從“三螺旋模式結(jié)構(gòu)”到“集群創(chuàng)新”的建筑演繹
——江蘇硅谷核心區(qū)展示中心建筑設(shè)計(jì)

查金榮，張?bào)拗瑥堉强?ZHA Jinrong, ZHANG Yunzhi, ZHANG Zhijun

作者單位：啟迪設(shè)計(jì)集團(tuán)股份有限公司/Enlightenment Design Group Co., Ltd.

1 外觀/Exterior

2 入口/Entrance

3 總平面/Site plan

1 布局：啟動窗口、引領(lǐng)園區(qū)

基地被西部干線劃分為科研辦公和配套居住兩個(gè)區(qū)域，然而科研辦公用地又被現(xiàn)狀河流分為3個(gè)地塊。設(shè)計(jì)之初，希望將3塊科研用地作為一個(gè)地塊設(shè)計(jì)。通過對場地及周邊現(xiàn)狀的分析，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)首先引入一條自由的曲線，將3個(gè)獨(dú)立的地塊有機(jī)地串聯(lián)在一起，使之形成一個(gè)整體；同時(shí)又在中間地塊引入一條南北方向的軸線與自由的曲線相呼應(yīng)形成園區(qū)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)軸線；將其打造為集景觀、交通、配套服務(wù)等功能為一體的公共服務(wù)軸。通過次一級綠軸將水面景觀向地塊縱深滲透，并與主軸連接。將多層建筑與大獨(dú)棟建筑沿城市道路及主要軸線布置，形成連續(xù)的界面。相對高的小獨(dú)棟產(chǎn)品沿綠軸布置在地塊內(nèi)部，組團(tuán)面向水面形成開口，最大程度獲取自然景觀資源。多層局部對城市開放，與城市周邊地塊形成互動和滲透；體量局部升起及錯(cuò)動，強(qiáng)調(diào)圍合感，形成豐富的天際線。

設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合場地分析，限定周邊道路及自然景觀的區(qū)域范圍，通過對規(guī)劃布局的軸線位置及實(shí)現(xiàn)通廊的分析，確定了展示中心的中軸布局形式。展示中心設(shè)置在中軸的端頭，形成視覺中心。核心區(qū)的規(guī)劃布局猶如一只飛舞的鳳凰，翱翔在神州大地；啟動區(qū)的形態(tài)正如那鳳凰的羽翼，寓意發(fā)揮啟迪控股的資源優(yōu)勢。展示館則像鳳頭一樣通過建設(shè)宜產(chǎn)宜居的園區(qū)環(huán)境，吸引優(yōu)秀企業(yè)投資入住，帶領(lǐng)整個(gè)區(qū)域的產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新與升級。

2 理念：文化提煉、集群創(chuàng)新

建筑作為環(huán)境形態(tài)構(gòu)成的重要因素必定要承載文化的使命。展示中心立意突出清華文化，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)而富有內(nèi)涵。結(jié)合清華科技園與啟迪文化，提出“TUS-ICON”的設(shè)計(jì)理念構(gòu)思。通過對啟迪企業(yè)特質(zhì)和文化的提煉，以及建筑形體的演繹來詮釋啟迪控股從“三螺旋模式”到“集群式創(chuàng)新”的理論實(shí)踐。設(shè)計(jì)將“TUS-ICON”的概念與三螺旋模式相結(jié)合。形成富有靈動的3片葉子，緊接著進(jìn)行找形及形態(tài)優(yōu)化的工作。整體造型由3片立體旋轉(zhuǎn)上升的葉子及中間的裙體組合而成。葉片從中心點(diǎn)發(fā)散，通過變量（長度、弧度、角度）控制形成底部及頂部葉子平面，同時(shí)添加控制點(diǎn)重構(gòu)曲面，增加起伏關(guān)系，給予造型動態(tài)感。上下兩組葉子可通過與中心點(diǎn)的距離與角度調(diào)控位置，并連接形成立面，同時(shí)添加了曲面關(guān)鍵控制點(diǎn)柔化造型。中間裙體初始了圓臺體，后增加控制曲線，以提升造型的輕盈感，建筑形體造型具有創(chuàng)新性。

