亞洲文明 殊方共享

彭納

璀璨的亞洲文明，為世界文明發(fā)展史書寫了濃墨重彩的篇章，人類文明因亞洲而更加絢爛多姿。我們應(yīng)該增強(qiáng)文明自信，在先輩們鑄就的光輝成就基礎(chǔ)上，堅(jiān)持同世界其他文明交流互鑒，努力續(xù)寫亞洲文明新輝煌——中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平

The great Asian civilizations have a special place in the annals of world civilizations， and they have added to the diversity of human civilizations. We should have greater confidence in our civilizations. We may build on the rich heritage of our forefathers， stay engaged with other civilizations and increase mutual learning. By doing so， we will add new glory to Asian civilizations. — Chinese President Xi Jinping

當(dāng)安納托利亞高原上的小麥破土而出，它成為了哺育人類的乳汁；當(dāng)水稻被河姆渡人種在長(zhǎng)江流域的土地上，它供養(yǎng)著生命的世代傳承；當(dāng)朵朵棉花如云般綻放在古印度，它溫暖著在歲月洪流中奮進(jìn)的人們。這些給予人類生命延續(xù)力量的種子，拼接出亞洲這片土地關(guān)于文明的最初印象。

亞洲，在世界版圖上，占據(jù)著陸地總面積的29.4%，被譽(yù)為“太陽(yáng)升起的地方”。幅員遼闊的亞洲大陸，孕育出了瑰麗多彩的文明——延綿至今的中華文明、悠久古老的印度文明、神秘奪目的巴比倫文明。

四季交替，歷史更迭。2015年3月28日，博鰲亞洲論壇開幕式上，中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平發(fā)表主旨演講時(shí)說："中方倡議召開亞洲文明對(duì)話大會(huì)，加強(qiáng)青少年、民間團(tuán)體、地方、媒體等各界交流，打造智庫(kù)交流合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)，讓亞洲人民享受更富內(nèi)涵的精神生活，讓地區(qū)發(fā)展合作更加活力四射。"

4年后，亞洲文明對(duì)話大會(huì)落地中國(guó)。這場(chǎng)關(guān)于文明的盛事，讓來自亞洲的47個(gè)國(guó)家和世界其他國(guó)家及國(guó)際組織的1352位會(huì)議代表齊聚北京，圍繞“亞洲文明交流互鑒與命運(yùn)共同體”主題，共商亞洲文明發(fā)展之道，共話亞洲合作共贏大計(jì)。

5月的北京，被盛開的月季花裝點(diǎn)，街頭飛揚(yáng)的彩旗延續(xù)到路的盡頭，亞洲文明對(duì)話大會(huì)牡丹花形狀的標(biāo)志隨風(fēng)舞動(dòng)，與路邊盛放的鮮花遙相呼應(yīng)。5月15日，亞洲文明對(duì)話大會(huì)緩緩拉開序幕，7天時(shí)間里，大會(huì)舉辦了開幕式及六場(chǎng)平行分論壇，與此同時(shí)，在全國(guó)同步開展亞洲文化嘉年華、亞洲文明周、亞洲美食節(jié)等活動(dòng)，讓全國(guó)各地的人們都有機(jī)會(huì)參與到這場(chǎng)文明的盛宴中。

5月15日晚上，“亞洲文化嘉年華”在國(guó)家體育場(chǎng)“鳥巢”上演，奏響了亞洲文明對(duì)話大會(huì)的盛大序曲。這場(chǎng)通過移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，面向全球直播的文化狂歡大聯(lián)誼讓世界為之震撼。

來自亞洲各國(guó)的藝術(shù)家、青年代表及享有盛譽(yù)的世界級(jí)著名表演藝術(shù)家，在這個(gè)夜晚齊聚一堂，為世界打造了一臺(tái)中外文明大交流、文化界大匯聚、人民大聯(lián)歡的人文盛事。活動(dòng)中，多彩多元的藝術(shù)呈現(xiàn)、全新的舞美科技以及中外藝術(shù)家和青年的精彩演出和互動(dòng)，展示出亞洲文明的獨(dú)有魅力和中國(guó)文明的博大瑰麗。

