Villa Criss-Cross Envelope Ljubljana, Slovenia

斯諾文尼亞盧布爾雅那

項目情況：設(shè)計2012年，開工2013年，竣工2015年

項目計劃：住宅

建設(shè)單位：私人

建筑面積：340平方米

攝影：Tomaz Gregoric

Status: project 2012, construction start 2013, completion 2015

Program: residential

Client: private

Area: 340 m2

Photo: Tomaz Gregoric

該別墅位于斯洛文尼亞首都盧布爾雅那市中心的Mirje郊區(qū)。別墅所在的街道垂直于古羅馬城墻，并延伸至Plecnik設(shè)計的石頭金字塔（作為他沿城墻進(jìn)行的改建項目的一部分）下方的一條步行通道。別墅的新結(jié)構(gòu)被嵌入街面既有的擋土墻內(nèi)。通過將墻壁合并為新建筑的一部分，新的住宅保留了其在街道上與金字塔軸向?qū)R的原有位置。

別墅的外部結(jié)構(gòu)由一個立方體量和穿孔的金屬外殼組成。體量中的一些部分被挖空，以創(chuàng)造空間形如口袋的空間，帶來沿著屋頂向下的錐形臺階、位于入口旁邊的空地以及為住宅起居空間準(zhǔn)備的帶有露臺的私人玻璃天井。建筑兩側(cè)皆利用了帶孔的材料，旨在對這一位于歷史郊區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)別墅的材質(zhì)進(jìn)行抽象化的闡釋。粗糙的古典主義立面與雙層的穿孔板材相結(jié)合；建筑師的任務(wù)是通過建立深度上的錯覺來實現(xiàn)這種紋理，使建筑在呈現(xiàn)出輕盈感的同時，增強(qiáng)米色色調(diào)的光影效果。這種三維紋理創(chuàng)造出動態(tài)的抽象感，并將整個建筑體量包裹于內(nèi)。交叉的十字是一種兼具功能性和圖形性的存在。十字結(jié)構(gòu)為板材的框架帶來支撐，同時創(chuàng)造出與舊時城市別墅的立面裝飾相似的特征。

內(nèi)部體量包含了兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：裸露的結(jié)構(gòu)混凝土墻與木制殼體。該項目旨在為一戶有著三個孩子的家庭打造居所。設(shè)計要求在將居住空間最大化的同時使服務(wù)空間的占比達(dá)到最小。建筑師基于明確的功能需求，通過樓面高差而非墻壁對空間進(jìn)行了劃分：首層是起居和公用空間，二層是孩子們的空間，三層則是父母的房間。別墅中沒有地下室，木制殼體足以提供所有的存放空間。墻壁通過折疊能夠容納居住空間中的碗櫥、置物架和抽屜；床、座位和柜臺等則直接嵌于地面，以優(yōu)化空間的使用率，同時便于維護(hù)。為多個分區(qū)賦予一種相同的功能，使住宅中的不同空間得以彼此相連。

The Villa is located in the Mirje Suburbs within the city center of Ljubljana, Slovenia. The street of the villa runs perpendicular to the ancient Roman Wall and continues into a pedestrian passageway under the stone pyramid designed by Plecnik (as part his reconstruction project along the wall). The Villa’s new structure embeds an existing retaining wall along the street front.By incorporating the wall as part of the new construction, the new house keeps original position on this street in an axial alignment to the pyramid.

The external structure is composed of a cube volume and perforated metal envelope. The volume extracts cut-outs to create pockets of space that provide a pyramidical stepping down along the roof, a void along the entrance and private glass patios with terraces for living areas of the house.Using a material with holes on both sides aims to make an abstract interpretation of the texture of classical villas in the historical suburb. The rough classical fa?ade was represented with double perforated panels; the task was to achieve texture through the illusion of depth which allows a light presence and enhances the shadows and reflections off a palette of beige tints. The threedimensional texture creates a dynamic abstraction while encapsulating its coherent volume.Diagonal crosses act as a functional and graphic representation. The crosses brace the frames of panels and create identity like fa?ade ornaments on historical citizen villas.

The internal volume embodies two elements: exposed structural concrete walls and a wooden shell. The project required a residence for a single family with three children. The brief was to maximize living area with minimum of the service space. The concept divides space based on distinct program by separating function not by walls but floor levels: ground floor is living/communal space, first floor is children area and second floor parents area. With no cellar, the shell is integral to provide all of the space for storage. The flush walls fold out to house cupboards,shelves and drawers throughout the living areas and furniture such as beds, seating and counters are built into the floor in order to optimize space and provide easy maintenance. This connects different spaces in the house by giving a common function to partitions.