一對(duì)杭州母女的扇藝人生

劉俏言

見到趙平加的時(shí)候，她剛從美國回杭州?！绊嵨逗贾荨袊贾莘俏镔|(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)項(xiàng)目巡展"在美國南部休斯敦亞洲協(xié)會(huì)中心精彩開展，趙平加作為一位非遺傳人又一次走出國門，展示杭州的深厚歷史底蘊(yùn)與傳統(tǒng)文化的魅力。

一位藝術(shù)家的作品和人生總是很難割裂開。正如趙平加店鋪牌匾上所雕刻的“平加扇藝”四字所言，她和扇子的緣分始于那掩蓋不住的繪畫天賦，從與扇子對(duì)話，到把這門手藝通過血脈延續(xù)，趙平加和她的女兒絕不只滿足于守著那間店鋪，作為非遺傳人，創(chuàng)新和發(fā)揚(yáng)是其對(duì)所從事的行業(yè)的堅(jiān)定承諾。

一

趙平加和繪畫的淵源，要比扇子深遠(yuǎn)得多?！澳莻€(gè)時(shí)候還小，沒有畫筆，就經(jīng)常拿著那種‘滑石在石板上畫畫?！壁w平加回憶起當(dāng)年走上繪畫這條路的經(jīng)歷，嘴里總繞不開當(dāng)年浙江美術(shù)學(xué)院（現(xiàn)中國美術(shù)學(xué)院）幾位老師的名字，“家里的親戚看我很喜歡繪畫，給我介紹了當(dāng)時(shí)在美院的趙延年、吳國亭、周昌谷老師，就算是把我引上道了?！?/p>

在趙平加的描述中，我似乎可以勾勒出一個(gè)女孩兒對(duì)畫畫異常熱愛的圖景。不能以正式學(xué)生的身份坐在課堂上，就擠在角落里旁聽，跟在美院老師的后面向他們討教技巧，把老師給的《葉淺予速寫集》一遍又一遍地臨摹，再跑到舊時(shí)的慶春門外——那個(gè)她認(rèn)為生活氣息很濃的地方去寫生。

美院的這段經(jīng)歷，在她最好的年紀(jì)給了她最專業(yè)的訓(xùn)練。所以當(dāng)1979年她以優(yōu)異的專業(yè)成績(jī)進(jìn)入杭州王星記扇廠后，在車間脫穎而出就顯得順理成章。很短的時(shí)間里，她就能夠獨(dú)立完成各式各樣的扇子制作，其扇面設(shè)計(jì)涵蓋人物、山水、花鳥，以及行、楷、草、隸、大小篆六體書法，并熟練掌握檀香扇的設(shè)計(jì)、烙燙、彩繪、噴繪、雙面異像等一整套工藝。

“在扇廠的時(shí)候其實(shí)受過很多前輩的指導(dǎo)?！壁w平加瞇起眼睛回憶，對(duì)她影響最深刻的，還是朱豹卿、李湘梅、潘飛輪幾位老前輩?！昂芘宸毂淅蠋煹膶W(xué)識(shí)淵博，在他的畫中，你可以看到用線用筆的高雅和韻味。而李湘梅老師的作品都很大氣。扇面的格調(diào)一定要高，才擔(dān)得起非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)這個(gè)稱號(hào)?！?/p>

看著，聽著，趙平加接過了那把凝結(jié)了無數(shù)前輩心血的傳承之扇，開啟了她自己探究和發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅。

二

黑紙扇，是王星記最負(fù)盛名的傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品。一把黑紙扇的整套工藝多達(dá)86道流程，其采用的原材料幾乎全部為天然物，最為精細(xì)。趙平加認(rèn)為，像這樣的扇子就不再適合使用，而是應(yīng)該作為藝術(shù)品去發(fā)掘和欣賞。她開始致力于黑紙扇面的彩繪創(chuàng)新，用傳統(tǒng)工筆重彩的技法，真金彩繪，獨(dú)創(chuàng)了一系列套扇。