5月16日，亞洲文明對(duì)話大會(huì)的重要內(nèi)容——亞洲文明巡游在北京奧林匹克公園景觀大道拉開帷幕。孟加拉國(guó)、柬埔寨、印度等16個(gè)國(guó)家選派的表演團(tuán)隊(duì)以及來自我國(guó)各省市自治區(qū)的共28支優(yōu)秀表演團(tuán)隊(duì)組成盛裝巡游隊(duì)伍，為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀眾帶來了別樣的亞洲風(fēng)情。

活動(dòng)以“亞洲文明 世界共融”為主題，以“文明對(duì)話、交流平臺(tái)、‘一帶一路’、世界共融”為理念，全方位展示亞洲各國(guó)風(fēng)貌，通過“中華風(fēng)采”“亞洲風(fēng)情”“神州風(fēng)韻”“北京歡迎你”四個(gè)表演板塊，充分展現(xiàn)了亞洲文明的絢爛風(fēng)情、中國(guó)文明的多姿多彩和北京文化的深邃魅力。精彩的表演贏得現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀眾陣陣掌聲。

熙熙攘攘的中國(guó)國(guó)家博物館內(nèi)，參觀者絡(luò)繹不絕。這座現(xiàn)代化的博物館內(nèi)有一方寶藏，隱藏著遠(yuǎn)古的文明之光。

走進(jìn)“殊方共享——絲綢之路國(guó)家博物館文物精品展”，文明交往的歷史畫卷便在一件件文物中緩緩展開。此次展覽，中國(guó)國(guó)家博物館聯(lián)合“一帶一路”沿線的柬埔寨、日本、哈薩克斯坦、拉脫維亞、蒙古、阿曼、波蘭、韓國(guó)、羅馬尼亞、俄羅斯、斯洛文尼亞、塔吉克斯坦12個(gè)國(guó)家博物館，精挑細(xì)選各個(gè)時(shí)期、不同門類的234件（套）歷史文物，實(shí)證絲綢之路沿線國(guó)家豐富多樣的文化交流。

展品中，俄羅斯早期文明帶著青銅時(shí)代的莽撞，將游牧文化帶入中國(guó)，那些帶有圖爾賓諾文化符號(hào)的長(zhǎng)矛，在新疆、青海出土；在蒙古國(guó)的展品中，來自中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家的各種錢幣，成為了絲綢之路上貿(mào)易往來的有力證據(jù)；哈薩克斯坦黃金武士閃亮的盔甲，述說著絲路繁華的過往；玄奘筆下的塔吉克斯坦，在印有銘文的器物上，呈現(xiàn)眼前……

波蘭華沙國(guó)家博物館藏中國(guó)風(fēng)格的伊朗瓷盤、柬埔寨國(guó)家博物館藏銅鼓、韓國(guó)國(guó)立中央博物館藏唐三彩三足罐、日本東京國(guó)立博物館藏突線鈕銅鐸、阿曼國(guó)家博物館藏哈德拉毛語(yǔ)雕刻飾板……精美絕倫、風(fēng)格迥異的各國(guó)藏品，引得參觀者駐足欣賞。這些精美文物充分展示了“一帶一路”沿線各國(guó)在科技、藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的融合互鑒以及其交匯碰撞的廣度和深度，同時(shí)也深刻揭示了構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體作為世界未來發(fā)展方向的歷史必然性。

亞洲文明對(duì)話大會(huì)期間，以“文明之源 美美與共——璀璨的亞洲文明”為主題的亞洲文明聯(lián)展（文物展）也于4月至8月在國(guó)家會(huì)議中心、清華大學(xué)藝術(shù)博物館火熱開展，這些帶著文明基因的文物，會(huì)帶領(lǐng)大眾追溯亞洲各文明的發(fā)展歷程，展現(xiàn)各文明之間的對(duì)話、交流、互鑒的軌跡，推動(dòng)亞洲不同民族、不同國(guó)家、不同文明之間的交流互鑒。

