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吳春花 《建筑技藝》（AT）執(zhí)行主編

北京2022年冬奧會即將開幕，一座座居于城市、隱于山林的奧運(yùn)場館漸漸進(jìn)入人們的視野。當(dāng)真正身處其中，那不僅僅是一座奧運(yùn)建筑，也是建筑師對復(fù)雜工藝與生態(tài)山林的科學(xué)操作，更是建筑師對人工與自然的理想建構(gòu)?；诖?，本期“AT建筑”選擇了位于延慶賽區(qū)的國家雪車雪橇中心——“雪游龍”，邀請建筑師李興鋼及其團(tuán)隊帶領(lǐng)我們一起探尋其中“自然與感知的擬合”。

如果說，在“鳥巢”巨大的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)屋頂行走，屋面如山，城市如海市蜃樓一般，這是一種人工對“城市自然”的巧妙介入；那么，在國家雪車雪橇中心隨賽道蜿蜒的屋頂步道漫游，近處木瓦屋面連綿，遠(yuǎn)處無盡山水環(huán)繞，就是人工與“真實自然”的交融互成。當(dāng)然，建筑對自然或勝景的關(guān)注，遠(yuǎn)不止于傳統(tǒng)人文的環(huán)境美學(xué)，還增加了科學(xué)的調(diào)控與精確的擬合。這種科學(xué)性與擬合，體現(xiàn)在因雪車雪橇運(yùn)動而決定的南坡選址、單向敞開、地形氣候保護(hù)系統(tǒng)；也體現(xiàn)在貼合運(yùn)動員尺度的曲面賽道，賽道精確工藝下的高強(qiáng)混凝土手工噴射；還體現(xiàn)在復(fù)雜地形室外場地與建筑的BIM融合設(shè)計，單邊懸挑膠合木梁的CNC精確加工；更有13m懸挑木梁與混凝土配重自然形成的屋頂步道，與樸素的木瓦屋面一起，向人、自然舒展延伸。這是一種傳承于傳統(tǒng)園林營造“因借體宜”，又有所發(fā)展的生態(tài)營造思想，“現(xiàn)代感”“抽象形式”“材料質(zhì)感”“手工特征”“精密度”等，都在不知不覺中延伸了人的身體和感官知覺。

正如建筑師李興鋼提出的“勝景幾何”——一種對當(dāng)代建筑學(xué)進(jìn)行修正的可能性，一種將“自然”納入建筑本體要素之中的新建筑及空間營造范式，面向現(xiàn)實和未來，面向人類及其普適的人性和生命理想。建筑師的人工造物或情境營造，大抵就是一種無限接近理想空間亦或詩意生活的烏托邦之夢吧！

The Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games is opening soon,the Olympic venues locating in cities and hiding in mountains and forests gradually enter people's vision.There are not only the Olympic architecture,but also the architect's scientific operation of complex technology and ecological mountains and forests with the construction of artificial and natural.Therefore,"AT Special" chose the National Sliding Center located in Yanqing,and invited the architect Li Xinggang and his team to lead us to explore the"The Fitting of Nature and Sense".

If walking on the huge steel roof of the Bird's Nest,the roof is like a mountain,and the city is like a mirage,it is a kind of artificial intervention in the "Urban Nature".Like this,walking along the winding roof trails of the National Sliding Center,with the near shingle roof and the far endless landscape,it is the fusion of artificial and "Real Nature".Of course,the attention of architecture to nature or scenic spots is not only the traditional humanistic environmental aesthetics,but also adds scientific regulation and accurate fitting.This scientific and fitting reflect in not only the south slope site selection,one-side opening and TWPS,but also the curved track which fits the athlete's scale,the high-strength concrete sprayed manually under the precise process of the track,the BIM integration design of outdoor sites and buildings in complex terrain,the CNC accurate processing of single-sided cantilever glued wood beams,and the roof walkway naturally formed by 13m cantilever wooden beam and concrete counterweight extends to people and nature together with the simple wooden tile roof.This is a kind of ecological construction thought inherited from the traditional garden construction,which is "Depending on Suitability" and has been developed."Modern Sense","Abstract Form","Material Texture","Manual Characteristics" and"Precision" have unconsciously extended people's body and sensory perception.

Just as the architect Li Xinggang put forward the "Integrated Geometry and Poetic Scenery",a new architecture and space creation paradigm that incorporates "Nature" into the architectural noumenon elements,facing the reality and future,and the human nature and universal life ideal.The architect's artificial creation or situational creation is probably a utopian dream that is infinitely close to the ideal space or poetic life.