“那個(gè)時(shí)候沒想著能這么快就成功，加班的時(shí)候畫著畫著就成了?！壁w平加指著她早期創(chuàng)作的《哪吒鬧?！贰段鲙洝泛汀段骱耖g故事》的影印作品笑著說：“我?guī)е@套扇子代表單位去香港交流，還拿了獎(jiǎng)，得獎(jiǎng)的時(shí)候沒人相信這是我做出來的，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)候太年輕了?！?/p>

因?yàn)樽髌吩谙愀垡鹆宿Z動(dòng)，扇子很快就被搶購一空，香港的媒體紛紛作了報(bào)道。聊到這里，趙平加的語氣充滿自豪，又略帶一絲遺憾——她沒能留一把早期的作品給自己當(dāng)作紀(jì)念。

在趙平加將要退休的時(shí)候，杭州市人民政府在河坊街設(shè)立了杭州市工藝美術(shù)大師樓，趙平加作為大師之一，在里面成立了自己的工作室，后又遷到了現(xiàn)在的河坊街附近。店鋪不大，有兩層。一樓是琳瑯滿目的扇子，還有滿墻的榮譽(yù)證書和老照片。二樓則是她創(chuàng)作的地方，從窗戶望出去，是極具江南特色的樓閣，別有一番韻味。

這些年，趙平加從未間斷過創(chuàng)作。她喜歡讀《紅樓夢(mèng)》，光是這一本書，就給了她大量的故事和思路。她喜歡民間故事，《白蛇傳》《八仙過?！范加浽诹怂纳茸又校话焉茸?，就是一個(gè)故事。

身為一個(gè)老杭州人，趙平加對(duì)西湖更是情有獨(dú)鐘，為了讓外地游客能夠更好地認(rèn)識(shí)西湖，她歷時(shí)3年，創(chuàng)作出了“新西湖全景圖”，把西湖的各景點(diǎn)精巧地設(shè)計(jì)到了扇面中，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)成熟的印刷工藝品。

三

1999年，著名的“99巴黎·中國文化周”，那是趙平加以杭扇傳承人的身份，第一次帶著她的扇藝走出國門?！度嗣袢?qǐng)?bào)》等中央媒體、海外媒體都曾報(bào)道過這一中國文化走向法國的盛事。這些報(bào)道被趙平加小心翼翼地剪好收集，在我翻閱的時(shí)候，很難發(fā)現(xiàn)圖片、文字中20年前的她，和現(xiàn)在談?wù)撈鹕茸訒r(shí)依然滔滔不絕的她有什么區(qū)別。

“在巴黎我認(rèn)識(shí)了一個(gè)老收藏家。別人看到我的扇子都是驚訝、好奇，但是他卻拿出了自己的收藏品，也是扇子，和我交流。”趙平加很驚訝，在還沒那么開放的年代，居然也有外國人對(duì)這些來自東方的扇藝文化作品如此感興趣。最后，那些跟著趙平加去巴黎的扇子，全部留在了異國他鄉(xiāng)，被法國收藏家們所收藏。

這些年，趙平加去過的國家不少了。交流越是深入，她就越是覺得自己所從事的這份事業(yè)無比“重要”?！耙郧巴鈬丝吹缴人囍皇怯X得神奇，現(xiàn)在他們會(huì)參與進(jìn)來和我互動(dòng)。這是中國傳統(tǒng)文化真正走向世界的很重要的一步?！壁w平加說。

2010年，上海世博會(huì)。和前面幾次在海外的交流一樣，趙平加在展館內(nèi)設(shè)置了自己的展位，和前來觀展的游客切磋交流。唯獨(dú)有些不同的是，世博會(huì)的人真的太多了，多到趙平加一個(gè)人沒辦法應(yīng)對(duì)，于是叫女兒游曉婷來幫忙。她沒有意識(shí)到，傳承的火苗因此在下一代的心中被點(diǎn)燃，直到現(xiàn)在，母女倆聊到上海世博會(huì)，言語中仍充滿感慨——“那次世博會(huì)，不僅僅是讓扇文化‘走出去，還讓它‘走下去了?！?/p>