美食是世界流行的通用語(yǔ)，沒有一個(gè)人能夠拒絕味蕾發(fā)出的邀請(qǐng)。

5月16日傍晚，成都春熙路人潮涌動(dòng)。一場(chǎng)名為“舌尖上的以色列”的美食推介活動(dòng)正式啟動(dòng)，拉開了亞洲文明對(duì)話大會(huì)成都熊貓亞洲美食節(jié)的序幕?；顒?dòng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，薩比奇煎餅、甜薯三文魚卷、香草鷹嘴豆餅、鷹嘴豆醬、以色列牛肉串等極具地方特色的美食，讓成都的“好吃嘴兒”停下了腳步。以色列飲食受歐洲、非洲和亞洲等的影響，逐漸形成了獨(dú)特多元的飲食文化。

幾天時(shí)間里，以色列、泰國(guó)、巴基斯坦、韓國(guó)、新加坡、日本、中國(guó)香港、中國(guó)澳門的代表輪番上陣，向全球美食愛好者發(fā)出盛情邀請(qǐng)。

四川則端出火鍋盛宴——“火鍋創(chuàng)意集市”，為美食尋香再添一把火。四川省火鍋協(xié)會(huì)執(zhí)行會(huì)長(zhǎng)嚴(yán)龍介紹說，火鍋本來就是中外交流的產(chǎn)物，“為豐富四川的火鍋，我們會(huì)從不同國(guó)家引進(jìn)特色食材?！?/p>

據(jù)了解，亞洲文明對(duì)話大會(huì)期間，關(guān)于美食的盛宴同時(shí)在北京、廣州、杭州、成都展開。北京亞洲美食節(jié)以“享亞洲美食賞京城美景 品古都文化”為主題，圍繞“風(fēng)味”“技藝”“器禮”三大美食文化領(lǐng)域，組織開展形式多樣的活動(dòng)；廣州亞洲美食節(jié)以“樂享亞洲美食 品味千年花城”為口號(hào)，旨在推介廣州美食美味、傳播中華飲食文化、促進(jìn)亞洲美食文明交流互鑒；杭州亞洲美食節(jié)以“以食載文 和而不同”為主題，向亞洲和世界積極展示杭州美食和杭州文化的獨(dú)特魅力；成都熊貓亞洲美食節(jié)以“食美尋香 各美其美 美美與共”為主題，突出活動(dòng)的國(guó)際性、文化性、大眾性，充分展示享譽(yù)世界的川菜文化，增進(jìn)各國(guó)人士對(duì)川蜀飲食文化和中華傳統(tǒng)文化的興趣與了解。

北京底蘊(yùn)深厚，廣州豐富多彩，杭州精致婉約，成都火爆十足，四座不同的城市，呈現(xiàn)出了四種風(fēng)味的美食文化，共同向世界展現(xiàn)出中華食文化的博大精深。

這一場(chǎng)場(chǎng)文化的盛宴是亞洲文明輝煌的一次集中亮相，文明的發(fā)展需要互學(xué)互鑒、殊方共享，而隨著亞洲文明不斷的對(duì)話，這樣的互鑒和共享將在未來把亞洲各國(guó)串聯(lián)在一起，共同書寫屬于每一個(gè)亞洲國(guó)家的文明。

Reviewing the long course of human history， it can be seen that the wheat breaking through the soil on Anatolian Plateau has been breeding human being just like the milk； the rice cultivated on the lands in the Yangtze River Basin by the Hemudu people has been nourishing generation after generation； and the cotton blossoming like clouds in ancient India has been encouraging people to forge ahead in the currents of history. These seeds that empower human being to realize survival and reproduction represent the early civilizations on the land of Asia.

In the world map， Asia covers 29.4% of the earth’s land mass， dubbed as the place where the sun rises. The vast continent has nourished and enriched diverse and colorful civilizations， including the longlasting Chinese civilization， the time-honored Indian civilization and the mysterious Babylonian civilization.

