為全球發(fā)展道路貢獻智慧和力量

雷怡安

To contribute wisdom and strength to global development path

——Model projects of intemational cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative

“經(jīng)過5年多的生動實踐，共建‘一帶一路’取得了實實在在的成績，有力促進世界基礎設施互聯(lián)互通和貿(mào)易投資發(fā)展，有效造福沿線國家民眾，是當今維護經(jīng)濟全球化和世界和平發(fā)展的重要力量，必將成為構(gòu)建人類命運共同體的重要合作實踐平臺，今后要以項目建設為抓手，以市場為主導、以企業(yè)為主體，持續(xù)提升國際合作的層次和水平，推進共建走深走實走精?！?月14日，由國家發(fā)展和改革委員會一帶一路建設促進中心主辦的“一帶一路”國際合作典型項目研討會上，面對5年多來“一帶一路”大項目取得的成績，與會代表們達成了這樣的共識。

5年來，跟隨著“一帶一路”倡議這幅全球共贏恢弘畫卷的徐徐鋪開，一個又一個旗艦項目，中沙延布煉廠、河鋼斯梅代雷沃鋼廠、束埔寨西哈努克港經(jīng)濟特區(qū)、中白工業(yè)園、蒙內(nèi)鐵路、巴基斯坦卡洛特水電站……在“一帶一路”沿線國家地區(qū)開花結(jié)果。

“After five-plus years of implementation，the Belt and Road lnitiative has achievedmany tangible achievements. For example，it greatly promoted the interconnectivity ofglobal infrastructure and trade investmentand benefited people and countries alongthe route. Now it serves as a strong forcein maintaining economic globalizationand world peace and will definitelybecome an important cooperationplatform to build a community ofshared future for mankind. In the future，focusing on project constructions， theBelt and Road Initiative will adhere tomarket orientation and give full playto enterprises， so as to further improvethe level of international cooperationand promote the joint construction tobe put into place and feature a moreprofound and intensive manner." OnMarch 14， at the seminar about modelprojects of international cooperationheld by the Center for Promoting Beltand Road Construction under NationalDevelopment and Reform Commission，representatives reached consensus onthe past five-plus years' achievements ofmajor projects under the Belt and Road.

In the past five years， under theframework of the Belt and Road Initiativeunfolds a spectacular picture of globalwin-win. One after another flagshipproject kicked off and yielded positiveresults in countries along the the Bletand Road， such as the Yanbu AramcoSinopec Refining Company （YASREF），Hesteel Serbia， Cambodia SihanoukvilleSpecial Economic Zone， the Great Stone，Mombasa-Nairobi Standard GaugeRailway， Karot hydropower station inPakistan， and so on.

YASREF： products sold to Europe and Asian-Pacific region

中沙廷布煉廠由中國石化集團和沙特阿美石油公司分別以37.5%和62.5%出資比例組建，雙方2012年簽訂項目合資協(xié)議，總投資86億美元。2015年4月試運行。2016年1月正式投產(chǎn)。

在沙特阿拉伯西部紅海岸邊有一座美麗安靜的小城——延布。小城以石化工業(yè)聞名，在靠近海邊的大片空地上，3家大型煉化廠一字排開，構(gòu)成了一道與眾不同的風景線。位于這里的中沙延布煉廠自2016年投產(chǎn)以來，實現(xiàn)了驕人業(yè)績，累計加工原油4997萬噸，生產(chǎn)世界最高品質(zhì)的汽柴油3998萬噸。項目不僅實現(xiàn)盈利，并已償還建設期股東提供的貸款，產(chǎn)品遠銷歐洲和亞太地區(qū)。延布煉廠創(chuàng)造了中東地區(qū)工藝先進、投資省、工期短、質(zhì)量優(yōu)、安全好的優(yōu)秀業(yè)績，獲得了國際能源界最高獎——普氏年度能源項目獎。延布煉廠相關負責人這樣評價：“這個項目對于實現(xiàn)沙特2030愿景中提出的發(fā)展工業(yè)、增加非石油收入和創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會都起到了示范作用?！?/p>

The Yanbu Aramco SinopecRefining Company （YASREF），was jointly established by ChinaPetrochemical Corporation （Sinopec）and Saudi Aramco. Both sides inkedan agreement on the joint venture in2012 with a total investment of USD8.6 billion， with 62.5% of the equityinterest owned by Saudi Aramco and37.5% by Sinopec. The joint venturewent into test operation in April 2015，and started production in January 2016.