四

作為趙平加的女兒，游曉婷其實(shí)并沒有想要和母親一樣，把扇藝當(dāng)成一門事業(yè)的。

“不是說我不喜歡，從小跟著媽媽耳濡目染，我也很喜歡畫扇面，設(shè)計(jì)扇子?！庇螘枣酶嬖V我，“可是如果真的讓我把它當(dāng)成一門事業(yè)來做，其實(shí)我一開始是不想的，因?yàn)橛X得像媽媽那樣太累了?！碑?dāng)年考上中國美院選專業(yè)的時(shí)候，她并沒有選擇和媽媽所從事的事業(yè)更接近的人物畫專業(yè)，而是選擇了環(huán)藝專業(yè)。

世博會(huì)上那次無心的幫忙，成為了她決心去繼承的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)?！爱?dāng)我看到原來有那么多人喜歡扇子的時(shí)候，我覺得這項(xiàng)工作是有意義的?！庇螘枣谜驹诘赇伒氖浙y臺(tái)后，旁邊擺著被翻得略有些舊的扇骨鑒賞類書籍，電腦中的瀏覽畫面也是各類扇子的價(jià)格。

“我不會(huì)逼著我女兒做這一行，因?yàn)槟惚仨氁芟矚g很喜歡，你才能做下去，這個(gè)逼不來的?！壁w平加在一旁補(bǔ)充。

對(duì)比趙平加和游曉婷的扇子作品，其實(shí)是一件很有趣的事。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)趙平加的扇面多偏重于傳統(tǒng)題材和技法，而游曉婷則是在當(dāng)中添加了更多的現(xiàn)代元素。當(dāng)卡通畫、工筆重彩、黑紙扇這些獨(dú)特的元素結(jié)合起來的時(shí)候，你會(huì)看見櫥窗里陳列出的這些小扇子，煥發(fā)著生機(jī)，被鍍上了一層現(xiàn)代色彩——“有人想高價(jià)買這一套小黑紙扇，但是我沒舍得，現(xiàn)在只單個(gè)賣?！庇螘枣眯Φ?。

對(duì)于今后的規(guī)劃，游曉婷侃侃而談：“我覺得主要是三個(gè)方向，一個(gè)是個(gè)人創(chuàng)作這一塊，這是我媽媽一直在做的事情?？墒沁@樣的作品畢竟數(shù)量少，價(jià)格偏高，所以不太能夠進(jìn)行更好的推廣;第二想做的是文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)品，比如我和媽媽一起設(shè)計(jì)的西湖風(fēng)景剪紙扇，把剪紙和絲綢的元素結(jié)合到一起，這些想法讓我們連續(xù)3年拿到杭州市旅游商品金獎(jiǎng);第三個(gè)就是增加互動(dòng)性，我們后面有一小塊區(qū)域在裝修，我打算把它變成互動(dòng)區(qū)，讓游客參與扇面的繪畫，這樣他們會(huì)更喜歡，也更有利于扇藝這一傳統(tǒng)文化的推廣?！?/p>

“同一系列的扇骨，搭配合適的扇面和扇墜，扇子就這樣‘活了。”游曉婷向我介紹的時(shí)候，趙平加時(shí)不時(shí)在旁補(bǔ)充，有時(shí)候完全插不上話。我仿佛看到了這血脈傳承之間，傳統(tǒng)工藝所增添的新的生命力。有女兒在，平加扇藝不僅“活”了，還將散發(fā)出更閃耀的色彩。

Paper-Fan Artist：? Life of Talent and Grace

By Liu Qiaoyan

The 62-year-old Zhao Pingjia is an artist who paints exclusively on paper-fans， a special cultural product Hangzhou is famed for. Now the master and her daughter operate an atelier in downtown Hangzhou to highlight and carry on the artistic tradition which goes back to many centuries ago in the capital city of Zhejiang province.