3 建筑空間：活力空間、魅力展示

內(nèi)部空間層次豐富、功能分布清晰，一層為展覽區(qū)域，二層為企業(yè)展示區(qū)，三層主要為辦公區(qū)。各層的功能分區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)具有可調(diào)整性，展覽、培訓(xùn)、會議空間形式多樣，能靈活地適應(yīng)各種使用要求。意在促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新氛圍的營造，體現(xiàn)活力性、實(shí)現(xiàn)非正式交往與正式交往并行，其空間場所更具開放性、場所性、宜人性、多元性、生態(tài)性、地域性。從交往場所上看，空間可以劃分為正式交流空間、非正式交流空間。

建筑內(nèi)部空間圍繞核心中庭予以布置，螺旋上升的旋轉(zhuǎn)樓梯將啟迪文化魅力展示有機(jī)地串聯(lián)在一起。作為設(shè)立集展示、交流、服務(wù)功能于一體的綜合性工作場所吸引新興科技企業(yè)入駐，促進(jìn)企業(yè)的成長壯大。為科技人員、投資者、建設(shè)者提供學(xué)術(shù)思想、技術(shù)信息、創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新技能的交流場所。

4 "TUS-ICON" 的清華概念，Tsinghua Concept of TUS-ICON

5 三螺旋式建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，Architectural Structure of Triple Helix Model

6 BIM模型/BIM model

4 技術(shù)手段：數(shù)字模擬、BIM落實(shí)

設(shè)計(jì)體型的復(fù)雜化以致于設(shè)計(jì)一開始就采用BIM參數(shù)化手段全過程設(shè)計(jì)，由于體型復(fù)雜，建筑、結(jié)構(gòu)、幕墻3個(gè)專業(yè)的定位、構(gòu)架、分割需相互契合，設(shè)計(jì)的過程中，由上述三個(gè)專業(yè)人員在同一個(gè)BIM模型中協(xié)同工作。

在建筑確定的形體空間下，結(jié)構(gòu)專業(yè)選擇空間網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)為實(shí)施方向，并估算大致的空間桿件連接尺寸。通過偏移建筑外表皮，在參數(shù)化條件下自動生成結(jié)構(gòu)空間網(wǎng)架線性模型，結(jié)構(gòu)專業(yè)以此模型為基礎(chǔ)，進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算，確定最終的網(wǎng)架關(guān)系及構(gòu)件尺寸。同時(shí)幕墻專業(yè)確定幕墻形式，提供經(jīng)濟(jì)可行的板塊分割控制尺度，通過參數(shù)化工具，生成同建筑形體及結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)架線相適宜的板幕墻板塊分割，幕墻專業(yè)在此基礎(chǔ)上深化各板塊的構(gòu)造做法及連接關(guān)系。在完成建筑方案及各專業(yè)深化后，在Revit中進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目施工圖的設(shè)計(jì)工作，以建筑幕墻、結(jié)構(gòu)、機(jī)電3個(gè)中心模型通過鏈接的方式共同實(shí)施，以此落實(shí)項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思。

7 螺旋上升的樓梯/Spiral staircase

項(xiàng)目信息

項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理：嚴(yán)懷達(dá)

方案設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：查金榮，楊正茂，張智俊，張?bào)拗?，楊柯BIM設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：嚴(yán)懷達(dá)，王鶯，湯一凡，洪慶爾，嚴(yán)心韻，韓坤，朱鵬祥，韓文浩

施工圖建筑設(shè)計(jì)：王鶯，湯一凡，杜曉軍，張海純

施工圖結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：趙宏康，嚴(yán)心韻

施工圖暖通設(shè)計(jì)：高展斌，宣時(shí)慶

施工圖給排水設(shè)計(jì)：石志敏，王萌萌

施工圖電氣設(shè)計(jì)：張帆，張文

規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)：蘇濤，王蘇毅

智能化設(shè)計(jì)：曹新成

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：王加偉，郁正楷，孟曉靜，吳至人

內(nèi)裝設(shè)計(jì)：楊正茂，顧海雷，董宏洋

幕墻設(shè)計(jì)：李德生，高欽灼

建筑面積：4461.42m2

攝影：章魚攝影

8 首層平面/Ground floor plan

9 二層平面/First floor plan

1 Planning and layout: pioneering window and leading Suzhou Industrial Park

The base is divided into two areas by the Western trunk line: scientific research office and supporting residential areas. However, the scientific research office land is divided into three plots by the current river. At the beginning of the design, it is hoped that the three plots of scienti fic research land will be designed as a plot. Through the analysis of the present situation of the site and its surroundings, a free curve is first introduced in the design, which connects the three independent plots in series to form a whole; at the same time,a north-south axis is introduced in the middle plot to correspond with the free curve to form the main structural axis of the park; and it is built as a collection of landscape, transportation, supporting services and other functions as one of the public service axis of the body.