Situated on Saudi Arabia's westerncoast of the Red Sea is a beautiful andtranquil city， Yanbu. Yanbu is famousfor its advanced petrochemical industryfeaturing three major refineries liningup along the beautiful beach， whichpresents a unique landscape. YASREFhas achieved great success after startingproduction in 2016. It has produced49.97 million tons of crude oil， and finegasoline and diesel oil of 39.98 milliontons. The project has not only earnedprofits but also paid back the loansprovided by shareholders in constructionphase. And its products have been soldto Europe and Asian-Pacific region.YASREF has earned prestige withadvanced processes， low investment，fast construction， high quality and safetyin the Middle East， helping it win the"Construction Project of the Year" of thePlatts Global Energy Awards， the highest-level award in international energy. Therelevant person in charge YASREF saidthat the project has set an example forthe Saudi Vision 2030 0f developingindustries， increasing non-oil revenues，and creating job opportunities.

Hesteel Serbia： model project in international capacity cooperation

河鋼收購塞爾維亞斯梅代雷沃鋼廠僅半年，就結(jié)束了其連續(xù)7年虧損的歷史，成為塞爾維亞第二大出口企業(yè)。

成立于1913年的斯梅代雷沃鋼廠是當?shù)刂陌倌昀蠌S，曾被稱為“塞爾維亞的驕傲”。但由于國際市場競爭激烈以及管理不善等原因，該廠一度陷入困境，幾乎瀕臨倒閉。2016年4月，中國河鋼集團以4600萬歐元收購鋼鐵廠，并成立河鋼塞爾維亞有限公司（河鋼塞鋼），鋼鐵廠5000多名面臨失業(yè)的員工迎來曙光，重返車間，目前，經(jīng)營情況創(chuàng)歷史最好水平，正在努力成為中國與中東歐國際產(chǎn)能合作和“一帶一路”建設樣板工程。

Only half a year after SmederevoSteel Mill was acquired by HBISGroup Co.， Ltd （HBIS） did it endits consecutive seven-year loss， andgrew into the second largest exportingenterprise in Serbia.

The steel mill. which startedoperations in 1913， was a well-known century-old plant once hailedas the "Serbian national pride"， butfierce international competition andpoor management was leading itto predicament and closure， untilit changed to the Hesteel GroupSerbia Iron & Steel （commonlyknown as Hesteel Serbia） after a46-million-euro purchase by HBISin April 2016. Since the take-over，more than 5，000 employees facingunemployment returned to work. Atpresent， the business of the mill evenhits a historical high， striving to be anexample in China-Central and EasternEurope （CEECs） capacity cooperationand the Belt and Road Initiative.

Cambodia Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone （SSEZ）：

among the first batch of overseas negotiation cooperation zones

西哈努克港經(jīng)濟特區(qū)（以下簡稱西港特區(qū)）是中國商務部首批中標的境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)之一，也是首批獲商務部、財政部考核確認的六個境外合作區(qū)之一。