Zhao Pingjia showed her passion for painting as a little girl. When the adults of her family saw her serious effort to recreate the world in her drawings， they couldnt help but try to find her the best teachers. Among her best teachers were Zhao Yannian， Wu Guoting， Zhou Changgu， all big shots at Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts， the predecessor of the present-day China Academy of Art based in Hangzhou. It was in 1970 when she was 13 years old that she went to these masters for instructions.

They taught her by sneaking her into their classrooms at the academy and allowing her to listen and watch， by answering her questions and letting their colleagues know that she was special and that she was their protégé and asking her to copy masters works and do her sketches.

Zhao believes that the training she got from these masters in those years is the best she has ever received. Shortly after she successfully got herself employed at Wangxingji Fan Factory in 1979， she began to shine as a versatile artist. Before long， she was able to work independently： designing art drawings for fans and writing calligraphy in all major styles. She mastered skills of making sandalwood fans in record time. And she learned a lot from masters. Many decades later， she can still name the best qualities of these masters such as Zhu Baoqing， Li Xiangmei and Pan Feilun.

What made Zhao Pingjia stand out the black-paper fans she painted in colors， something no one had ever done before. The black-paper fan was and is the best known Wangxingji product. Making such a deceptively simple fan takes a complicated procedure of 86 steps. Thinking such a sophisticated fan was no longer an appropriate everyday article for cooling oneself in hot summer days， she wondered if it was possible to make a fan into an artwork. She began to paint on black-paper fans in color. The fans with illustrations of ancient folk stories fascinated art aficionados in Hong Kong when the artworks she had created were first exhibited to the outside world. She won a top prize in Hong Kong. At the ceremony， people couldnt believe their eyes that she was the master of such a young age. She remembers how the fans sold out in no time in Hong Kong and regrets that none of them is in her possession as a memento. She has only a set of photos of her prize-winning paper fan drawings. In 1999， she brought her paper fans to the China Cultural Week in Paris， France. It was her first international exhibition. All the fans she brought to Paris went into private collections in France.

A turning point in her life occurred in 2010 when she demonstrated her fan-painting art at World Expo in Shanghai. She asked her daughter You Xiaoting to help her out at the expo. The daughter hadnt wanted to carry on her moms career. The girl liked to draw and was a good designer of paper fans， but she didnt want to commit herself to such a career， thinking her mothers total dedication was spiritually exhausting and unbearable. She chose to study environmental art at college. But attending the Expo in Shanghai changed her mind about paper fans. After seeing her mothers fans attracted so many people， the daughter found the work meaningful. She decided to focus on painting paper fans. Even now， the mother and the daughter feel amazed how a month at the expo in 2010 changed the life of the mother and the daughter forever. “I wouldnt want to force her to engage herself in this field. In this line of work， only a real passion can last a lifetime. Such a total dedication must come from within. It would be futile trying to impose it from without，” says the mother.

Now You Xiaoting works with her mother at the two-story studio in downtown Hefang Street. Her fan products are a little different from those by her mother. Zhao Pingjias paintings are more traditional in both subjects and skills whereas Yous works incorporate some modern elements. She will continue to do what her mother has been doing： design and create special paintings on black-paper fans. Works in this category are time-consuming and expensive. Traditional fans appeal only to a small group of people. She wants to develop paper-fans that appeal to more popular tastes of ordinary people. A series of fans that integrates paper-cutting and silk， jointly developed by the mother-daughter team， has won a gold medal in three consecutive years from the tourism authorities of Hangzhou.

The daughter is full of ideas she wants to try out in the future. While the young woman talks， Zhao Pingjia listens attentively and lovingly， knowing the fan painting art is now in the safe and youthful hands.