Asian civilizations have grown from strength to strength with the passage of time. On March 28， 2015， at the opening ceremony of Boao Forum for Asia， Chinese President Xi Jinping gave a keynote speech， addressing that China proposes that a conference of dialogue among Asian civilizations be held to provide a platform upon which we can enhance interactions among the youth， people’s groups， local communities and the media and to form a network of think-tank exchange and cooperation， so as to add to Asian people’s rich cultural life and contribute to more vibrant regional cooperation and development.

Four years later， the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations （CDAC） was held in Beijing， China. This grand event of civilizations embraced 1，352 representatives from 47 Asian countries， countries outside the region and the international organization. Under the theme of “exchanges and mutual learning among Asian civilizations and a community with a shared future”， the conference aimed to discuss the development path for Asian civilizations and draw blueprint for win-win cooperation among Asian countries.

In May， the streets of Beijing were decorated by blooming China roses and colorful flags everywhere. The logo of the conference in the shape of the peony waved in the breeze， chiming in with the beautiful flowers in full bloom along the roadsides. On May 15， the CDAC kicked off in Beijing. During the seven days， the conference had an opening ceremony and six parallel sub-forums. At the same time， Asian Culture Carnival， Asian Civilization Week and Asian Food Festival were held across the country， providing people opportunity to participate in the mutual learning of Asian civilizations.

In the evening on May 15， Asian Culture Carnival was staged at Beijing’s National Stadium， also known as the Bird’s Nest， opening the prelude of the CDAC. Through the mobile Internet， a global broadcast was realized and the audiences all over the world were impressed by this spectacular cultural carnival.

The cast included famous performers and youth representatives and world-class artists from different Asian countries. The event represented a great convergence and communication of civilizations and cultures from around the globe， and a joyful gathering of peoples and nations. It showcased the distinctive charm of the Asian civilizations and Chinese civilization through spectacular art performances， marvelous high-tech stage effects， and wonderful performances and interactions between Chinese and foreign artists and young people.

On May 16， Asian Civilization Parade， one of the major sideline events of the CDAC， started at the Olympic Park Avenue. Costumed performers from 16 countries including Bangladesh， Cambodia and India as well as 28 domestic performance teams， joined the parade. The parade gave the audience a glimpse of the unique Asian civilizations.

Following the philosophy of “dialogues between civilizations， communication platform， the Belt and Road Initiative， world harmony”， the parade showcased the panorama of Asian countries with the theme of “Asian civilization， world harmony”. It consisted of four parts： “Fascination of Chinese Ethnic Groups”， “Enchanting Asia”， “Charming China” and “Welcome to Beijing”. These activities brought the splendid Asian civilizations， colorful Chinese civilization and Beijing culture before the world. The wonderful performances won continuous applause from the audience.

The National Museum of China was thronged with visitors. The treasures housed in this modern museum shine the glint of ancient civilizations.

With the theme of “sharing a common future”， the Exhibition of Treasures from National Museums along the Silk Road unfolded the historical picture of civilization exchanges through various exhibits before the visitors. The National Museum of China， in conjunction with 12 other national museums from the countries along the Belt and Road including Cambodia， Japan， Kazakhstan， Latvia， Mongolia， Oman， Poland， ROK， Romania， Russia， Slovenia and Tajikistan， selected 234 pieces （sets） of cultural relics from different times to exhibit， aiming to provide a proof of various cultural exchanges among countries along the Silk Road.

Among the exhibits， the spearheads from the Russian Turbino Culture were unearthed in Xinjiang and Qinghai， which reflect the history of the early Russian civilization in the Bronze Age bringing nomadic culture to China. Among the Mongolian exhibits were coins from China and other countries， which provide strong evidence for the past trade along the Silk Road. The armors of the golden warriors from Kazakhstan tell stories about the past prosperity along the Silk Road. The image of Tajikistan once depicted by Xuanzang emerges with utensils bearing inscriptions.