西港特區(qū)位于西哈努克省，總面積11.13平方公里。海陸空交通便利，區(qū)位優(yōu)勢十分明顯。經(jīng)過10年的開發(fā)建設，西港特區(qū)首期5平方公里區(qū)域內(nèi)已初步完成通路、通電、通水、通訊、排污（五通）和平地（一平），建有一個大型污水處理廠和170棟廠房，并配套建設了綜合服務中心等設施。同時，柬埔寨發(fā)展理事會、海關、商檢、商業(yè)部等部門入?yún)^(qū)辦公，為企業(yè)提供“一站式”服務。截至2017年底，特區(qū)已吸引服裝、箱包、制鞋、電子產(chǎn)業(yè)等入?yún)^(qū)企業(yè)118家，為當?shù)靥峁┝私?萬個就業(yè)崗位。

Cambodia Sihanoukville SpecialEconomic Zone （SSEZ） is oneof the first batch of overseas economyand trade cooperation zones designatedby China's Ministry of Commerce andone of the first batch of six overseascooperation zones confirmed by theMinistry of Commerce and Finance.

Covering an area of 11.13 squarekilometers， SSEZ is located in Sihanoukville，a place which enjoys convenient air， sea，and land transportation， providing it withsignificant niche advantages. After 10years of development and construction，SSEZ has finished the initial phase of thedevelopment area of 5 square kilometers，including transportation， electricity，water， communications， sewage disposalas well as land leveling. A large-scalesewage treatment plant and 170 factorieshave been built， along with supportingfacilities such as a comprehensive servicecenter. Meanwlule， the Council for theDevelopment of Cambodia （CDC）， theCambodian Customs， the Departmentof Commodity Inspection， and theMinistry of Commerce have entered thedistrict to provide "one-stop" servicesfor enterprises. By the end of 2017， 118enterprises such as clothing， bags， shoes，and electronics had been attracted to thearea， providing nearly 20，000 jobs forlocal communities.

China-Belarus Industrial Park： the pearl along the Silk Road Economic Belt

甲白工業(yè)園全稱中國一日俄羅斯工業(yè)園，坐落于絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶上貫通歐亞的重要樞紐——白俄羅斯明斯克州，規(guī)劃面積91.5平方公里，被譽為“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶上的明珠”。

中白工業(yè)園毗鄰國際機場、鐵路、柏林一莫斯科公路干線，主要是以機械制造、電子信息、精細化工、生物醫(yī)藥、新材料、倉儲物流為主的高新技術產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)。園區(qū)內(nèi)規(guī)劃有生產(chǎn)和居住區(qū)、辦公和商貿(mào)娛樂綜合體、金融和科研中心。自2012年啟動招商以來，在中白雙方的共同努力下，入園企業(yè)從2015年的7家增至目前的42家，協(xié)議投資總額約11億美元。根據(jù)白俄羅斯共和國第490號“關于海關監(jiān)管”總統(tǒng)令，中白工業(yè)園被批準為白俄羅斯境內(nèi)首個區(qū)域經(jīng)濟特區(qū)。這將進一步增強其相對白俄羅斯及其他歐亞經(jīng)濟聯(lián)盟國家在營商優(yōu)惠政策方面的吸引力。

Great Stone， also called China-BelarusIndustrial Park， is located in Minsk，Belarus， an important hub linking Europeand Asia in the Silk Road EconomicBelt， with a planned area of 91.5 squarekilometers. It is hailed as the "pearl alongthe Silk Road Economic Belt".

Great stone is adjacent to theinternational airport， the railway andthe Berlin-Moscow highway. It aims tobecome a high-tech industrial park withmachinery manufacturing， electronicinformation， fine chemicals， bio-medicine， new materials， and warehousinglogistics as the main industries. In thepark， production and residential areas，complexes integrating office， businessand entertainment， and financial andscientific research centers are planned tobe constructed. Since the park launchedits investment promotion in 2012， thanksto the joint efforts of China and Belarus，the number of enterprises in the park hasincreased from seven in 2015 t0 42 atpresent， with a total agreed investmentof about USD l.1 billion. Accordingto the Presidential Decree No.490 0fthe Republic of Belarus "On CustomsSupervision"， Great Stone was approvedas the first regional special economic zonein Belarus， which will further enhance itsattraction of Belarus and other EurasianEconomic Union countries in terms ofpreferential business policies.

Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway （SGR）：Millennium Project

蒙巴薩一內(nèi)羅畢標軌鐵路（蒙內(nèi)鐵路）全長約480公里，東起肯尼亞東部港口蒙巴薩，西至首都內(nèi)羅畢，這條肯尼亞獨立以來的首條新鐵路由中國企業(yè)承建，全線采用中國標準。

蒙內(nèi)鐵路自2017年6月1日客運線路正式運行以來，已成功運送旅客200多萬人次，這相當于在內(nèi)羅畢350萬人口中，每7人就有4人乘坐過蒙內(nèi)鐵路旅客列車。這條被肯尼亞人親切稱為“世紀工程”的鐵路，不僅在改變民眾的出行方式，同時也為這個國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展注入新動力。蒙內(nèi)鐵路通車后，貨物運輸時間縮短，降低物流成本超過40%，而鐵路的建設拉動了肯尼亞國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值1.5%至2%的增長，更為關鍵的是，通過鐵路形成了包括港口在內(nèi)的全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈發(fā)展。

The 480-kilometer Mombasa-NairobiStandard Gauge Railway （SGR）extends from Mombasa in the east， thecountry's largest port city and to Nairobiin the west， the capital city of Kenya. It isthe first railway in Kenya after it gainedindependence， which was constructed bya Chinese company and adopted Chinesestandard along the entire line.

The SGR， built by the China Roadand Bridge Company （CRBC）， wasput into service since June l， 2017.So far， it has transported more than 2million passenger trips， which meansthat four in seven people among the 3.5nullion population in Nairobi have takenthe SGR. The line， kindly hailed as a"Millennium Project" by Kenya people，not only transforms Kenya people'stransportation but also injects new vitalityto the country's economic development.The line shortens the time to transportcargo between Nairobi and Mombasaand lows the logistics cost by more than40%. In addition， the construction of therailway drove GDP in Kenya to growby l.5% t0 2%， and more importantly， acomprehensive industrial chain includingport came into being.

Pakistan Karot Hydropower Plant： the first project of the Silk Road Fund

卡洛特水電站是“中巴經(jīng)濟走廊”優(yōu)先實施項目，是中國三峽集團和中國水電行業(yè)第一個被寫入中巴兩國政府聯(lián)合聲明的項目，是“一帶一路”首個大型水電投資建設項目，也是絲路基金成立后投資的第一單.

2016年12月，項目主體工程全面開工建設。根據(jù)施工計劃，首臺機組將于2021年4月投產(chǎn)發(fā)電。項目采用“建設一運營一轉(zhuǎn)讓”模式運作，由中國企業(yè)運營管理，30年運營期滿后將無償轉(zhuǎn)讓給巴基斯坦政府。中國三峽集團表示，作為“絲路基金”成立后投資的第一單，卡洛特水電站是巴基斯坦首個完全采用中國技術和中國標準建設的水電投資項目，也為中國機械設備提供了“走出去”的平臺。

Karot Hydropower Plant is a priorityroject in China-Pakistan EconomicCorridor （CPEC）， the first project ofChina Three Gorges Corporation andChinese hydropower industry listedin the joint declaration by China andPakistan governments and the first largehydropower investment constructionproject along the Belt and Road and inCPEC as well as the "first order" after theSilk Road Fund was established.The construction kicked off inDecember 2016. According to theconstruction plan， the first unit willbe put into operation in April 2021.The project， adopting "Construction-Operation-Transferring" mode， isoperated and managed by Chineseenterprise at the beginning and will betransferred to Pakistan government forfree after 30-year operation. China ThreeGorges Corporation noted that as thefirst project of the Silk Road Fund， KarotHydropower Plant is the first hydropowerinvestment project which completelyadopts Chinese technology and standard，providing a platform for Chinesemachinery equipment to "go global".