李建高
一、認準“標志詞”判別時態(tài)
一般來說,每一種時態(tài)都有其特定的“標志詞”,如時間狀語、時間副詞等。大家在辨別時態(tài)時,一定要仔細去發(fā)現(xiàn)它,從而快速做出判斷。
(2018年天津卷)—Jerry, have you ever been to the Great Wall?
—Yes. I there with my parents last year.
A. go B. went
C. will go D. have gone
解析:根據(jù)時間狀語last year可判斷出,此處應該用一般過去時。行為動詞的一般過去時用動詞的過去式表示,go的過去式為went,選B。
(2018年上海卷)Michael in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.
A. teaches B. taught
C. will teach D. was teaching
解析:根據(jù)時間狀語from February to June next year可判斷出,此處應該用一般將來時。一般將來時有“will/shall + 動詞原形”及“be going to + 動詞原形”常見結(jié)構(gòu),選C。
(2018年沈陽卷)Sarah many places of interest in Beijing already.
A. visited B. has visited
C. will visit D. visits
解析:根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合標志詞already可判斷出,此處應該用現(xiàn)在完成時?,F(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)為“have/has + 動詞的過去分詞”,選B。
(2018年邵陽卷)—Where is Jim?
—Look! He under the tree.
A. is standing B. stood
C. stands
解析:根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合標志詞Look可判斷出,此處應用現(xiàn)在進行時?,F(xiàn)在進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)為“be + 動詞-ing”結(jié)構(gòu),選A。
知識拓展:熟記下面這些常見的“標志詞”:
1)always, often, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day (一般現(xiàn)在時)
2)yesterday, last night, just now, in 2008, two days ago (一般過去時)
3)now, at the moment, these days, listen, look (out) (現(xiàn)在進行時)
4)at eight yesterday morning, at that time, then, those days, when/while + 從句 (過去進行時)
5)tomorrow, next week/month/year, in two days, soon (一般將來時)
6)already, yet, just, ever, never, so far, ever since, for + 一段時間或since + 時間點(現(xiàn)在完成時)
7)by the time, by the end of..., when +從句, before + 從句 (過去完成時)
二、透過語境判別時態(tài)
辨別時態(tài)最為關鍵的一點就是語境,答題時我們要學會通過上下文語境來判斷句子的時態(tài),注意上下文時態(tài)的一致性。
(2018年河北卷)—The bread is really delicious.
—Thank you. I it myself.
A. make B. made
C. will make D. am making
解析:根據(jù)上句“The bread is really delicious.”可推斷出下句意為:謝謝。我自己做的。顯然,“做”這一動作發(fā)生在過去,所以此處應該用一般過去時,make的過去式為made,選B。
(2018年鹽城卷)—I my card. I want to report it.
—You can call the bank to report the loss. It would be faster.
A. lose B. was losing
C. will lose D. have lost
解析:根據(jù)答語“You can call the bank to report the loss. It would be faster.”可以推斷出上句意為:我的卡丟了,我想報告。此處表示過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時,選D。
三、依據(jù)語言習慣判定時態(tài)
有些句子的時態(tài)需要考慮習慣表達,如在賓語從句中,從句為客觀事實和自然規(guī)律時,時態(tài)不受主句影響,仍然使用一般現(xiàn)在時;在時間和條件狀語從句中,若主句是一般將來時,則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
(2018年烏魯木齊卷)John told his little daughter the earth from the west to the east.
A. moved B. moving
C. moves D. move
解析:這是一個賓語從句。雖然主句用了一般過去時,但由于從句敘述的是自然規(guī)律,所以時態(tài)仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時,選C。
(2018年北部灣卷)As soon as she in Nanning, she will call you.
A. arrives B. arrive C. will arrive D. arrived
解析:本題題干為as soon as引導的時間狀語從句,并且主句是一般將來時,所以從句應該用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來,選A。
(2018年南充卷)—When is the school art festival?
—It will be held on time if it next Monday.
A. dont rain B. wont rain
C. doesnt rain D. didnt rain
解析:本題題干為if引導的條件狀語從句,并且主句是一般將來時,所以從句也應該用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來,選C。