魔幻天棚
——2018年黎凡特·查德利基巴格達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)中心設(shè)計(jì)國(guó)際競(jìng)賽方案

朱文一

巴格達(dá)，一座古今交織的城市。作為人類(lèi)文明源頭之一，整座城及其底格里斯河早已存在于每個(gè)人的頭腦中。作為當(dāng)代地區(qū)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)城市之一，巴格達(dá)時(shí)常出現(xiàn)在全世界的新聞?lì)^條里，而作為一座名副其實(shí)的設(shè)計(jì)之都，這座城恐怕并不為很多人所知。在過(guò)去100多年時(shí)間里，賴(lài)特、文丘里等建筑大師為這座城市留下了他們的設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)想。已故伊拉克裔英國(guó)建筑大師扎哈·哈迪德出生在巴格達(dá)。這次競(jìng)賽的冠名黎凡特·查德利基，就是一位伊拉克當(dāng)代建筑大師。如何在設(shè)計(jì)中呈現(xiàn)如此豐富的設(shè)計(jì)要素，成為設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽的挑戰(zhàn)之一。競(jìng)賽“巴格達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)中心”選址巴格達(dá)城中心一座經(jīng)歷戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)創(chuàng)傷的歷史遺存殘?jiān)珨啾谏?。設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)要求保留建筑遺跡，特別是保存相對(duì)完整的建筑主立面墻。

朱文一工作室提交的“魔幻天棚”方案將巴格達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)中心理解為數(shù)字中心，在其中有無(wú)限量的信息可以通過(guò)數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò)與全世界交流，同時(shí)，真實(shí)地段和歷史建筑本身也成為建筑師和游客匯聚的最佳場(chǎng)所。

第一，探索結(jié)合谷歌地球衛(wèi)星地圖的建筑。巴格達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)中心建筑的“主展廳”被設(shè)計(jì)為面朝天空的屋頂巨型屏幕（圖1）。100m×100m的巨型屏幕可以很容易在谷歌地球衛(wèi)星地圖上找到和閱讀。如果與谷歌地球衛(wèi)星地圖更新部門(mén)合作，還可以為巴格達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)制訂年度展覽計(jì)劃。在世界各地的所有人在任何時(shí)候都可以用最便捷的方式參觀巴格達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)舉辦的各種展覽。

第二，完整保留并修繕現(xiàn)有歷史建筑遺存特別是建筑沿街主立面，使其成為巴格達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)中心的現(xiàn)實(shí)形象主體。在此前提下，在廢墟上設(shè)計(jì)與原建筑地面相同標(biāo)高的架空地板，以及兩個(gè)10m×10m的室內(nèi)亭子，一個(gè)作為信息中心，另一個(gè)作為咖啡及衛(wèi)生間等服務(wù)設(shè)施。所有半室外的空間都可以用于設(shè)計(jì)中心的展示與交流（圖2）。

第三，魔幻天棚為沙漠氣候量身定制，10,000m2巨大頂棚創(chuàng)造的陰涼空間使得巴格達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)中心以及4,500m2周邊街區(qū)，特別是其對(duì)面奇使拉文化中心（Qishla）的1,300m2，變得涼爽宜人（圖3,圖4）。這樣的設(shè)計(jì)充分體現(xiàn)了巴格達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)中心應(yīng)該具有的地區(qū)特征（圖5）。

第四，輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的屋頂由10根纖細(xì)鋼柱支撐。魔幻天棚由6,400塊1.25m×1.25m的面板組成，其中3,200塊是透明的太陽(yáng)能電池板。 每個(gè)面板每年產(chǎn)生275kW的電力。另外3,200塊是LED屏幕板，電力來(lái)源于每天19:00到21:00太陽(yáng)能電池板發(fā)電。此外，聲學(xué)和照明系統(tǒng)也集成在屋頂中。

魔幻天棚方案，一種適應(yīng)沙漠干熱氣候的建筑，也是一種智能手機(jī)小屏幕可以體驗(yàn)的建筑（圖6），更是一種萬(wàn)能視角下的未來(lái)建筑新類(lèi)型（圖7）。

圖片來(lái)源

Figure Sources

文中圖片均為朱文一工作室提供

All fi gures are provided by ZHU Wenyi Atelier

FULL TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

The competition site is located on a building site in the center of Baghdad. The design task book requires the preservation of architectural remains, especially the main facade of the building. A proposal Magic Canopy for Baghdad Design Center, ZHUWENYI Atelier submitted, explores a new typology for the future architecture. Baghdad Design Center is designed as a digital center, named as the Magic Canopy, in which unlimited amounts of information can be accessed through digital network in distance all over the world and meanwhile the site and the historic building itself become a perfect place for architects and visitors' gathering.Firstly, a new typology of architecture combined with Google Earth Satellite Maps is introduced.The exhibitions are shown on the roof screen which consists of chessboard-like matrix of 1.25m×1.25m square LED panels and could be easily recognized from satellite maps on smartphones. People can enjoy digital exhibitions of Iraqi design works anytime besides visiting in person, which tremendously expand the audience throughout the globe.Secondly, the Magic Canopy also serves as a shading facility suitable for the Desert Climate. The 10,000 m2Magic Canopy provides about 4500 m2shading on the street, in the courtyard of Qishla,and 1300 m2shading on the Qishla rooftop, which bene fi ts the surrounding neighborhoods as a community center beside Tigris River.

Thirdly, the roof is a lightweight cross beam steel structure supported by ten steel columns. The self-sustained roof consists of 6,400 pieces of 1.25m×1.25m panels, among which 3,200 pieces are solar panels. 275kWh electricity is generated by each panel annually, which covers one LED panel's electricity usage every day from 19:00 to 21:00. Acoustic and illumination systems are also integrated in the roof.

The Proposal Magic Canopy, is a building that can be experienced through a small screen on smartphone (Figure 6); a new typology of future architecture through God‘s-Eye-View (Figure 7).

圖2 / Figure 2魔幻屋頂下的半室外交流與展示空間Semi-outdoor communication space and gallery under the magic roof

圖3 / Figure 3魔幻屋頂下的巴格達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)中心與周邊街區(qū)Baghdad Design Center and its Context under the magic roof

圖4 / Figure 4魔幻屋頂下的街道Street under the magic roof

圖5 / Figure 5魔幻屋頂下的公共空間Public Spaces under the magic roof

圖6 / Figure 6智能手機(jī)小屏幕上的魔幻屋頂Magic Canopy on Small Screen of Smartphone

圖7 / Figure 7谷歌地球衛(wèi)星地圖上萬(wàn)能視角下的魔幻屋頂Magic Canopy on Google Earth Satellite Map through God's-Eye-View