Through the secondary green axis, the water landscape is penetrated into the land and connected with the main axis. Multi-storey buildings and large single-storey buildings are arranged along urban roads and main axes to form a continuous interface. Relatively high small single-span products are arranged in the interior of the plot along the green axis. Groups that form openings facing the water surface maximize the acquisition of natural landscape resources. The multi-storey part opens to the city, interacts and penetrates with the surrounding land; the volume part rises and dislocates, emphasizes the sense of enclosure, and forms a rich skyline.

The design combines site analysis, defines the regional scope of surrounding roads and natural landscape, and determines the layout form of the central axis of the exhibition center through the analysis of the location of the axis of the planning layout and the realization of the corridor. The display center is set at the end of the central axis to form a visual center. The planning and layout of the core area is like a flying phoenix flying in the land of Shenzhou; the shape of the start-up area is like the feather of the phoenix, implying that the resource advantages of Enlightenment Holding can be brought into full play. The exhibition hall, like Fengtou, attracts excellent enterprises to invest in and upgrade the industry of the whole region by building an environment suitable for production and livability.

2 Design concept: cultural re fining and cluster innovation

Architecture, as an important factor of environmental form, must bear the mission of culture. The purpose of the exhibition center is to highlight Tsinghua culture, rigorous and rich in connotation. Combining Tsinghua Science Park and Enlightenment Culture, the design concept of "TUSICON" is put forward. Through the refinement of the characteristics and culture of the enlightening enterprise and the deduction of the architectural form, this paper interprets the theoretical practice of the enlightening holding company from the"triple helix model" to the "cluster innovation".

The design combines the concept of "TUSICON" with the triple helix model, resulting three flexible leaves followed by shape finding and shape optimization work. The overall shape is composed of three pieces of three-dimensional rotating upward leaves and a skirt in the middle. The blade diverges from the center point and forms the bottom and top leaf planes by variable control (length, radian, angle).At the same time, the control points are added to reconstruct the surface, increase the fluctuation relationship and give the modeling dynamic sense.The upper and lower two groups of leaves can adjust their positions by the distance and angle from the center point, and connect to form the elevation. At the same time, the key control points of the surface are added to soften the modeling. The middle skirt has a round platform at the beginning, and then a control curve is added to enhance the lightness of the shape. The architectural shape is innovative.

10 室外走廊/Outdoor corridor

11 流動的墻體/Flowing wall

3 Architectural space: vigorous space and charm display

The internal space is rich and functional, with clear distribution. The first floor is the exhibition area, the second floor is the enterprise exhibition area, and the third floor is the office area. The functional zoning structure of each layer is adjustable, exhibition, training and conference space are various, and can flexibly adapt to various use requirements. It aims to promote the creation of an innovative atmosphere, embody vitality, realize the parallel of informal and formal exchanges, and make its space more open, place-oriented, pleasant,pluralistic, ecological and regional. From the point of view of communication place, space can be divided into formal communication space and informal communication space.

The interior space of the building is arranged around the core atrium. The spiral staircase links the enlightening cultural charm organically.As a comprehensive workplace with display,communication and service functions, it attracts new technology enterprises and promotes their growth and growth. It provides a place for scienti fic and technological personnel, investors and builders to exchange academic ideas, technological information and entrepreneurial innovation skills.

4 Technology measures: digital simulation and BIM implementation

The complexity of the design shape makes the whole process design by BIM parametric means at the beginning of the design. Because of the complexity of the shape, the positioning, structure and partition of the three specialties of architecture,structure and curtain wall need to fit each other.During the design process, the three specialists work together in the same BIM model.

In the shape space determined by the building,the structural specialty chooses the space grid structure as the implementation direction, and estimates the roughly space bar connection size. By shifting the outer skin of a building, a linear model of space truss is automatically generated under parameterised conditions. Based on this model,structural specialty calculates the structure and determines the final relationship between the truss and the size of the components.

At the same time, curtain wall specialty determines the form of curtain wall, provides economically feasible control scale of plate segmentation, and generates plate segmentation suitable for building shape and structure grid line by parametric tools. Curtain wall specialty deepens the construction practice and connection relationship of each plate on this basis. After completing the construction plan and deepening of each specialty,the design of project construction drawings is carried out in Revit. The three central models of building curtain wall, structure and electromechanical are jointly implemented by means of links, so as to implement the design concept of the project.