫了一個(gè)版本請(qǐng)專業(yè)老師審核把關(guān)，然后再教孩子用杭州話讀出正確的發(fā)音。如何更好地表述，媽媽李赟也有一番考量：“因?yàn)閳?bào)站是屬于比較正式的，不太能隨意發(fā)揮，所以文字還是比較尊重普通話版本的。不過(guò)，從普通話翻譯到杭州話，里面的文字還蠻好玩的，比如‘不要’，杭州話里面，就一個(gè)‘嫑’字，乘坐就是一個(gè)‘乘’，還有像‘來(lái)東’‘前頭’‘落船’，都是大家一聽就知道是杭州話的表述?！?/p>

馮妙菡說(shuō)，她在做錄音準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)候，都是用拼音標(biāo)注發(fā)音的，比如，“謝謝支持”，她就標(biāo)成“jiajia zizi”，其中濮家站的“濮”字，全家人還一起討論了一番，“我一開始說(shuō)錯(cuò)了，其實(shí)是讀‘白’（諧音），我直接按照普通話讀pu，后面才知道是錯(cuò)的?！?/p>

馮妙菡參加比賽。Feng Miaohan performs at the dialect competition in Hangzhou.

杭州話版本的報(bào)站推出近半月，杭州市水上公共觀光巴士有限公司后臺(tái)反饋的好評(píng)率一直不錯(cuò)，特別是很多老杭州人點(diǎn)了贊。

杭州的沈大姐每天乘坐水上巴士公交從拱宸橋到武林門碼頭，第一天乘坐，就在自己的朋友圈里發(fā)了消息，點(diǎn)贊的特別多?！懊l(fā)靨類！”沈大姐一聊起這個(gè)話題就很興奮，她覺得最好玩的就是找了小孩子來(lái)播報(bào)，“小伢兒一本正經(jīng)播報(bào)，我聽一遍笑一遍，太好玩了。我回去就跟我6歲的孫子說(shuō)了，跟我好好學(xué)杭州話，下次也來(lái)當(dāng)播報(bào)員?！?/p>

“語(yǔ)言可以說(shuō)是地理文化的紐帶，有著不可替代的價(jià)值?！焙贾菔兴瞎灿^光巴士有限公司副總經(jīng)理金之江透露，水上巴士公交的乘客，有30%是杭州本地人，70%是游客，“可以說(shuō)，這里也是一個(gè)傳播杭州文化的窗口。今年在杭州水上巴士公交15周年之際，推出‘杭州話’版本的報(bào)站，既是宣傳杭州文化，也是保護(hù)杭州文化?！?/p>

“我們找小朋友來(lái)錄制，是覺得孩子的播報(bào)更有親和力，聲音一出來(lái)就很有親切感，大家都能接受，聽著也好玩?！?/p>

金之江介紹，杭州水上巴士公交共有4條線路，目前推出杭州話報(bào)站的，是水上公交1號(hào)線的四條船舶，分別是西溪號(hào)、西湖號(hào)、運(yùn)河號(hào)、錢江號(hào)。接下來(lái)，如果反饋都還不錯(cuò)，他們還考慮繼續(xù)把這個(gè)報(bào)站推到其他線路上去。

Hangzhou Dialect in Stop Announcement on River Transit

By Yu Wenwen, Yu Xiaodong

In August 2019, the sightseeing boats that shuttle between the Wulin Gate and the Gongchen Bridge in the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal of China adopted a stop announcement in Hangzhou dialect. Before, the sightseeing boats gave information on the stops of the route through a prerecorded Chinese-English announcement routine. Now, the information is broadcast in the Putonghua,English and Hangzhou dialect.

The dialect version is delivered in the voices of Du Yuanxi, a preteen boy from Shidai Primary School and Feng Miaohan, a preteen girl from Maiyuqiao Primary School. The boy and the girl will become third graders after the summer vacation I 2019.

運(yùn)河水上巴士。A canal water bus cruises on the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal of China.

The Hangzhou dialect announcement is designed to enhance the local culture and add an unusual touch to the charms of the Grand Canal section in Hangzhou, which served as the southern departure point of the Grand Canal for north-bound ships that carried cereals and other necessities for more than ten centuries.The adoption of the dialect announcement is the city's latest move to keep the dialect alive as most children living in Hangzhou don't speak the dialect at all. The modernization drive of the past four decades has brought a lot of prominent changes to the whole country. One change, though not seemingly so tangible, is that most children in cities grow up speaking Putonghua, the official language, at home and in school, for not speaking Putonghua well would give them a disadvantage in school, let alone in the distant future when they become adults. For this and many other reasons,dialects are phasing out to varying degrees. Some linguists are worried that some dialects are doomed to vanish. To turn the trend around or slow it at least, some people are doing their best to keep their dialects alive.

Du and Feng come from families in Hangzhou which work hard to keep Hangzhou dialect alive at home.

Li Yun, Du's mother, says that the dialect is the boy's mother tongue. The dialect is spoken at home and it runs in his heart and soul. The family consensus was reached even before the baby boy came into the world. While most of his contemporaries spoke Putonghua at home, the first words Du learned to speak were in the local dialect. All the family members speak the dialect at home and they want the boy to carry on the beautiful dialect, which the family considers a cultural treasure. Though the boy speaks Putonghua in school, he switches back to the dialect as soon as he is home. In fact, speaking the Hangzhou dialect made him popular at the kindergarten. All the teachers in the kindergarten knew him as a cute boy how loved to speak the dialect. He rose to fame overnight in a show at the kindergarten. When he was given a small role with a few lines, the teachers advised him to show off his dialect prowess.Du was the brightest star at the show.

Feng Miaohan grew up speaking the dialect at home as the dialect has run in the family for generations. However, the girl somehow lost a touch or two in speaking the dialect as all the teachers and most of her friends at the kindergarten spoke Putonghua. This worried her parents a great deal. When she graduated to the primary school, her parents signed her up to take a course in learning to speak nursery rhymes in Hangzhou dialect. They hoped that such an after-class undertaking could enable the girl to speak the dialect better and make more friends. The family is eager to coach the girl in saying things correctly in the dialect.

Du and Feng were winners of a public competition organized by the city's public transit authorities that operates the sightseeing boats on the canal. The competition was fierce. Du and Feng was picked simply because they perfectly demonstrated an unsurpassed proficiency in speaking the dialect among their contemporaries. Du and Feng recited some pieces made famous among the local population by celebrated personalities in Hangzhou who are dedicated to promoting the Hangzhou dialect. Aliutou's News Report, a 30-minute evening news program on Hangzhou Television since 2004,officially started the movement of keeping the dialect alive and enhanced the public awareness of the dialect. The pieces the boy and the girl recited at the competition came from some celebrities who regularly host the TV news report program.

The boy and the girl got help from their parents and other relatives in preparing for the competition. After the competition, the preteens also received numerous tips from their parents in figuring out how to adapt the official text in Putonghua to a version in the dialect for the stop announcement.

Since the dialect announcement premiered in August 2019, local residents and tourists have responded warmly. In particular, those locals who still speak the dialect in their everyday life like the announcement and find the voices of the two children cute. “Thirty percent of our passengers are locals and the rest are tourists from beyond Hangzhou,” observes Jin Zhijiang, a manager with the sightseeing transit system. “The boats are a public window on the local culture. This year marks the 15th anniversary of the launching of the canal transit system in the city. The announcement in the Hangzhou dialect promotes and preserves the dialect.”

According to Jin, four boats on the canal section now use the dialect announcement. The company is thinking of using similar dialect announcements for other transit routes operated by the company.