Alpine Shelter Skuta Mountain Skuta, Slovenia

斯諾文尼亞

建設(shè)單位：PD Ljubljana Matica

項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃：庇護(hù)所

設(shè)計(jì)單位：Rok Oman, Spela Videcnik, OFIS建筑事務(wù)所

結(jié)構(gòu)工程：AKT II, Hanif Kara, Edward Wilkes

實(shí)施及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)協(xié)調(diào)：PD Ljubljana Matica,

Matevz Jerman, Davor Rozman

項(xiàng)目情況：2016年竣工

主承包商：Permiz d.o.o., Bostjan Perme

攝影：Anze Cokl, Andrej Gregoric, Nikolaj Gregoric,J

anez Martincic

Client: PD Ljubljana Matica

Programme: Shelter

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Instructors / Architects: Rok Oman, Spela Videcnik, OFIS architects Structural Engineering: AKT II, Hanif Kara, Edward Wilkes

Realization & onsite Coordination: PD Ljubljana Matica, Slovenia,Matevz Jerman, Davor Rozman Status: completion 2016

Principal Contractor: Permiz d.o.o., Slovenia, Bostjan Perme Photo courtesy: Anze Cokl, Andrej Gregoric, Nikolaj Gregoric,Janez Martincic

OFIS 和 AKT II的建筑師同哈佛大學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)研究生院、Freeaproved、PD Ljubljana Matica、Rieder和Rockwool的學(xué)生合作完成了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目由哈佛設(shè)計(jì)研究生院的建筑設(shè)計(jì)工作室開(kāi)發(fā)，由Rok Oman和OFIS的Spela Videcnik領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。項(xiàng)目始于2014年秋天，13名學(xué)生面臨著設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)新型但實(shí)用的居住空間以滿足極端高山氣候的需要的挑戰(zhàn)。受豐富多樣的斯洛文尼亞鄉(xiāng)土建筑遺產(chǎn)激發(fā)，學(xué)生們提出了12個(gè)提議來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)其多變的環(huán)境，選擇其所需材料，并制定出了相對(duì)應(yīng)的方案。

山區(qū)的極端氣候條件為建筑師、工程師和設(shè)計(jì)師的設(shè)計(jì)提出了挑戰(zhàn)。鑒于極端環(huán)境力量的影響，設(shè)計(jì)能夠承受極端天氣、極端溫度變化和崎嶇地形的建筑非常重要。對(duì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)不僅是一種保護(hù)措施，也直接關(guān)系到生命安全問(wèn)題。風(fēng)、雪、山體滑坡、地形、天氣等惡劣條件下，需要特定的建筑形式和概念設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)它們。

本設(shè)計(jì)由三個(gè)模塊組成，一部分用于運(yùn)輸，另一部分用于組織空間。第一個(gè)模塊是入口、儲(chǔ)藏處及準(zhǔn)備食物的小空間。第二個(gè)模塊提供了睡覺(jué)和社交的空間，第三個(gè)模塊是雙層睡眠區(qū)。兩端窗口可欣賞到山谷和Skuta山的美麗全景。

由于其安裝過(guò)程的特性，庇護(hù)所被設(shè)計(jì)成為一系列模塊，以便部分地將其帶到山上。整個(gè)原型是在車(chē)間建造的。模塊規(guī)劃為一系列的結(jié)實(shí)框架，那樣可以在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)組合起來(lái)，其安裝簡(jiǎn)便并且不易受地基干擾。為了盡可能的不影響山區(qū)環(huán)境，模塊放置處用銷(xiāo)釘連接，同時(shí)充當(dāng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)基礎(chǔ)。在計(jì)算出承受的預(yù)計(jì)強(qiáng)風(fēng)和雪荷載后，玻璃設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)三重窗格的系統(tǒng)。該營(yíng)地的安裝是在Matevz Jerman指導(dǎo)下由PD Ljubljana Matica執(zhí)行的，斯洛文尼亞武裝部隊(duì)和盧布爾雅那服務(wù)站的一支山地救援隊(duì)承擔(dān)直升機(jī)運(yùn)輸任務(wù)。整個(gè)運(yùn)輸和安裝過(guò)程一天完成。

雖然這個(gè)營(yíng)地很小，但是該項(xiàng)目要求付出很多努力同時(shí)需要60多名參與者的規(guī)劃，他們絕大多數(shù)都是志愿者和贊助商。所有人都同意這種說(shuō)法，盡管規(guī)模小，但不比任何一個(gè)大型建筑項(xiàng)目要求低。然而，所有為這個(gè)小規(guī)模項(xiàng)目做出的努力和規(guī)劃都是為了保存山區(qū)的記憶、精神和文化，成為斯洛文尼亞人民的一個(gè)特殊地方。其目的在于為所有需要它的登山者提供庇護(hù)，有了他們的關(guān)心和關(guān)注，露營(yíng)地將持續(xù)多年經(jīng)營(yíng)下去。

The project developed from an architectural design studio at the Harvard Graduate School of Design led by Rok Oman and Spela Videcnik from OFIS. In fall 2014, studios of thirteen students were facing the challenges of designing an innovative yet practical shelter to meet the needs of the extreme alpine climate. Inspired by the vernacular architecture of Slovenia with its rich and diverse architectural heritage, the students produced twelve proposals meeting various site conditions, material considerations, and programmatic concerns were produced and cataloged.

The extreme climatic conditions in the mountains introduce a design challenge for architects,engineers and designers. Within a context of extreme risk to environmental forces, it is important to design buildings that can withstand extreme weather, radical temperature shifts, and rugged terrain.Responding to envi?ronmental conditions is not only a protective measure, but also translates into a matter of immediate life safety. The harsh conditions of wind, snow, landslides, terrain, and weather require a response of specific architectural forms and conceptual designs.

The design consists of three modules, in part to allow for transport and also to programmatically divide the space. The first is dedicated to the entrance, storage and a small space for the preparation of food. The second one provides space for both, sleeping and socializing while the third features a bunk sleeping area. Windows at both ends offer beautiful panoramic views of the valley and Skuta Mountain.Due to the nature of the installation process, the shelter was designed as a series of modules so that it could be brought to the mountain in parts. The entire prototype was constructed off-site in the workshop. The modules were planned as a series of robust frames, which would then be braced together onsite providing a manageable installation and a less invasive foundation. In order to keep the mountain site as undisturbed as possible, the modules are fastened onto strategically placed pin connections, which also act as the foundation on the site. The glass is a triple pane system that has been calculated to withstand to the projected strong wind and snow loads. Installation of the bivouac was carried out by PD Ljubljana Matica under the direction of Matevz Jerman, helicopter transport while the Slovenian Armed Forces and a team of Mountain Rescue Service - station Ljubljana. The whole transportation and installation process was carried out in one day.

Although the scale of the bivouac is small, the project required a lot of effort and planning from over sixty participants who were mostly volunteers and sponsors. All would agree that, despite the small size, it was no less demanding than any large building project. However, all of the effort and planning for this small scale project is meant to keep the memory, spirit and culture of the mountains as a special place for Slovenians. The hope is that the bivouac will serve as a shelter for all of the climbers who need it, and that through their care and attention the bivouac will continue to do so for many years.