Other exhibits included porcelain plates from the National Museum in Warsaw， the bronze drum collection of the National Museum of Cambodia， the Sancai pot of the central museum of the National Museum of ROK， and the Japanese bronze bell of the Tokyo National Museum， carved plaque of a ramawt from the National Museum of Oman， etc. These delicate collections featuring diverse styles of different countries grabbed the attention of the visitors. These exquisite cultural relics fully demonstrate the breadth and depth of the integration， mutual learning and collision of science and art among countries along the Belt and Road， and profoundly reveal the historical inevitability of building a “community of shared future for mankind”as the future development direction of the world.

During the conference， the Joint Exhibition of Asian Civilizations （Artifact Exhibition Series） features the theme of “brilliant Asian civilizations： exploring historical origins and promoting shared diversity” is held from April to August at China National Convention Center and the Tsinghua University Art Museum. With the cultural relics， it aimed at exploring the civilizations’ evolution process， reviewing their past dialogue， exchanges and mutual learning with each other， and facilitating exchanges and mutual learning among various nations， countries and civilizations across Asia.

A common bond among all nations is the love for food， and it is hard to resist the temptation of mouthwatering dishes.

In the evening of May 16， Chunxi Road of Chengdu was crowded with people walking to and fro. Here， a cuisine promotion activity “A Bite of Israel” was launched， which represented the opening of the Chengdu Panda Asian Food Festival of the CDAC. At the site， unique Israeli food and snacks， such as Sabich， sweet potato salmon rolls， vanilla chickpea cakes， hummus and beef kufta kebabs， attracted Chengdu dwellers who share love for gourmet food to sample. Influenced by Europe， Africa and Asia cuisines， Israeli food has been gradually developed with uniqueness and diversity.

In a few days， delegations from Israel， Thailand， Pakistan， ROK， Singapore， Japan and China’s Hong Kong and Macao each held the food festival， welcoming people around the world with tastes of their unique cuisines and cultures.

Sichuan， as the host， prepared a feast of hotpot—the “Hotpot Creative Market”， which enriched the cuisine festival. Yan Long， Executive Director of the Sichuan Hotpot Association noted that hotpot was originated from exchanges between China and foreign countries. “In order to enrich the contents of Sichuan hotpot， we are ready to introduce unique ingredients from different countries，” he added.

To celebrate the CDAC， except in Chengdu， the food festivals were also held in Beijing， Guangzhou and Hangzhou. With the theme of “tasting Asian delicacies， enjoying beautiful scenery of Beijing and appreciating culture of the ancient capital”， Beijing Asian Food Festival， focusing on three cuisine cultures including “tastes”， “cooking” and “utensils”， organized various activities. With the slogan of“enjoying Asian delicacies and sampling Guangzhou cuisines”， Guangzhou Asian Food Festival aimed to introduce Guangzhou cuisine， spread Chinese food culture， and promote exchanges and mutual learning among Asian food civilizations. Hangzhou Asian Food Festival， themed “embedding culture in food and seeking harmony in diversity”， showed the unique charm of Hangzhou cuisine and culture to Asia and beyond. Chengdu Panda Asian Food Festival， with the theme of “seeking delicious food and promoting uniqueness as well as shared diversity”， highlighted the international， cultural and popular features of the activity， fully displayed the world-renowned Sichuan cuisine culture， and enhanced people’s interest and understanding of Sichuan cuisine culture and traditional Chinese culture.

The four cities exhibit different features： Beijing has rich cultural heritage； Guangzhou is dubbed as a city of vitality； Hangzhou features delicacy and elegance； and Chengdu is famous for the quick temper and straightforwardness of its dwellers. Thus the gourmet food cultures these cities boast vary from each other， showcasing to the global visitors as a part of Chinese culture during the festivals.

Diverse and splendid Asian civilizations all came on stages during these grand cultural events. The development of civilizations calls for exchanges and mutual learning for an Asian community with a shared future. As the Asian civilizations keep making interactions with each other， the mutual learning and co-sharing will bound Asian countries together to jointly develop their own civilization.