X House

地點(diǎn)：厄瓜多爾

設(shè)計(jì)：arquitectura x, Adrian Moreno, Maria Samaniego

場(chǎng)地面積：1510平方米

建造面積：337平方米，首層237平方米，二層100平方米

日期：2003年-2006年

施工：2006年9月-2007年8月

結(jié)構(gòu)工程師：Pedro Caicedo

施工單位：Adrian Moreno

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)督：Carlos Guerra

攝影：Sebastian Crespo

Location: Tumbaco valley, Quito, Ecuador

Design: arquitectura x, Adrian Moreno, Maria Samaniego

Site area: 1510 m2

Built area: 337 m2, ground floor 237m2, first floor 100 m2

Design: 2003 - 2006

Construction: September 2006 - August 2007

Structural engineer: Pedro Caicedo

Construction: Adrian Moreno

On site supervision: Carlos Guerra

Photographs: Sebastian Crespo

開(kāi)始進(jìn)行房屋設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，我們并沒(méi)有設(shè)定具體地址，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的基本方案既可用在基多也可應(yīng)用在基多東部的山谷里；也就是說(shuō)我們利用自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，從Donald Judd的作品中得到啟發(fā)，設(shè)計(jì)出一種抽象形式，可以適用于我們可能找到的任何地方：端口開(kāi)放式的箱體，其空間限制因素為安第斯山東部和西部山脈。

由于我們沒(méi)有實(shí)際的地方，便去親自探尋一些空間區(qū)域，其間發(fā)現(xiàn)在整個(gè)建筑史上，天井是最基本的場(chǎng)所營(yíng)造標(biāo)志物。

Not having a site when we started design on our house, we set out an elemental scheme that could work both in Quito and the valleys east of the city; this meant distilling our experience into an abstracted form, inspired in the work of Donald Judd, that could be placed in any of the sites we would be likely to find: an open ended box, whose spatial limits would be the eastern and western ranges of the Andes.

As we had no actual place, we looked to the spaces we felt our own, and found the patio as the essential place maker throughout our architectural history.

另一方面，我們非常喜歡原型玻璃屋及其在溫帶氣候全年可展現(xiàn)的可能性。

盡管天井形成了場(chǎng)所感，但是必須通過(guò)圍合發(fā)揮作用，所以山脈不會(huì)造成空間限制。玻璃屋可完美形成非限制空間感；在玻璃屋上加上天井，我們便可適應(yīng)不同場(chǎng)地產(chǎn)生的可能性。

我們將私人和公共空間隔開(kāi)，形成天井，將服務(wù)空間和流通區(qū)作為插入元素，根據(jù)場(chǎng)地條件需要進(jìn)行增加，進(jìn)一步對(duì)天井進(jìn)行界定。

最后，根據(jù)確定方向、大小和比例的特定場(chǎng)地條件，該圖表可形成端口開(kāi)放式箱體。

施工和物質(zhì)化作為平行考量元素，按照類(lèi)似前提決定：一個(gè)可調(diào)整、并允許基于不同預(yù)算和場(chǎng)地條件進(jìn)行決策的建筑系統(tǒng)。也就是說(shuō)，其必須盡可能地?cái)[脫那些過(guò)時(shí)、浪費(fèi)、低效、完全受限、且應(yīng)用在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)所有類(lèi)型和規(guī)模建筑上的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建筑技術(shù)。

最終，場(chǎng)地環(huán)境條件優(yōu)良，但是預(yù)算有限（加上車(chē)庫(kù)成本155.000美元），最終房屋為：

混凝土基座上的輕型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)支撐著端口開(kāi)放式的生銹鋼材和膠合板箱體。流通區(qū)、服務(wù)空間和其他影響房屋功能的元素涂成白色，并用聚碳酸酯包裹，減少西部強(qiáng)光照造成損害。綜合服務(wù)區(qū)集中平行于流通區(qū)，雨水與排水分開(kāi)，進(jìn)行表面收集，并沿著箱體的生銹端流入地下。

On the other hand was our fascination for the prototypical glass house and its possibilities in our year round temperate climate.

While the patio creates a sense of place it has to be enclosed in order to work, so the mountains can’t become the spatial limit. The glass house is perfect for that unlimited sense of space; the addition of a patio to the glass house gave us the chance to adapt to the different site possibilities.

We separated the private and public spaces defining a patio, the service spaces and circulation could be added as a plug-in as needed depending on site conditions, further defining the patio.

Finally this diagram could be fitted into the open ended box according to specific site conditions that would define orientation, size and proportion.

Construction and materiality were parallel considerations and decided on similar premises: a building system that could be modulated and would allow decision making based on varying budget and site conditions. That meant it had to be as far removed as possible from the outdated, waste generating,inefficient and absolutely limited standard building technique used across the country for every building type and size.

Finally having a site with extraordinary conditions but a very limited budget (cost with garages 155.000 us dollars), the house was ultimately defined:

A light steel structure on a concrete plinth supports the rusted steel and plywood open ended box. Circulation, service spaces, and the elements that make the house function are inserted in white and enclosed in polycarbonate for protection from the stronger western sun. All services run concentrated parallel to circulation, rain water is kept separate from drainage, it is surface collected,and flows down the rusted ends of the box into the ground.