劇院建筑

編譯：季嘉葵

英國劇場技師協(xié)會(Association of British Theatre Technicians，簡稱 ABTT，成立于1961年)于1972年制作了第一部劇院設(shè)計和規(guī)劃指南。在1986年修訂后，成為任何涉及劇院建筑、裝修或者創(chuàng)造一個表現(xiàn)空間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考。2010年由該組織出版、朱迪思·斯特朗（Judith Strong）編輯的《劇院建筑設(shè)計指南》（Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide）一書，是其繼承者。

這本書使讀者了解了劇院的規(guī)劃和設(shè)計的全過程。它在建筑物的每一個區(qū)域都有詳細的注解，包括房子前面、禮堂、后臺和行政辦公區(qū)域。它聚焦于一些具體的指導(dǎo)，比如音響、舞臺工程、燈光、聲音和視頻，禮堂和舞臺的尺寸等等。餐飲、會議和教育使用等方面也包括在內(nèi)。書中涵蓋了28座劇院的案例，《歌劇》雜志將編譯其中精彩的個案，與業(yè)界共同分享。

劇院建筑設(shè)計指南之特拉法加工作室

Trafalgar Studios from Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide

英國倫敦

London, UK

在英國倫敦白廳街20世紀30年代的舊有劇院中（列為二級），以低成本創(chuàng)建了兩個工作室劇院，既為歷史悠久的劇院建筑提供了新的生命，也為倫敦市中心提供了新的演出場地。盡管原先的劇院因其內(nèi)飾裝修的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格及質(zhì)量備受認同，但其發(fā)展因規(guī)模過?。▋H有650個座位，且舞臺深度有限）和位于倫敦特拉法加廣場“錯誤一側(cè)”的位置而受到阻礙，無法在西區(qū)劇院商業(yè)模式的競爭中獲得成功，最終于2003年關(guān)閉。

Two studio theatres have been created at low cost within the former 1930s Whitehall Theatre (listed

概 要

劇院類型和運營形式

購買的劇場，由大使劇院集團擁有和經(jīng)營。

地址和網(wǎng)站

威斯敏斯特，英國倫敦。

www.trafalgar-studios.co.uk

建造年代

原劇院建于1930年。2004年至2005年改建為設(shè)有兩個工作室的劇場。

觀眾席

兩個觀眾廳，較大的有380座，較小的有100座。

舞臺

第一工作室：原舞臺為10米×5米；舞臺前臺口為3.5米×7米；第二工作室：4米×6米。

建筑師

愛德華·A.斯通（1930年）。蒂姆·福斯特建筑師事務(wù)所，以及杰奎斯·繆爾合作事務(wù)所，英國倫敦（2004年至2005年）。

劇院（設(shè)計和技術(shù)）顧問

蒂姆·福斯特建筑師事務(wù)所（設(shè)計）；霍華德·伊頓照明有限公司（第一工作室電氣）；白光有限公司（第二工作室電氣）。

聲學(xué)顧問

保羅·吉列倫聲學(xué)設(shè)計公司，英國倫敦。

造價

2004年至2005年的改建費為80萬英鎊。Grade II), providing a new lease of life for a historic theatre building and new style of venue for central London. Though recognized for the quality of its art deco interior, the original theatre was hampered both by its size (seating just 650 with restricted stage depth) and by its position on the ‘wrong side’ of London’s Trafalgar Square. It finally closed in 2003 having proved unable to compete successfully within the West End commercial theatre market.

左：第二工作室 上：第一工作室

該建筑于次年初重新開放。劇院改名為“特拉法加工作室”，設(shè)有兩個工作室劇場：一個較大的空間可容納380座，稍小的空間設(shè)有100座。稍大的劇場旨在創(chuàng)建一個開放式的可變舞臺，為皇家莎

Summary

Theatre type and operational format

Receiving theatre, owned and operated by the Ambassadors Theatre Group.

Location and web reference

Westminster, London, UK.

www.trafalgar-studios.co.uk

Building dates

Original theatre built in 1930. Converted to provide two studio spaces in 2004 to 2005.

Auditorium

Two auditoria, the larger seating 380 and the smaller seating 100.

Stages

Studio 1: Original stage: 10m × 5m. Apron stage forward of proscenium: 3.5m × 7m.Studio 2: 4m × 6m.

Architect

Edward A. Stone (1930). Tim Foster Architects, London, UK, and Jaques Muir and Partners, London, UK (2004 to 2005).

Theatre (design and technical) consultants

Tim Foster Architects (design); Howard Eaton Lighting Ltd (Studio 1 - electrical); White Light Ltd (Studio 2 - electrical).

Acoustic consultants

Paul Gillieron Acoustic Design, London, UK.

Building cost

2004 to 2005 conversion ￡0.8 million.士比亞劇團和新維克劇院等公司制作的類似露天舞臺的創(chuàng)作，提供一個位于倫敦中心的展示地。這類制作通常沒能在西區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)劇院成功上演。

The building reopened early the following year.Renamed ‘Trafalgar Studios’, the theatre now houses two studio spaces: a larger space seating 380 and a small space seating 100. The larger space was designed to create an open stage transfer theatre providing a much-needed central London showcase for visiting work created in similar open stage venues by organizations such as the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Young Vic. Such work does not transfer successfully to conventional West End proscenium theatres.

為了創(chuàng)建更大的室內(nèi)空間，劇場原有的圓形前部被移除，傾斜的圓形裙擺層向前延伸了四排，以連接在原始舞臺前方凸起的新舞臺。前臺的出入口由觀眾和演員共享，前排觀眾席與舞臺處于同一水平上。座椅主要是固定的，但在新的舞臺臺口處有一定的靈活性。原有的后排座位位于圓形舞臺的下方，已成為第二工作室，這是一個三面設(shè)有座位的小型工作室。

To create the larger studio, the original circle front was removed and the steeply raked dress circle tier extended forward by four rows to meet a new raised stage, projecting in front of the original proscenium. A single downstage vomitory entrance is shared by audience and actors and the front row of seats is at the same level as the stage. The seatingis mainly fixed but with some flexibility around the new apron stage. The original rear stalls, below the circle, has become Studio 2, a small-scale studio with seating on three sides.

舊時的白廳街劇院現(xiàn)改建為特拉法加工作室

政府在對所列建筑物所做的任何改動都是可逆的基礎(chǔ)上，批準(zhǔn)了改建規(guī)劃，并采用了輕量級的施工方法，具有快速施工的附加優(yōu)勢。新建筑保留了觀眾席內(nèi)的所有原始裝飾，但覆蓋了整個觀眾席，以增強工作室的氛圍。

Planning consent was given on the basis that any alterations which were made to the listed building were reversible, so a lightweight method of construction was used which had the added advantage of being quick to build. All original decoration within the auditorium was retained but covered over to enhance the studio atmosphere.